Sarh (Arabic: ساره), formerly French colonial Fort Archambault, is the capital of the Moyen-Chari Region and of the Department of Barh Köh in Chad.
Sarh
ساره | |
|---|---|
  Sarh Location in Chad (Moyen-Chari region highlighted) | |
| Coordinates: 09°09′N 18°23′E / 9.150°N 18.383°E | |
| Country |  Chad |
| Region | Moyen-Chari Region |
| Department | Barh Köh |
| Sub-Prefecture | Sarh |
| Elevation | 347 m (1,138 ft) |
| Population (2012) | |
• Total | 103,269 |
| Time zone | +1 |
History
editFort Archambault (Sarh) was founded by the colonial French Equatorial Africa, for returnees from the labour camps associated with the construction of the Congo-Ocean Railway. A significantly large textiles complex was constructed by the French in Sarh in 1967.
The residents of Sarh suffered a meningococcal meningitis epidemic in 1990.[1]
Geography
editSarh is located on the Chari River, 350 miles (560 km) southeast of the capital city N'Djamena. It was named after the Sara people of southern Chad.[2]
It is the third largest city in Chad, after N'Djamena and Moundou.
Climate
editLike other parts of southern Chad and the East Sudanian savanna, Sarh has a typical tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw), with a wet season and a dry season and the temperature being hot year-round. The average annual high temperature is 34.9 °C (94.8 °F), while the average annual low temperature is 20.9 °C (69.6 °F). The hottest time of year is from March to May, just before the wet season starts. March has the highest average high at 39.1 °C (102.4 °F), while the highest average low is 24.7 °C (76.5 °F) in April. August has the lowest average high at 30.6 °C (87.1 °F), while December has the lowest average low at 16.4 °C (61.5 °F).
Sarh receives 969.3 millimetres (38.16 in) of rain over 86 precipitation days, with a distinct wet and dry season like most tropical savanna climates. December receives no precipitation at all, with almost no rain falling from November to March. August, the wettest month, receives 243.7 millimetres (9.59 in) of rainfall on average. August also has 18 precipitation days on average, which is the most for any month. Humidity is much higher in the wet season than the dry season, with February having a humidity at 29% and August having a humidity at 82%. Sarh receives 2737.3 hours of sunshine annually on average, with the sunshine being distributed fairly evenly across the year, although it is lower during the wet season. December and January receive the most sunshine, while July receives the least.
| Climate data for Sarh (1991-2020, extremes 1931-present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 41.9 (107.4) |
44.0 (111.2) |
47.2 (117.0) |
44.0 (111.2) |
43.0 (109.4) |
39.8 (103.6) |
43.0 (109.4) |
38.5 (101.3) |
36.5 (97.7) |
42.0 (107.6) |
40.6 (105.1) |
40.5 (104.9) |
47.2 (117.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 36.1 (97.0) |
38.8 (101.8) |
40.2 (104.4) |
39.5 (103.1) |
36.6 (97.9) |
33.5 (92.3) |
31.7 (89.1) |
31.0 (87.8) |
32.0 (89.6) |
33.7 (92.7) |
36.1 (97.0) |
36.2 (97.2) |
35.4 (95.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.3 (79.3) |
29.3 (84.7) |
32.0 (89.6) |
32.6 (90.7) |
30.6 (87.1) |
28.3 (82.9) |
26.9 (80.4) |
26.3 (79.3) |
27.0 (80.6) |
28.0 (82.4) |
27.9 (82.2) |
26.5 (79.7) |
28.4 (83.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 16.6 (61.9) |
19.7 (67.5) |
23.8 (74.8) |
25.6 (78.1) |
24.5 (76.1) |
23.0 (73.4) |
22.2 (72.0) |
21.7 (71.1) |
21.9 (71.4) |
22.2 (72.0) |
19.5 (67.1) |
16.7 (62.1) |
21.3 (70.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 7.0 (44.6) |
9.5 (49.1) |
15.2 (59.4) |
16.0 (60.8) |
13.5 (56.3) |
13.0 (55.4) |
13.0 (55.4) |
12.0 (53.6) |
15.0 (59.0) |
16.7 (62.1) |
10.0 (50.0) |
10.0 (50.0) |
7.0 (44.6) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 0.1 (0.00) |
1.6 (0.06) |
9.5 (0.37) |
37.4 (1.47) |
82.1 (3.23) |
135.9 (5.35) |
234.4 (9.23) |
243.7 (9.59) |
165.5 (6.52) |
55.8 (2.20) |
3.3 (0.13) |
0.0 (0.0) |
969.3 (38.16) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 18 | 16 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 86 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 33 | 29 | 37 | 50 | 61 | 72 | 79 | 82 | 80 | 73 | 57 | 42 | 58 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 266.6 | 243.6 | 244.9 | 237.0 | 241.8 | 207.0 | 173.6 | 176.7 | 186.0 | 232.5 | 261.0 | 266.6 | 2,737.3 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 8.6 | 8.7 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 6.9 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 6.2 | 7.5 | 8.7 | 8.6 | 7.5 |
| Source 1: Météo Climat[3][4] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: World Meteorological Organization (rainy days),[5] NOAA (sun, humidity and precipitation)[6] | |||||||||||||
Economy
editSarh is now a major transport hub. It is served by the Sarh Airport (IATA airport code SRH).
It is a center for the cotton industry, due to its warm and seasonally wet climate. It is also an important center for commercial fishing in the Chari River.
The city is known as a center of nightlife in the region. Attractions in the city include the Sarh National Museum.
Demographics
edit| Year | Population[7] |
|---|---|
| 1993 | 75,496 |
| 2008 | 108,061 |
Education
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Sarh is home to various educational institutions:
High schools
editLycées−High schools include:
- Lycée Ahmed Mangué (public)
- Lycée-Collège Charles Lwanga (private, Catholic)
- Lycée-Collège Humanité (private, Baptist)
Universities
edit- IUSAES—Institut Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques et de l'Environnement de Sarh — a tertiary college, established in 1997.
- University of Sarh — a public university, established in 2010
- ISMEA—Institute of Science of Management and Economic Applied — founded by NGOs, established in 2008.
Twin towns—Sister cities
editSarh is twinned with:
Cherbourg-Octeville, France (since 2001)[8]
Notable people
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ Lengeler, C; Kessler, W; Daugla, D. "The 1990 meningococcal meningitis epidemic of Sarh (Chad): how useful was an earlier mass vaccination?". Acta Trop. 59: 211–22. doi:10.1016/0001-706x(95)00081-o. PMID 7572427.
- ^ Britannica Online Encyclopedia
- ^ "Météo Climat stats for Sarh 1991–2020". Météo Climat. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
- ^ "Station Sarh" (in French). Meteo Climat. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
- ^ "World Weather Information Service – Sarh". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
- ^ "Sarh Climate Normals 1961-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
- ^ World Gazetteer: Chad
- ^ "National Commission for Decentralised cooperation". Délégation pour l’Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministère des Affaires étrangères) (in French). Archived from the original on 2013-11-27. Retrieved 2013-12-26.