For the Cause of the South is a lost 1912 American silent film that portrayed a tragic, fictional romance set during the American Civil War. Directed by Bannister Merwin, the film was produced by Edison Studios, which was located in New York City, in The Bronx. The production starred Laura Sawyer, Benjamin Wilson, and Charles Ogle, with supporting characters played by Bessie Learn and James Gordon in the role of Confederate General Robert E. Lee.
| For the Cause of the South | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Directed by | Bannister Merwin |
| Written by | Bannister Merwin Henry Albert Phillips |
| Produced by | Thomas A. Edison, Inc. |
| Starring | Laura Sawyer Benjamin Wilson Charles Stanton Ogle |
Production companies | |
| Distributed by | The General Film Company |
Release date |
|
Running time | 1000 feet (approximately 15 minutes)[2] |
| Country | United States |
| Language | Silent (English intertitles) |
Plot
edit
According to articles and reviews in 1912 trade publications, the film began with scenes set in the contemporary Southern United States, over 50 years after the start of the American Civil War.[3] Helen Randall, an elderly well-to-do Southern spinster, is described sitting at her home and conversing with her niece Edith, a young woman who is engaged and soon to be married. Curious about her aunt's past, Edith asks her why she never married. Helen is visibly disheartened by the question but shows her niece a photograph of a young soldier, a keepsake she displays on the fireplace mantle in her living room. The scene then transitioned back in time to just before the war, when Helen is a teenager and is attending a women's seminary located near West Point, New York. While a student there she meets and falls in love with Charles Dalton, a cadet at the United States Military Academy. The couple's plans to marry are soon interrupted by the outbreak of war between the North and South. Helen, obeying her father, returns home while Charles remains in New York, where he is commissioned as a captain of a cavalry unit in the Union army. Meanwhile, Helen's father joins the opposing Confederate States Army to serve as a colonel.
As the war intensifies and drags on, Helen loses touch with Charles. Her father, who is now away from their home serving at the front, is ordered by General Robert E. Lee to deliver an urgent, secret message to General "Stonewall" Jackson, information that may prevent the fall of Richmond, Virginia, the Confederacy's capital, to Union forces. While skirting "Yankee" lines, Colonel Randall is seen by Union soldiers, who chase him. The desperate colonel's home happens to be nearby, so Randall rushes there with the enemy in hot pursuit. Helen and her older brother Harry are at the stately residence and are startled when their father appears. Frantic to protect him, she, unlike her cowardly brother, helps to defend him and to safeguard the message he is carrying when a unit of Union cavalry arrives. Helen during the "bloody fight" that ensues is shocked to see that her beloved Charles is leading the unit.[4] Armed with a pistol, she ultimately has to choose between her loyalty to family and the Confederacy or her love for Charles. Loyalty prevails, and she shoots and kills Charles. She then faints amid the chaos, but upon awakening she finds that Confederate soldiers had arrived to chase off the remaining Yankee troopers. Although she is hailed as a Southern heroine, Helen grieves and remains devastated by the death of the man she once planned to wed, a casualty of war that she inflicted. She therefore dedicates her own remaining years to living a chaste, unmarried life.[3][5]
Cast
edit- Laura Sawyer as Helen Randall, the Colonel's daughter
- Bessie Learn as Edith, Helen's niece
- Benjamin Wilson as Union Captain Charles Dalton
- Charles Ogle as Confederate Colonel Randall
- Guy Hedlund as Harry Randall, the Colonel's son and Helen's brother
- James Gordon as Confederate General Robert E. Lee
Production and release
editThe sets for staging the production were built in New York City at the main filming facilities of Edison Studios, which were located at the intersection of Decatur Avenue and Oliver Place in the Bronx.[6] Many of the needed extras who performed as low-ranking Union and Confederate soldiers and as other peripheral characters in the story were residents hired from the Bronx neighborhoods surrounding the studio. At that time it was common practice for Edison to gather and hire people living and working nearby, to "pick up drivers, cartmen, anyone as an extra".[7]
The 1000-foot "one-reeler" was released on January 26, 1912 and distributed by the General Film Company.[8] The lack of published reviews of the picture in major newspapers in the United States in 1912 suggests that the film had a limited distribution. It was, however, advertised at the time in some trade journals. In those publications Edison promoted it as a tragic tale of "a sweet-faced woman", who in her defense of the Southern cause "shot and killed her lover, a Union boy in blue."[4]
"Lost" film status
editNo copy of this Edison production is listed in Library of Congress, the UCLA Film Archives, in the collection of moving images at the Museum of Modern Art, the George Eastman Museum, the Library and Archives Canada, or in other major film repositories in the United States, Canada, or Europe.[9] The film is therefore presumed to be a lost production. A major fire at Edison's Bronx facilities on March 28, 1914 devastated much of the studio, destroying sets, large collections of costumes, production equipment, and, as reported in The New York Times, "many moving picture feature films".[10] It is quite possible that any master negatives and prints of For the Cause of the South stored there were among the losses in that fire.
References
edit- ^ "Data from Manufacturers' List of Releases /Edison", Moving Picture News (New York, N.Y.), September 26, 1912, p. 41. Internet Archive, San Francisco, California. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
- ^ Kawin, Bruce F. How Movies Work. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1987, pp. 46-47. According to this reference, a full 1000-foot reel of film in the silent era had a maximum running time of 15 minutes. Silent-film speeds varied, but they were usually projected at 16 frames per second, much slower than the 24 frames of later sound films. Also, most reels, especially the final reels in multiple-reel releases, were not filled to their maximum capacities.
- ^ a b Phillips, Henry Albert (1912). "For the Cause of the South (Edison)", short story based on plot details of that Edison film, The Motion Picture Story Magazine, January 1912, pp. 103-112. Internet Archive, San Francisco. Retrieved June 10, 2020.
- ^ a b "Edison Films", advertisement for four releases, The Moving Picture World, January 20, 1912, p. 182. Internet Archive. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
- ^ "For the Cause of the South (Jan. 26)", The Moving Picture World, January 20, 1912, p. 284. Internet Archive. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
- ^ "The Edison Studio, the Bronx, New York", Jonathan Silent Film Collection, Chapman University, Orange, California. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
- ^ "Marc MacDermott: Movie '49er", Photoplay (Chicago, Illinois), October 1917, p. 104. Internet Archive. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
- ^ For additional information about the General Film Company, see "Orders Movie Trust to be Broken Up" (PDF). The New York Times. October 2, 1915.
- ^ In June 2020, online and hard-copy searches for this film were made in the collections of the Library of Congress, the UCLA Film Archives, the Department of Film of the Museum of Modern Art, the George Eastman Museum, the Library and Archives Canada, BFI National Archive, and the holdings of EU film repositories through the European Film Gateway.
- ^ "'MOVIE' FILMS BURN WITH EDISON STUDIO...", The New York Times, March 29, 1914, p. 13. ProQuest Historical Newspapers, Ann Arbor Michigan; subscription access through The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Library. Retrieved June 8, 2020.