The four-digit toad or dwarf toad (Didynamipus sjostedti) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae.[1][3][4][5] It is found in Bioko (Equatorial Guinea), southwestern Cameroon, and southeastern Nigeria.[1][3] It is the only species in the genus Didynamipus.[4][6]
| Four-digit toad | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Bufonidae |
| Genus: | Didynamipus Andersson, 1903[2] |
| Species: | D. sjostedti
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| Binomial name | |
| Didynamipus sjostedti Andersson, 1903[2]
| |
| Synonyms[3] | |
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Etymology
editThe specific name sjostedti honours Bror Yngve Sjöstedt, a Swedish entomologist and ornithologist[7] who collected the type series.[2]
Description
editDidynamipus sjostedti are very small toads: males grow to 16 mm (0.6 in) and females to 19 mm (0.7 in) in snout–vent length. The snout is sharp in males but rounded in females; males also have a ridge on the top the snout that gives it an upturned appearance. The tympanum is absent. The hands and feet are reduced, with the two outer fingers and toes and the innermost toes present only as tubercles. No webbing is present. The dorsum is brown with lighter and darker mottling.[5]
Habitat and conservation
editDidynamipus sjostedti occur on forest edges and in clearings in moist forest at elevations of 200–1,200 m (660–3,940 ft) above sea level, often in mixed-sex and mixed-lifestage aggregations. They can occur both in leaf litter and perched atop low vegetation. Individuals found near terretrial egg masses suggest terrestrial breeding and direct development[1] (i.e., there is no free-living larval stage[8]).
This species appears to tolerate some habitat modification and has also been found in secondary forest and farmland, although it is still considered threatened by habitat loss primarily caused by agricultural expansion. It is known from inside or near several protected areas.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2017). "Didynamipus sjostedti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T54811A16272990. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T54811A16272990.en. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
- ^ a b c Andersson, L. G. (1903). "Neue Batrachier aus Kamerun, von den Herren Dr. Y. Sjöstedt und Dr. R. Jungner gesammelt". Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. 53: 141–145.
- ^ a b c Frost, Darrel R. (2022). "Didynamipus sjostedti Andersson, 1903". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
- ^ a b "Bufonidae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. 2022. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
- ^ a b Channing, Allan & Rödel, Mark-Oliver (2019). Field Guide to the Frogs & other Amphibians of Africa. Cape Town: Struik Nature. p. 94. ISBN 978-1-77584-512-6.
- ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2022). "Didynamipus Andersson, 1903". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
- ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael & Grayson, Michael (2013). The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians. Pelagic Publishing. p. 199. ISBN 978-1-907807-42-8.
- ^ Vitt, Laurie J. & Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. p. 166.
