English: The ligand (black) when bound in the active site of the enzyme (blue). The two key amino acid residues in the active site are Asp-170 and Asp-231. First, Asp-170 performs a nucleophilic attack on the glycosidic bond to release the terminal α-galactose molecule from the ligand. Then, Asp-231 serves as an acid to remove a proton from water, making it more nucleophilic to attack the galactose-Asp complex and release α-galactose from the active site.
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