Fritz Maria Josef Dietrich (6 August 1898 – 22 October 1948) was an Austrian SS officer and member of the Nazi Party. He held a doctoral degree in chemistry and physics.[1][2] His name is also seen as Emil Dietrich.[3] After the war, Dietrich was tried as a war criminal by the Dachau Military Tribunal for ordering the killings of 7 American prisoners of war. He was found guilty of these murders and executed.
Fritz Dietrich | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Fritz Maria Josef Dietrich 6 August 1898 |
| Died | 22 October 1948 (aged 50) |
| Cause of death | Execution by hanging |
| Known for | Liepāja massacres |
| Political party | Nazi Party |
| Criminal status | Executed |
| Motive | Nazism |
| Conviction(s) | War crimes |
| Trial | Dachau trials |
| Criminal penalty | Death |
| SS career | |
| Allegiance |  Nazi Germany |
| Service |  Schutzstaffel |
| Years of service | 1936–1945 |
| Rank | Obersturmbannführer |
It is now known that Dietrich was responsible for organizing the Liepāja massacres, in which over 5,000 Jewish men, women, and children were massacred by the Germans and Latvian collaborators. Lesser numbers of Roma, Communists, and mentally ill people were also killed.
Nazi war crimes
editAfter school, Dietrich fought in World War I. He then completed a degree in chemistry, which he completed with a doctorate. In 1930, Dietrich became involved in Nazi Party. Dietrich joined the Nazi Party in 1933, and the SS in 1936. In 1934, he played a leading role in the July Putsch.[4]
In 1941 Dietrich held the rank of SS-Obersturmbannführer. From September 1941 to November 1943 he served as the local SS and police chief in Liepāja (Libau in German), Latvia. Police units under his command carried out a number of massacres of civilians in Liepāja, for the most part of Jewish ethnicity. The largest of the Liepāja massacres took place over three days from December 15 to December 17, 1941. On December 13, the newspaper Kurzemes Vārds published an order by Dietrich which required all Jews in the city to remain in their residences on Monday, December 15 and December 16, 1941, thus facilitating the killing operations.[5]
From April 1944 to the end of the war, Dietrich was the police chief of Saarbrücken.[6]
War crimes trial
editAfter World War II, Dietrich was not prosecuted for his actions in Latvia, which were not known at the time. Instead, he was tried by an American military court for ordering the executions of seven downed American airmen who had parachuted from disabled airplanes. The men had been killed after surrendering.[7] He was found guilty and sentenced to death. In 1948, Dietrich was hanged at Landsberg Prison, coincidentally the same prison where Hitler had been incarcerated for his involvement in the Beer Hall Putsch of 1923.[8] The trials of Dietrich and others were known as the "Flyers Cases" and were part of what has since become known as the Dachau Trials for war crimes.
When asked if he had any last words, Dietrich showed a lack of remorse:
"In the conviction that my death for my passionately beloved fatherland, for which I worked and fought my entire life, will ultimately be of service, I go this last walk of sacrifice with a proud heart because I know that my sacrifice will contribute to fill the measure of suffering that has been imposed by a cruel victor over the German people without compelling reason."[9]
Notes
edit- ^ Klee, Ernst; Dressen, Willi; Riess, Volker, eds. (1991). "The Good Old Days" -- The Holocaust as Seen by its Perpetrators and Bystanders. Translation by Deborah Burnstone. New York City: MacMillan. p. 290. ISBN 0-02-917425-2.
- ^ Klee, Ernst (2011). Das Personen Lexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945? (in German). Koblenz: Edition Kramer. p. 110. ISBN 978-398114834-3.
- ^ Ezergailis 1996, p. 288.
- ^ Bundesarchiv R 9361-III/521320
- ^ Ezergailis 1996, pp. 296–4.
- ^ vgl. Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich, Frankfurt am Main 2007, S. 110
- ^ "Nazi Crimes on Trial". www.expostfacto.nl. Retrieved 2024-02-27.
- ^ Friedmann, Jan (23 June 2010). "Adolf Hitler's Time in Jail. Flowers for the Führer in Landsberg Prison". Spiegel Online.
- ^ Kellenbach, Katharina von (2013-07-25). The Mark of Cain: Guilt and Denial in the Post-War Lives of Nazi Perpetrators. OUP USA. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-19-993745-5.
References
edit- Ezergailis, Andrew (1996). The Holocaust in Latvia 1941-1944—The Missing Center. Riga: Historical Institute of Latvia and USMM. ISBN 9984-9054-3-8.