The Admiral Commanding, Orkneys and Shetlands[1] was an operational commander of the Royal Navy. He was charged with the administration of the Orkney and Shetland Islands and operating and defending the fleet base at Scapa Flow that was the main anchorage for both the Home Fleet and Grand Fleet at various times.
| Admiral Commanding, Orkneys and Shetlands | |
|---|---|
| Active | (1914-1920), (1939-1945) |
| Country |  United Kingdom |
| Branch |  Royal Navy |
| Type | Naval formation |
| Garrison/HQ | Lyness |
History
editAn Admiral Commanding for the Orkneys and Shetlands was appointed twice, on the outbreak of war, to provide for the defence and administration of the main base for the Home Fleet. The Admiral Commanding was responsible, under the orders of the Commander-in-Chief, Home Fleet, for administration of naval defences, naval establishments, and shore duties generally in Orkney and Shetland.
During the First World War and the Second World War the Rear-Admiral, Scapa Flow served under him, with a position similar to that of an Admiral Superintendent of a dockyard port. Directly under his orders were the Northern Patrol, Shetlands Patrols, the Officer Commanding Troops Orkney, the Officer Commanding Troops Shetlands, the Admiralty Port Officer Kirkwall, the Rear-Admiral commanding the local minefields and the officers responsible for the extended defences, the local defence flotilla and the Orkney Trawler Patrols.[2] He was responsible for the patrolling of the area from Wick to Cape Wrath.[3]
Shore establishments included HMS Pyramus (shore establishment) at Kirkwall; HMS Proserpine (shore establishment) at Lyness; and HMS Fox (shore establishment) at Lerwick.[4]
During the Second World War the Rear-Admiral, Scapa Flow continued to serve under him.
First World War
editIncluded:[5]
| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Admiral Commanding Orkneys and Shetland | ||||
| 1 | Admiral |  |
Sir Stanley Cecil James Colville | 7 September 1914 – 19 January 1916 |
| 2 | Admiral | |
Sir Frederic Edward Errington Brock | 20 January 1916 – 11 March 1918 |
| 3 | Admiral | |
Sir Herbert E. King-Hall | 28 January 1918 – 1 March 1919 |
| 4 | Vice-Admiral |  |
Sir Robert John Prendergast | 1 March 1919 – 9 January 1920 |
Subordinate commanders First World War
editSource:[5]
Flag Officer Scapa Flow/Rear Admiral Scapa
editThis officer's role was similar to that of Admiral Superintendent of a dockyard port.
| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flag Officer Scapa Flow/Rear Admiral Scapa | ||||
| 1 | Rear-Admiral |  |
Francis Miller | September 1914 – April, 1916 January 1916 |
| 2 | Rear-Admiral | |
Robert Prendergast | May 1916 – September 1917 1918 |
Flag Officer Shetlands
edit| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flag Officer Shetlands | ||||
| 1 | Rear-Admiral | |
Rear Admiral Clement Greatorex | October 1917 |
Naval units, First World War
editIncluded:[6]
| Unit | Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 21st Minesweeper Flotilla | 1918 | |
| Northern Patrol | 1914–1918, 1939–1945 | Operating within the Orkneys & Shetland Command under VAdm Comm NP |
| Scapa Local Defence Flotilla | 1914-1918 |
Second World War
editWatson lists the 6th M/S Flotilla 7.41-12.42, which may have been under direct command of the Home Fleet, and the 15th M/S Flotilla 4.42-2.44 [Bangors] operated under the orders of the Admiral Commanding. The Admiral's flag was flown aboard HMS Iron Duke in Scapa Flow.
The Northern Patrol was based within the Orkney and Shetlands area, but was not responsible to the Admiral Commanding Orkneys and Shetlands.[7] Its ships were dispersed by 1941.
Admirals Commanding:
| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Admiral Commanding Orkneys and Shetland | ||||
| 1 | Vice-Admiral | |
Sir Wilfred Franklin French | July 1939 – 20 December 1939[8] |
| 2 | Vice-Admiral | |
Sir Hugh Binney | 20 December 1939 – 7 January 1942 |
| 3 | Vice-Admiral | |
Sir Lionel Wells | 7 January - October 1943 |
| 4 | Vice-Admiral | |
Sir Henry Harwood | April 1944 - March 1945 |
Flag Officer, Scapa Flow/Rear-Admiral Scapa
edit| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flag Officer Scapa Flow/Rear Admiral Scapa | ||||
| 1 | Rear-Admiral | |
Patrick Macnamara (rtd.) | 1 September 1940 - March 1945[9] |
Admiral-superintendent Lyness
edit| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Admiral Superintendent Lyness[10] | ||||
| 1 | Rear-Admiral | |
Patrick Macnamara (rtd.) | 3 October 1940 - March 1945 |
Admiral-superintendent Orkney
edit| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Admiral Superintendent Orkney | ||||
| 1 | Rear-Admiral | |
Patrick Macnamara (rtd.) | 1 May 1942 - March 1945 |
Notes
edit- ^ Haarr 2013, p. 160.
- ^ Grand Fleet Order 107.
- ^ Grand Fleet Order 136.
- ^ Watson. 2015
- ^ a b Watson 2015.
- ^ Watson. 2015
- ^ Watson 2015
- ^ Haarr 2013, pp. 2–16.
- ^ "Patrick Macnamara Life and Career Post War". dreadnoughtproject.org. The Dreadnought Project.Org, 13 June 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
- ^ "Admiral Superintendent's Office, Lyness". nationalarchives.gov.uk. The National Archives. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
References
edit- Haarr, Geirr H. (2013). The Gathering Storm: The Naval War in Northern Europe September 1939 - April 1940. Seaforth Publishing. p. 160. ISBN 9781473832732.
- Harley, Simon and Lovell Tony, Admiral Commanding, Orkneys and Shetlands (2015), http://www.dreadnoughtproject.org (main source for this article)
- Watson, Graham (27 October 2015). "Organisation of the Royal Navy 1914 to 1918, The Home Commands World War One". naval-history.net. Naval History.Net. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
- Watson, Graham. "Royal Navy Organisation and Ship Deployment, Inter-War Years 1919-1939". www.naval-history.net. Gordon Smith, 2 September 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
- Watson, Graham. "Royal Navy Organisation in World War 2, 1939-1945". www.naval-history.net. Gordon Smith, 19 September 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
- Watson, Graham. "Royal Navy Organisation and Ship Deployment, Inter-War Years 1914-1918". www.naval-history.net. Gordon Smith, 27 October 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2018.