DescriptionIlluminated initial membrane, with portrait of Elizabeth, 1589.jpg
English: Illuminated initial membrane, with portrait of Elizabeth I, Court of King's Bench: Coram Rege Roll (Easter Term, 1589).
The King's Bench was the senior common law court until 1875, dealing with crimninal offences. The decorative initial P was the "Placita" (plea) put before the queen. The portraits were commissioned by court officials from artists and are unique, though they came to follow a precise standard pattern.
Art historian Erna Auerbach showed that from 1585, a standard portrait type was used for the queen's image on the Court Rolls and the Great Seal; this image of 1589 is a typical example. In describing the very similar portrait on the Easter Roll of 1586, Auerbach listed the formal elements of the design: "Throne, canopy, attitude and arrangement of the robes have become strongly formalized ... The costume on the illumination is formalized in the same manner as on the Seal; it consists of the triangular pointed stomacher, the wide coat, the merely indicated knees, the wheel-shaped ruff. The illumination and the Seal show the square cushion under the feet and the volutes decorating throne and canopy ... The royal likeness on the Plea Rolls in fact remained during this period almost as unchanged as the likeness which, during the same period, was reproduced many times in wax by the impression of the Great Seal". (Reference: Erna Auerbach, Tudor Artists: A Study of Painters in the Royal Service and of Portraiture on Illuminated Documents from the Accession of Henry VIII to the Death of Elizabeth I, London: Athlone Press, 1954, pp. 130–31.)
Date
Source
David Loades, Elizabeth I: The Golden Reign of Gloriana, London: National Archives, 2003, ISBN1903365430.
This is a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional, public domain work of art. The work of art itself is in the public domain for the following reason:
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
This work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 100 years or fewer.
You must also include a United States public domain tag to indicate why this work is in the public domain in the United States.
https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/PDMCreative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0falsefalse
The official position taken by the Wikimedia Foundation is that "faithful reproductions of two-dimensional public domain works of art are public domain". This photographic reproduction is therefore also considered to be in the public domain in the United States. In other jurisdictions, re-use of this content may be restricted; see Reuse of PD-Art photographs for details.
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