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Authenticity and Development Front

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The Authenticity and Development Front (Arabic: جبهة الأصالة والتنمية; Jabhat al-'asalah wa'l-tanmiyah) is an alliance of rebel groups that is active during the Syrian Civil War. The alliance is considered to be moderate by Charles Lister (from Middle East Institute)[10] and the BBC.[11]

Authenticity and Development Front
جبهة الأصالة والتنمية[1]
Jabhat al-'asalah wa'l-tanmiyah
LeadersKhalid al-Hamad [1]
Dates of operationNovember 2012 – present[2]
Group(s)Unification Army[3]
Lions of the East Army (Former)[4]
The White Shroud
Active regions
IdeologyIslamism[6]
Part of Mujahideen Shura Council (2014–2015)
Syrian National Army
Allies Turkey
Tahrir al-Sham
Jaysh al-Islam
Ahrar al-Sham
Saraya Ahl al-Sham
Opponents Syrian Arab Armed Forces
 Iran
 Russia
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant[7]
Hezbollah
PFLP-GC
Syrian Democratic Forces
Battles and warsSyrian Civil War

Background

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The coalition includes Islamists, military defectors, and former civilians.[6][12][13] Although the alliance uses Syrian independence flags and symbols, it does not identify itself as part of the Free Syrian Army.[14] One of the groups involved was the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement, which was also part of the Army of Mujahideen,[6] though the Army of Mujahideen announced on 4 May 2014 that the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement had withdrawn from the coalition.[15] The Authenticity and Development Front operated American-made BGM-71 TOW anti-tank missiles captured from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.[16]

Member Groups

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Current

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  • The White Shroud
  • Army of Tawhid[17]
    • Tajamuu Alwiyat al-Iman Billah
    • Liwa Hamah al-Aqidah
    • Tajamuu Jund al-Badr Brigade 313
    • Lions of Islam Brigade
    • Talbisah Brigade
    • Falcons of Talbisah Brigade
    • Muawiyah Ibn Abi Sufyan Brigade
    • Sword of Islam Battalion
    • Tajamuu Alwiyat wa Kataib Suyuf al-Haq
  • Battalions of the People of Impact[18]
  • Abd Al-Rahman Battalions[19]
  • Miqdad Bin al-Aswad Battalion[20]
  • Division 60
  • Jund al-Sham[21]

Former Groups

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "The Non-State Militant Landscape in Syria". Combating Terrorism Center. 27 August 2013. Archived from the original on 15 May 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
  2. ^ Sinjab, Lina (17 October 2013). "Syria crisis: Guide to armed and political opposition". BBC. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
  3. ^ "Northern Homs based rebel group joins Authenticity and Development Front". Archived from the original on 2017-08-07. Retrieved 2017-05-22.
  4. ^ "The Authenticity and Development front cuts all of its ties with the New Syrian Army. | en.deirezzor24.net". Archived from the original on 2018-09-02. Retrieved 2018-09-02.
  5. ^ "Analysis: Insurgents launch major offensive against Assad regime in Hama province - FDD's Long War Journal". FDD's Long War Journal. 24 March 2017.
  6. ^ a b c "The Mujahedeen Army of Aleppo". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 8 April 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
  7. ^ "ثوار القلمون يطردون تنظيم "الدولة" من مناطق جديدة". الدرر الشامية. 15 March 2015.
  8. ^ Image malcolmxtreme.files.wordpress.com [better source needed]
  9. ^ "جبهة الأصالة والتنمية كتائب أهل الأثر جانب من مشاركتنا في عملية #غصن_الزيتون عفرين". YouTube.
  10. ^ Charles Lister, Yes, there are 70,000 moderate opposition fighters in Syria. Here’s what we know about them Archived 2016-10-24 at the Wayback Machine, The Spectator, 27 November 2015
  11. ^ Guide to the Syrian rebels, BBC, 13 December 2013
  12. ^ "The Levant Front: Can Aleppo's Rebels Unite?". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 26 December 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
  13. ^ "The Fighting in Abu Kamal (Albukamal): Background and Analysis". Brown Moses Blog. 12 April 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
  14. ^ "The Factions of Abu Kamal". Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi. 18 December 2013. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
  15. ^ "Jeish al-Mujahideen Charter – Comment and Translation". Goha's Nail. 4 May 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
  16. ^ "THE MODERATE REBELS: A GROWING LIST OF VETTED GROUPS FIELDING BGM-71 TOW ANTI-TANK GUIDED MISSILES". Hasan Mustafas. 5 August 2015.
  17. ^ Image twimg.com [better source needed]
  18. ^ جبهة الأصالةوالتنمية [@alasalawatanmya] (27 February 2018). "#جبهة_الأصالة_والتنمية #كتائب_أهل_الأثر https://t.co/mYc9xbXZYp" (Tweet) (in Arabic). Retrieved 31 December 2020 – via Twitter.
  19. ^ جبهة الأصالةوالتنمية [@alasalawatanmya] (26 April 2017). "#جبهة_الأصالة_والتنمية #كتائب_عباد_الرحمن https://t.co/yXLeej74mL" (Tweet) (in Arabic). Retrieved 31 December 2020 – via Twitter.
  20. ^ Image twimg.com [better source needed]
  21. ^ Image Archived 2019-10-20 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ "Mesopotamische Gesellschaft « the White Shroud: A Syrian Resistance Movement to the Islamic State / By Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi".
  23. ^ "Key Updates on Albukamal (Abu Kamal)".
  24. ^ "Syrian Civil War factions".
  25. ^ Al-Tamimi, Aymenn Jawad (18 December 2013). "The Factions of Abu Kamal". Middle East Forum. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
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