Kiekie [1](Freycinetia banksii) is a densely branched, brittle, woody climber native to New Zealand. It is a member of the screwpalm family Pandanaceae. Its Māori name is cognate with the Hawaiian ʻieʻie from Proto-Oceanic *kiRekiRe for Freycinetia in general.[2]
| Kiekie | |
|---|---|
| |
| Kiekie climbing a Kohekohe tree | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Pandanales |
| Family: | Pandanaceae |
| Genus: | Freycinetia |
| Species: | F. banksii
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| Binomial name | |
| Freycinetia banksii | |
| Synonyms | |
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Kiekie has numerous cane-like stems up to 40 mm in diameter, which freely produce aerial roots. It climbs tree trunks, or forms dense tangles on the forest floor. Its stems and leaves are a dominant feature in many areas of New Zealand forest, the stems eventually reaching up to 30 m long. The leaves are long and slender, 60–90 cm long and 2-2.5 cm broad.
Distribution
editKiekie is found in forests throughout the North Island. In the South Island, kiekie is more common in higher rainfall areas, reaching its southern limit near the Clarence river in the east and in Fiordland in the west.
Classification
editIn 1973, B.C. Stone argued that F. banksii should be regarded as a subspecies of F. baueriana of Norfolk Island (Stone 1973). Subsequent to this, de Lange et al. (2005:591-592), countered Stone's arguments and retained F. banksii as a distinct species because of significant differences from F. baueriana, including over all growth habit, phyllotaxis, leaf width, vein tessellation, and bract colour (salmon pink to orange in F. baueriana, white to purplish in F. banksii).
Uses
editThe sweet-tasting fruits and the succulent flower bracts (tāwhara) were a delicacy of the Māori. These were often gathered by using a forked stick. The leaves widely for plaiting and weaving, although the broader leaves of New Zealand flax were preferred because they provided more material. Kiekie was preferred for closely woven items, tukutuku, [3] such as kete pūtea and kete pure.[4] Items woven included mats and temporary baskets for holding food. The aerial roots were gathered to use as a binding material for implements and for making fish traps and sandals.
See also
edit- ʻIeʻie, a related Hawaiian species
References
edit
- ^ Chitham, Karl (2019). Crafting Aotearoa : a cultural history of making in New Zealand and the wider Moana Oceania. Kolokesa Uafā Māhina-Tuai, Damian Skinner, Rigel Sorzano. Wellington, New Zealand: Te Papa Press. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-9941362-7-5. OCLC 1118996645.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ "*Kiekie". Te Māra Reo. Benson Family Trust. Retrieved Aug 24, 2024.
- ^ Chitham, Karl (2019). Crafting Aotearoa : a cultural history of making in New Zealand and the wider Moana Oceania. Kolokesa Uafā Māhina-Tuai, Damian Skinner, Rigel Sorzano. Wellington, New Zealand: Te Papa Press. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-9941362-7-5. OCLC 1118996645.
- ^ Mckendry, Lisa (2020). "Māori archaeological textiles: a structural analysis of Māori raranga 'woven' basketry from the Waitakere Ranges in Auckland Museum". Records of the Auckland Museum. 55: 19–28. doi:10.32912/RAM.2020.55.2. ISSN 1174-9202. JSTOR 27008990. S2CID 229659991. Wikidata Q106827316.
- "Freycinetia banksii". New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
- Benjamin C. Stone (1973). "Materials for a Monograph of Freycinetia Gaudich. XIV. On the relation between F. banksii A. Cunn. of New Zealand and F. baueriana Endl. of Norfolk Island, with notes on the structure of the seeds". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 11 (2): 241–246. doi:10.1080/0028825X.1973.10430276.
- P. J. de Lange; R. O. Gardner; W. R. Sykes; et al. (2005). "Vascular flora of Norfolk Island: some additions and taxonomic notes". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 43 (2): 563–596. doi:10.1080/0028825X.2005.9512975. S2CID 83650093.