1802 French constitutional referendum
A referendum ratifying the new constitution of the Consulate, which made Napoleon Bonaparte First Consul for life, was held on 10 May 1802. The question asked to the voters was: "Should Napoleon Bonaparte be consul for life?".[1] Out of an electorate of 7 million, 3,653,600 voted in favor, and 8,374 voted against.[2]
There was no secret ballot, with voters having to record their vote next to their name in registers of votes, thus forcing the opponents of Bonaparte to register themselves and to face potential police harassment.[1] Nevertheless, turnout increased by over 8 percentage points compared to the 1800 French constitutional referendum, with an additional 2.1 million voters voting yes at the ballot.[1][3] Given the turnout, the 1802 referendum is regarded as a success for the Napoleonic regime.[4]
| Vote | % of votes | Votes |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | 99.77% | 3,653,600 |
| No | 0.23% | 8,374 |
| Total | 100% |
| No : 8,374 (0.23%) |
Yes : 3,653,600 (99.77%) | ||
| ▲ | |||
References
edit- ^ a b c Lyons, Martyn (28 June 1994). Napoleon Bonaparte and the Legacy of the French Revolution. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 112–113. ISBN 978-1-349-23436-3.
- ^ Bertaud, Jean-Paul (2021), "Chapitre 3. La marche à l'Empire (1802-1804)", Le Consulat et l'Empire, Cursus (in French), vol. 3e éd., Paris: Armand Colin, pp. 47–60, ISBN 978-2-200-63065-2, retrieved 17 February 2024
- ^ Qvortrup, Matt (16 March 2020). Nationalism, Referendums and Democracy: Voting on Ethnic Issues and Independence. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-04493-5.
- ^ Bourguet-Rouveyre, Josiane (1 December 2006). "La survivance d'un système électoral sous le Consulat et l'Empire". Annales historiques de la Révolution française (in French) (346): 17–29. doi:10.4000/ahrf.7473. ISSN 0003-4436.