Identifier: physiologybioche00macl (find matches)
Title: Physiology and biochemistry in modern medicine
Year: 1918 (1910s)
Authors: Macleod, John James Rickard, 1876-1935 Pearce, R. G. (Roy Gentry), 1884-
Subjects: Physiology Biochemistry
Publisher: St. Louis : Mosby
Contributing Library: Columbia University Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons

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aratively feeble, the length of the period during which they occur is 471 472 DIGESTION about twelve minutes, being shorter than when the contractions are power-ful, in which case the periods are always initiated by weaker contrac-tions with long intervening pauses. Finally, the pauses disappear andthe contractions become more and more pronounced until, as above men-tioned, a virtual tetanus, lasting from two to five minutes, may super-vene. The duration of the hunger period varies from one-half to one anda half hours, with an average of from thirty to forty-five minutes, andthe number of individual contractions in a period varies from twenty toseventy. Between the hunger periods, intervals of from one-half totwo and one-half hours of quiescence may supervene. (See Fig. 168.) Similar contractions, often passing into incomplete tetanus, have beenobserved in the stomach of healthy infants, some of the observations hav-ing been made before the first nursing. The intervals of motor quies-
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Fig. 166.—-Diagram of method for recording stomach movements. B, rubber balloon in stomach.D, kymograph. F, cork float with recording flag. M, manometer. L, manometer fluid (bromo-form, chloroform, or water). R, rubber tube connecting balloon with manometer. S, stomach.T, side tube for inflation of stomach balloon. (From Carlson.) cence between the hunger periods are shorter than in adults. In obser-vations made during sleep, it was observed that, when the contractionswere very vigorous, the infant would show signs of restlessness andmight awake and cry. As in the adult, the contractions are evidentlyassociated with subjective sensations of hunger. Contractions of theempty stomach have also been recorded on a large variety of animals,including the dog, rabbit, cat, guinea pig, bird, frog and turtle. Theyvary somewhat in type in different animals. With regard to the time of onset of the tonus and hunger contractions,it has been observed that the only period during which the fundus is

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