František Xaver Brixi (2 January 1732 – 14 October 1771) was a Czech classical composer of the 18th century. His first name is sometimes given by reference works in its Germanic form, Franz.
František Brixi | |
|---|---|
| Born | 2 January 1732 Prague |
| Died | 14 October 1771 (aged 39) Prague |
| Occupation | Classical composer |
| Father | Šimon Brixi |
Biography
editBrixi was born in Prague,[1] the son of composer Šimon Brixi.[2] He received his musical education at the Piarist Gymnasium in Kosmonosy.[1] His teachers included Václav Kalous, a significant composer himself.[2]
In 1749 Brixi left Kosmonosy and returned to Prague, where he worked as an organist at several churches.[2] In 1759 he was appointed regens chori (choir director) and Kapellmeister of St. Vitus Cathedral, thus attaining, at age 27, the highest musical position in the city;[a][1] this office he held till his early death. He wrote some 290 church works (of the most varied type), cantatas and oratorios, chamber compositions, and orchestral compositions. He was a prolific composer of music for the liturgy, and wrote more than 100 masses,[4] vespers and motets, among others. He also composed secular music such as oratorios and incidental music, concertos and symphonies.[5][6][7] His organ concertos, which have been recorded several times each, are his best-known pieces today.
Brixi died of tuberculosis in Prague in 1771, at the age of 39.[1]
Style
editBrixi was an important composer at the junction between the Baroque and Classical periods.[7] Brixi's style is distinguished from that of his contemporaries by its fresh melodic writing, vivacious rhythm and lively bass lines, and from that of his predecessors by its simple yet effective instrumentation. During his lifetime his music was widely disseminated in Bohemia and Moravia.[6]
Influence
editBrixi's music made Prague's people receptive for Mozart's music (where Mozart was in high esteem even during times where he was shunned elsewhere).[7]
Compositions
editBrixi composed 500 works, in which sacred music dominated.[1] None of his compositions were published during Brixi's lifetime.[6]
Source:[8]
- Missa di Gloria in D major (c.1758)
- Missa integra in D minor
- Missa brevis in C major for soloists, choir orchestra and organ
- Missa aulica in C major
- Missa pastoralis in C major
- Missa pastoralis in D major
- Missa solemnis in D major for soloists, choir, orchestra and organ
- Missa Dominicalis in C major
- 8 Organ Concertos
- Viola Concerto in C major
- Sinfonia in D major
- Oratorio Opus patheticum de septem doloribus Beatae Mariae Virginis
- Oratorio Crux morientis Jesu Christi
- Oratorio Filius Prodigus (Osek 1755)
- Oratorio Judas Iscariothes – Oratorium pro die sacro Parasceves (Osek c.1770)
- Litanie de seto Benedieto
- Confiteor tibi Domine
- Bitevní sinfonie
- Fuga in A minor
- Pastoral in C major
- Preludium In C major
- Regina coeli
Notes
edit- ^ In the second half of the 18th century, the ensemble at St. Vitus Cathedral consisted of nine secular choralists, nine psalm-singing priests, 32 permanent musicians and six bonifants.[clarification needed][3]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Roßbach, Judith. "Komponistenportrait Franz Xaver Brixi". Erzbistum Köln (in German). Retrieved 5 June 2022.
- ^ a b c "Frantisek Xaver Brixi (1732–1771), ein hierzulande weitgehend unbekannter Meister". Kirchenmusik in Benediktbeuern (in German). 3 September 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2024.
- ^ Dahmen, Hrosvith (5 March 2013). "Zur Prager-Dresdner Kirchenmusik unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Messen von František Xaver Brixi". Musiconn Publish (in German). Retrieved 22 June 2024. (PDF)
- ^ Ostermann, Karlheinz (2002). Franz Xaver Brixi / Missa brevis in C / Missa aulica (PDF). Carus-Verlag. p. 4.
- ^ Hägele, Friedrich (2004). Franz Xaver Brixi (1732–1771) / Missa brevis in C. Dr. J. Butz.
- ^ a b c "Franz Xaver Brixi". Chor der Jesuitenkirche Mannheim (in German). Retrieved 5 June 2022.
- ^ a b c "Franz Xaver Brixi – böhmischer Komponist zwischen Barock und Klassik". Radio Prague International (in German). 5 January 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
- ^ "Brixi". Schott Music (in German). Retrieved 5 June 2022.
Further reading
edit- Novák, Vladimir (1969). "Zur Katalogisierung von Werken der Familie Brixi". Die Musikforschung. 22 (3). Bärenreiter: 335–337. ISSN 0027-4801. JSTOR 23230930.
- Novák, Vladimir (24 October 2022). "Brixi family". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.04019. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.
- "Brixi". MGG Online. 31 May 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
- "Brixi, František Xaver". Česká Divadelní Encyklopedie (in Czech). 5 June 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
- "ALO docView – 02 Biographisches Lexikon des Kaisertums Österreich (1857)". Austrian Literature Online (in German). Retrieved 5 June 2022.
External links
edit- "František Xaver Brixi", (in Czech)
- Free scores by František Brixi in the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
- Free scores by František Xaver Brixi at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
