Franklin (Frank) William Stahl (born October 8, 1929) is an American molecular biologist and geneticist. With Matthew Meselson, Stahl conducted the famous Meselson-Stahl experiment showing that DNA is replicated by a semiconservative mechanism, meaning that each strand of the DNA serves as a template for production of a new strand.
Franklin William Stahl | |
|---|---|
| Born | October 8, 1929 Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Harvard University (BA) University of Rochester (PhD) |
| Known for | Meselson-Stahl experiment |
| Awards | American Academy of Arts and Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, American Academy of Microbiology, Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal, and others |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Molecular biology Genetics |
| Institutions | University of Missouri, University of Oregon |
| Academic advisors | Giuseppe Bertani |
He is Emeritus Professor of Biology[1] at the University of Oregon's Institute of Molecular Biology in Eugene, Oregon.
Career
editStahl, like his two older sisters, graduated from the public schools of Needham, a Boston suburb. In 1951, he was awarded an AB degree in biology from Harvard College, and matriculated in the biology department of the University of Rochester. His interest in genetics was cemented in 1952 by his introduction to bacterial viruses (phages) in a course taught by A. H. (Gus) Doermann at the Cold Spring Harbor Biological Laboratory. In 1956, he received a PhD in biology for his work with Doermann on the genetics of T4 phage. In 1955, he undertook postdoctoral studies with Giuseppe Bertani (in the Phage group) at Caltech (Pasadena) with the aim of learning some bacterial genetics. He subsequently turned his attentions to collaborations with Charley Steinberg and Matt Meselson. With Steinberg, he undertook mathematical analyses of T4 growth, mutation, and genetic recombination. With Meselson, he studied DNA replication in Escherichia coli. That study produced strong support for the semiconservative model proposed by Jim Watson and Francis Crick.[2]
For one year, Stahl served on the zoology faculty at the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri before accepting, in 1959, a position in the new Institute of Molecular Biology at the University of Oregon in Eugene. In the succeeding years, his research involved the phages T4 and Lambda and the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with his primary focus on genetic recombination. He taught various genetics courses at Oregon and presented phage courses in America, Italy and India. He undertook sabbatical studies in Cambridge, UK, Edinburgh, Jerusalem, and Cambridge, Massachusetts.[2]
Stahl's research was undertaken in association with numerous colleagues, especially his long-term associates Jean M. Crasemann (1921–1992), Mary M. Stahl (1935–1996), and Henriette (Jette) M. Foss (1937–date).[2] Since his retirement in 2001, he lives with Jette and four llamas in Eugene, where he continues to submit research papers and participates in University of Oregon governance.
Personal life
editStahl and his wife Mary (married in 1955) raised two boys and a girl. Surviving are Andy Stahl, a forester and political activist, and Emily Morgan, a hairdresser and shop owner. With his partner, Jette, he shares five children (plus spouses) and eight grandchildren, of whom five are adopted.[2]
Experimental contributions
editIn bacteria:
- With M. Meselson, the demonstration of semiconservative DNA replication.[3]
In phage T4:
- With H. Foss and others, demonstrations of genetic linkage circularity and its relation to genetic heterozygosis.[4]
- With N. Murray and others, the determination, by genetic methods, of the direction of mRNA synthesis on cotranscribed pairs of genes.[5]
In Lambda:
- With M. Stahl and others, the discovery and analysis of the genetic element, Chi, that stimulates nearby genetic recombination in bacteria.[6]
- With M. Stahl and others, the mutual dependence of DNA replication and genetic recombination.[7] These studies utilized the method of density gradient centrifugation that was developed for the test of the semiconservative model of DNA replication.
In Yeast:
- With H. Foss and others, the demonstration of two functional pathways for genetic recombination in wild-type budding yeast.[8]
Theoretical contributions
edit- With C. Steinberg, formulations of phage growth, recombination and mutation.[9]
- With J. Szostak and others, the interpretation of genetic recombination in terms of the repair of double-strand DNA breaks.[10]
- With R. Lande, E. Housworth and others, mathematical formalizations of recombination in higher organisms.[11][12][13]
Selected honors
edit1997- Fellow, American Academy of Microbiology
1996 Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal (from Genetics Society of America)
1986- Associate Member EMBO
1985- American Cancer Society Research Professor
1985-1990 MacArthur Fellow
1981- Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1976- Member, National Academy of Sciences
1975-76; 1985-1986 Guggenheim Fellow
1969-70 NIH Special Postdoctoral Fellowship
Honorary Doctor of Science: Oakland University and University of Rochester
References
edit- ^ http://www.molbio.uoregon.edu/facres/stahl.html Archived September 7, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c d Drake, J W (January 1997). "The 1996 Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal Franklin W. Stahl". Genetics. 145 (1): 1–2. doi:10.1093/genetics/145.1.1. PMC 1207768. PMID 9017382.
- ^ Meselson, M., and F.W. Stahl, 1958 The replication of DNA in Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 44: 671-682.
- ^ Stahl, F.W., 1968 Role of recombination in the life cycle of bacteriophage T4. In "Replication and Recombination of Genetic Material," Australian Academy of Science, Canberra, pp. 206-215.
- ^ Stahl, F.W., J. M. Crasemann, C. Yegian, M. M. Stahl and A. Nakata, 1970 Co-transcribed cistrons in bacteriophage T4. Genetics 64: 157-170.
- ^ Stahl, F.W., 2005 Chi: a little sequence controls a big enzyme. A Perspective. Genetics 170: 487-493.
- ^ Stahl, F. W., 1998 Recombination in phage : one geneticist's historical perspective. Gene 223: 95-102.
- ^ Stahl, F. W. and H. M. Foss, 2010 A two-pathway analysis of meiotic crossing over and gene conversion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 186: 515–536.
- ^ Steinberg, C. and F. Stahl, 1958 The theory of formal phage genetics. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 23, 42-46.
- ^ Szostak, J., T. L. Orr-Weaver, R. J. Rothstein and F.W. Stahl, 1983 The double-strand-break repair model for recombination. Cell 33: 25-35.
- ^ Foss, E., R. Lande, F. W. Stahl, and C.M. Steinberg, 1993 Chiasma interference as a function of genetic distance. Genetics 133: 681-691.
- ^ Stahl, F. W., and E. A. Housworth, 2009 Methods for analysis of crossover interference in S. cerevisiae. Methods Molec. Biol. 557: 35-53.
- ^ Stahl, F., 2012 Defining and detecting crossover-interference mutants in yeast. PLoS ONE 7(6): e38476. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038476.
External links
edit- Franklin Stahl in the Encyclopædia Britannica
- Franklin Stahl at DNAi.org
- Franklin Stahl at the University of Oregon
- Animation of the Meselson-Stahl Experiment from the Dolan DNA Learning Center
- Description of the Meselson-Stahl Experiment written by Nathan H. Lents, including original data from Visionlearning