Flat Top Island Light is an inactive lighthouse on Flat Top Island, a small island off the entrance to Mackay harbor at the mouth of Pioneer River, about 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) east of Mackay, Queensland, Australia. It used to mark the river entrance for shipping and the direction of the port, as well as highlighting close by shoals at Shoalwater Point and a reef off Hay Point.[2] At 6 metres (20 ft) from the ground to the lantern floor, it is the shortest of Queensland's timber-framed iron clad lighthouses.[3]
 Flat Top Island Light, 1917 | |
 | |
| Location | Flat Top Island Mackay Queensland Australia |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 21°09′41.4″S 149°14′48.17″E / 21.161500°S 149.2467139°E |
| Tower | |
| Constructed | 1878 |
| Foundation | stone and concrete tower |
| Construction | timber frame clad with galvanized iron |
| Automated | about 1920 |
| Height | 32 feet (9.8 m) |
| Shape | conical tower |
| Markings | white tower, red lantern dome |
| Light | |
| First lit | 1879[1] |
| Deactivated | 2007 |
| Focal height | 174 feet (53 m) |
| Lens | 4th order |
| Characteristic | Fl (4) WR 20s. (defunct) |
History
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Tenders for the construction of the lighthouse were called in February 1877,[4] and the tender accepted on September of that year was by Archibald McIntyre.[5] Construction commenced in December 1877[6] and complete in May 1878.[7] However, the lighthouse was not officially lit, as the permanent apparatus was not available and a temporary one was used. The light was officially lit only on 27 December 1879 with the installation of the permanent apparatus.[8] As typical for lighthouses of that period in Queensland, the tower is conical in shape, built of an internal timber frame, clad with galvanized iron plates. The foundation was 4 feet (1.2 m) deep and 17 feet (5.2 m) wide, made of stone and concrete. The lighthouse diameter is 11 feet 3 inches (3.43 m) at the bottom and 7 feet (2.1 m) at the top. The height of the tower is 20 feet (6 m) from the ground to the balcony, making it the shortest of the composite lighthouses ever built in Queensland.[3] From the ground to the top the height reported on construction was 31 feet (9.4 m),[9] with the light being shown at 23 feet (7 m).[10] However, the height was no hindrance, as the focal height was 174 feet (53 m).[11][8] The permanent light installed was a fixed fourth order dioptric and was visible for 19 nautical miles (35 km; 22 mi). It showed white light for directions clear of danger (except where obscured by the close by Round Top Island) and red over danger. An additional red sector was later installed to show further dangerous locations.[8] The lighthouse is currently painted white with a red dome.[11]
In January 1918 the lighthouse was the only structure on the island and the only aid to navigation to survive the 1918 Mackay cyclone.[12] The lighthouse was automated around 1920. In 1991, the light source was still an open flame acetylene gas burner.[13]
The light was discontinued in March 2007[14] and it is currently conserved on site.[15] The last light characteristic displayed was four flashes every twenty seconds, red and white depending on the direction (Fl.(4)W.R. 20s).[11]
Site operation and visiting
editThe lighthouse is currently inactive. Before that, it was operated by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority. The island is accessible only by boat. It is unclear whether public access to the site and tower are available.[11]
See also
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Notes
edit- ^ According to Marquis-Kyle 2009, p. 7 and Davenport 1986, p. 150. Rowlett states 1894. Butler 1994 states 1878, which is the year in which it was built.
- ^ Davenport 1986, p. 150.
- ^ a b Marquis-Kyle 2009, p. 4.
- ^ "Telegraphic Despatches". Rockhampton Bulletin. 12 February 1877.
- ^ "Telegraphic Despatches". Rockhampton Bulletin. 17 September 1877.
- ^ "Mackay December 24". The Queenslander. 5 January 1878.
- ^ Morning Bulletin reports on 3 May that it is "almost completed" and a letter at "Flat Top Island Lighthouse, Qld". Lighthouses of Australia Inc Bulletin (2). 2003. Archived from the original on 8 October 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2017. states it was built in May 1878.
- ^ a b c "Notice to Mariners, Light, Flat-Top Island, Pioneer River". The Northern Territory Times and Gazette. 27 December 1879.
- ^ Morning Bulletin. Note that Rowlett gives a close 32 feet (9.8 m).
- ^ Morning Bulletin.
- ^ a b c d Rowlett.
- ^ "Disaster at Mackay". The Sydney Morning Herald. 26 January 1918.
- ^ AHD101515.
- ^ Australian Notices to Mariners.
- ^ Marquis-Kyle 2009, p. 5.
References
edit- Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Australia: Southern Queensland". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
- Marquis-Kyle, Peter (November 2009). Queensland's timber and iron lighthouses: 19th century colonial innovation (PDF). 3rd Australasian Engineering Heritage Conference. Dunedin, New Zealand. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
- "Flat Top Island Lighthouse, Mackay, QLD, Australia (Place ID 101515)". Australian Heritage Database. Australian Government.
- "Australian Notices to Mariners 2007 Edition 4 No's 178 - 210" (PDF). 2 March 2007. p. 30.
- Butler, Graeme (1994). Mackay region pilot heritage study (PDF). Graeme Butler & Associates. p. 32.
- Davenport, Winifred (1986). Harbours & Marine: Port and Harbour Development in Queensland from 1824 to 1985. Brisbane: Department of Harbours & Marine.
- "Northern Mail News - Mackay". The Morning Bulletin. 3 May 1878.
External links
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- Searle, Garry. "List of Lighthouses - Queensland". Lighthouses of Australia. SeaSide Lights.
- "The Flat Top Island Lighthouse". Lighthouses of Queensland. Lighthouses of Australia Inc.