Alopecia mucinosa, also known as Follicular mucinosis, Mucinosis follicularis, Pinkus' follicular mucinosis, and Pinkus' follicular mucinosis–benign primary form, is a skin disorder that generally presents, but not exclusively, as erythematous plaques or flat patches without hair primarily on the scalp, neck and face.[1]: 649 [2]: 188 This can also be present on the body as a follicular mucinosis and may represent a systemic disease.[3][4]
| Alopecia mucinosa | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Follicular mucinosis |
| Specialty | Dermatology  |
Alopecia mucinosa is divided into three different variants, primary acute, primary chronic, and secondary alopecia mucinosa.[5]
Signs and symptoms
editFollicle papules and alopecia are the two main clinical signs of alopecia mucinosa. There may be patches of follicular papules, plaques, and nodules. In addition to the usual erythema and scaling, active lesions might occasionally express mucous material. The most frequently involved areas are the face and the scalp.[6]
Causes
editAlthough the precise pathophysiology is uncertain, it has been suggested that cell-mediated immunity and circulating immune complexes play a part in responding to persistent antigens like Staphylococcus aureus.[7]
Diagnosis
editAlopecia mucinosa patients require many skin biopsy samples for examination. Alopecia mucinosa is characterized by follicular degeneration and a buildup of mucin inside the follicles.[6]
Classification
editThe primary acute form of alopecia mucinosa is more common in children and young adults, characterized by isolated lesions on the scalp and skull that go away on their own in a short amount of time. The primary chronic variant of alopecia mucinosa is more common in slightly older age groups, has many disseminated lesions, and has a longer course with recurrent recurrences after treatment. A variety of benign and malignant illnesses can lead to secondary alopecia mucinosa.[5]
Treatment
editTopical, intralesional, and systemic glucocorticoids, dapsone, x-irradiation, antimalarials, isotretinoin, indomethacin, minocycline, UVA1 phototheraphy, and PUVA photochemotheraphy, are among the treatment methods that have been documented in the therapy of this condition.[8]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138076-0.
- ^ James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
- ^ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
- ^ Rashid, R; Hymes, S (May 15, 2009). "Folliculitis, follicular mucinosis, and papular mucinosis as a presentation of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia". Dermatology Online Journal. 15 (5): 16. doi:10.5070/D30SW9F7XZ. PMID 19624994.
- ^ a b Akinsanya, Adeyinka O; Tschen, Jaime A (2019-05-24). "Follicular Mucinosis: A Case Report". Cureus. 11 (5). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: e4746. doi:10.7759/cureus.4746. ISSN 2168-8184. PMC 6663277. PMID 31363428.
- ^ a b Gerstner, Gervaise L (2022-03-16). "Alopecia Mucinosa (Follicular Mucinosis) Clinical Presentation: Physical Examination". Medscape Reference. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
- ^ Lewars, Marie; Levin, Josh; Purcell, Stephen (2013). "Follicular mucinosis". Indian Dermatology Online Journal. 4 (4). Medknow: 333–335. doi:10.4103/2229-5178.120667. ISSN 2229-5178. PMC 3853904. PMID 24350019.
- ^ Clark-Loeser, Lesley; Latkowski, Jo-Ann (2004). "Follicular mucinosis associated with mycosis fungoides". Dermatology Online Journal. 10 (3). doi:10.5070/D356J1882Q. ISSN 1087-2108. PMID 15748592.
Further reading
edit- Rongioletti, Franco; De Lucchi, Simona; Meyes, Dan; Mora, Marco; Rebora, Alfredo; Zupo, Simonetta; Cerruti, Giannamaria; Patterson, James W. (2009-11-24). "Follicular mucinosis: a clinicopathologic, histochemical, immunohistochemical and molecular study comparing the primary benign form and the mycosis fungoides-associated follicular mucinosis". Journal of Cutaneous Pathology. 37 (1). Wiley: 15–19. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01338.x. ISSN 0303-6987. PMID 19615011.
- Zvulunov, Alex; Shkalim, Vered; Ben-Amitai, Dan; Feinmesser, Meora (2012). "Clinical and histopathologic spectrum of alopecia mucinosa/follicular mucinosis and its natural history in children". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 67 (6). Elsevier BV: 1174–1181. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2012.04.015. ISSN 0190-9622. PMID 22579407.