Wikipedia

Heckler & Koch G36

(Redirected from G36C)

The Heckler & Koch G36 (Gewehr 36) is an assault rifle designed in the early 1990s by German weapons manufacturer Heckler & Koch. It is chambered in 5.56×45mm NATO, and replaced the heavier G3 battle rifle chambered in 7.62×51mm.[1] The G36 was accepted into service with the Bundeswehr in 1997.[2] Since then, it has been a popular export, and has seen active service in military and police units in several countries, including Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom. The G36 is gas-operated and feeds from a 30-round detachable box magazine or 100-round C-Mag drum magazine.[1]

Heckler & Koch G36
The HK G36
TypeAssault rifle
Place of originGermany
Service history
In service1997–present
Used by40+ countries (see Users)
WarsSee Conflicts
Production history
DesignerHeckler & Koch
Designed1990–1995
ManufacturerHeckler & Koch
Santa Bárbara Sistemas
Military Industries Corporation
Produced1996–present
No. built260,000+
VariantsSee Variants
Specifications
Mass3.63 kg (8.00 lb)
Length999 mm (39.3 in) stock extended / 758 mm (29.8 in) stock folded
Barrel length
  • 480 mm (18.9 in)
  • 318 mm (12.5 in)
  • 228 mm (9.0 in)
Width64 mm (2.5 in)
Height320 mm (12.6 in)
Cartridge5.56×45mm NATO
ActionShort-stroke piston, closed rotating bolt
Rate of fire750 rounds/min
Muzzle velocity920 m/s (3,018 ft/s)
Effective firing range600 metres (660 yd)
Maximum firing range2,860 metres (3,130 yd)
Feed system30-round proprietary detachable box magazine
100-round C-Mag drum magazine
STANAG magazines (with optional adaptor)
SightsReflex sight with 1× magnification, telescopic sight with 3× magnification (export version has a 1.5× magnified sight) and back-up fixed notch sight
Picatinny rails for various optics (later models)

In 2012, the G36 was found to suffer from significant accuracy issues due to thermal expansion of the barrel, prompting a search for a replacement.[3] In 2017, the Bundeswehr launched the System Sturmgewehr Bundeswehr, a program designed to field a replacement for the G36. The weapons put forth were the Heckler & Koch HK416, Heckler & Koch HK433, and the Haenel MK 556. The G95A1 and G95KA1, both variants of the HK416, were selected in 2022.

History

edit

Development

edit

In the 1970s, arms manufacturers in Germany began work on a successor for the G3 rifle, resulting in the creation of the 4.73mm G11 assault rifle (developed jointly by a group of companies led by Heckler & Koch) that used caseless ammunition (designed by Dynamit Nobel). This weapon was intended to replace the G3, therefore further development of Heckler & Koch's series of firearms chambered for the 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge had been halted. Heckler & Koch, having no incentive to pursue a new 5.56mm weapon system, was content with the export-oriented HK33 and G41 rifles. However, the G11 program came to an abrupt end when the Bundeswehr cancelled its procurement due to defence budget cuts resulting from the unification of East and West Germany, and Heckler & Koch's 1991 acquisition by British Aerospace's Royal Ordnance division (known today as BAE Systems).

Increasing demand for a modern service rifle chambered in the NATO-standard 5.56mm cartridge led Heckler & Koch to offer the German armed forces the G41 rifle, which, too, was rejected. Design work was initiated on a completely novel, modern 5.56mm assault rifle; it would later be designated Project 50 or HK50.[2] During testing, prototypes were rated higher than the Austrian competition (the Steyr AUG system).[2] The final version of the G36 was completed in 1995, and production began in 1996. The G36C was first adopted as the standard-issue rifle of US special forces unit TF23.[when?]

Production

edit

The HK50 rifle was selected for service and an initial order was placed for 33,000 rifles under the Bundeswehr designation Gewehr G36. The order included an option for a further 17,000 rifles. Deliveries were first made to the Bundeswehr's NATO Quick Reaction Force during quarter four of 1997. The G36's production line was started in early 1996.

In July 1998, it was announced that the G36 had been selected as the service rifle for the Spanish Armed Forces, replacing the Spanish-designed 5.56mm CETME Model L and LC rifles.[4] Deliveries started at the end of 1999. From 1999 to 2005, 75,219 rifles were manufactured in Spain under license by General Dynamics' Santa Bárbara Sistemas at the Fábrica de Armas de La Coruña (FACOR) facility in Coruña, Galicia.

The rifle has been licensed for local production in Saudi Arabia by the Military Industries Corporation (MIC).[5][6] Technology transfer was granted by Germany to Saudi Arabia on 30 June 2008.[7][8] The first Saudi-made G36 was produced at MIC's factory on 30 June 2009.[8] However, some components of their own G36s are supplied by Heckler & Koch.[7]

Replacement

edit

In April 2012, reports surfaced that G36 rifles used in Afghanistan would overheat during prolonged firefights after several hundred rounds were fired. Overheating affected the accuracy of the G36, making it difficult to hit targets past 100 metres, ineffective past 200 metres, and incapable of effective fire past 300 metres. The G36 has been called unsuitable for long battles. Operational commanders advised allowing the weapon to cool between periods of rapid shooting.[9][10][11]

In February 2014, the German Federal Ministry of Defence announced that the overheating deficiencies of the G36 were not a result of weapon design, but of the ammunition. A report by the Bundeswehr on 21 February 2014 revealed that the issues were not the fault of the rifle, but that one manufacturer of ammunition was making bullets with copper-plated jackets that were too thin.[12][13][better source needed] The manufacturer of the ammunition confirmed this,[14] although experts disagreed, and also said the accuracy problems were already known to the defence ministry by 2010.[15]

On 22 June 2014, it was reported that Germany's defense ministry had temporarily halted new orders worth €34 million ($45 million) over accuracy concerns for the rifle. The Bundeswehr consulted the Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics (Ernst Mach Institut) and the Federal Criminal Police Office.[16] On 30 March 2015, Minister of Defence Ursula von der Leyen told Associated Press that the weight-saving design was the root of the issues.[17] This was based on a letter from Inspector General Volker Wieker advising the Stewards of Defence and Budget Committee of the Bundestag and the troops in advance of publication of the report.[18][19] The report was released by the Fraunhofer Ernst Mach Institut and Wehrtechnische Dienststelle 91 on 19 April 2015. According to their 372-page report, the observed hit rate of the predominantly plastic weapon with the unsupported free-floating barrel drops down to a mere 7% at 100 metres when the temperature increases by 30 °C (86 °F) or more, whereas the Bundeswehr required a hit rate of 90% at that distance.[20][21]

On 22 April 2015, von der Leyen announced that the G36 would be phased out of the German army due to these concerns and stated that "The Heckler & Koch G36 has no future in the German army in its current state of construction."[22] Von der Leyen considered the weapon to be useless[23] and stated that the German military would stop using an assault rifle that could not shoot straight when temperatures increased or the rifle heated up during a firefight.[24]

In 2016, the Ministry of Defence attempted to sue Heckler & Koch, saying they were legally obligated to repair the subpar G36 rifles. Because the Bundeswehr did not make its specifications for the weapon clear enough in the beginning of the procurement process,[25][3] the District Court of Koblenz rejected claims from the Bundeswehr procurement office, and ruled that Heckler & Koch did not have to pay damages on the 167,000 rifles still in use out of more than 176,000 G36 rifles Germany had originally purchased.[26]

The Bundeswehr began the System Sturmgewehr Bundeswehr (Bundeswehr Assault Rifle System) effort to replace the G36 in 2017. Initially, C.G. Haenel won the competition in September 2020 offering their Haenel MK 556. However, German authorities cancelled the contract the next month amid allegations that the MK 556 infringed on Heckler and Koch patents, and the G95A1 (known as the HK416 A8 during field testing) was selected in early 2021. Haenel sued to attempt to reverse the decision, but a German court dismissed the lawsuit in June 2022. In December 2022, the Bundestag approved initial funding to begin procuring the rifles. The Bundeswehr expected to purchase 118,718 rifles, designated G95A1 (with a 16.5 in (420 mm) barrel) and G95KA1 (with a shorter 14 in (360 mm) barrel). Fielding is planned to start in 2024.[27][28]

Design details

edit

The G36 is chambered in 5.56×45mm NATO and fires from a closed rotary bolt. The rifle body has a conventional layout and a modular component design. While modifications can vary, all G36 variants share an identical receiver, buttstock assembly, bolt carrier group, return mechanism, and guide rod. The receiver contains the barrel, carry handle with integrated sights, trigger group with pistol grip, handguard and magazine socket.

The G36 employs a free-floating barrel, meaning the barrel does not make contact with the handguard. The barrel is fastened to the receiver with a special nut, which can be removed with a wrench. The barrel is forged using a cold hammer process. It features a chrome-lined bore with 6 right-hand grooves and a 1 in 178 mm (1:7 in) rifling twist rate. The barrel features a collar and lug permitting attachment of a bayonet; it can also be used to attach rifle grenades and a flash suppressor.[citation needed]

Features

edit

Fire selector

edit

The fire and safety selector is ambidextrous and has controls on both sides of the receiver; this feature is inherited from the design of the original G3. Selector settings are described with letters: "S"—safe ("Sicher"), "E"—semi-automatic fire ("Einzelfeuer") and "F"—automatic fire ("Feuerstoß").[2] The three-position fire selector has a 0°/45°/90° rotation pattern between the settings. HK offers several other trigger options, including the "Navy" trigger group with illustrated pictograms for each setting. An exclusively semi-automatic trigger is also available.

Magazine

edit

The G36 uses a proprietary 30-round magazine moulded with translucent shock-resistant plastic. The sides have interlocking studs that allow the magazines to be attached jungle-style.

An empty G36 magazine weighs 127 g (4.5 oz), while a fully loaded magazine weighs 483 g (17.0 oz).[citation needed]

While STANAG magazines are not normally compatible with the G36, adapters and modifications exist that enable cross-compatibility.[citation needed] Certain types of Beta C-Mags, which hold 100 rounds, can also be used with the stock G36, and are employed by the MG36 variant.

Stock

edit

The G36 features a folding stock, which can shorten the overall length of the weapon for close-quarters combat. The stock also incorporates holes in which assembly pins can be stored during weapon cleaning and maintenance.[2]

Material

edit

The G36 employs a number of lightweight, corrosion-resistant synthetic materials in its design. The receiver housing, stock, trigger group (including the fire control selector and firing mechanism), magazine well, handguard and carry handle are all made of a carbon fibre-reinforced polyamide. The receiver has an integrated steel barrel trunnion (with locking recesses) and a nylon 66-based, steel-reinforced receiver.[29]

Sights

edit
 
Dual combat sighting system ZF 3×4° as used on German G36A1 assault rifles
 
Sight picture for the main reticle

The standard German Army versions of the G36 are equipped with a ZF 3×4° dual optical sight, which includes a 3× magnified telescopic sight and an unmagnified reflex sight mounted slightly higher.[2] The reflex sight is illuminated by ambient light during the day and uses battery-powered illumination for use at night. Electric illumination is activated automatically by a built-in photoresistor and can be manually activated to boost the brightness of the reticle in low contrast situations.[30] The main reticle is sighted in at 200 m (219 yd) and includes crosshairs and a range-finding scale. It also features bullet drop compensation markings for 200, 400, 600, and 800 m (219, 437, 656, and 875 yd).

Export versions have a single telescopic sight with 1.5× magnification and a fixed 300 m (328 yd) reticle. All rifles are adapted to use the Hensoldt NSA 80 third-generation night sight, which clamps into the G36 carry handle adaptor in front of the optical sight housing and mates with the rifle's standard optical sight.[31] The sighting bridge also functions as a carrying handle and features auxiliary open sights moulded on top of the handle that consist of a forward blade and rear notch, but these can only be used with the reflex sight removed, as in the G36V. The optical sight system is produced by Hensoldt AG (a subsidiary of Carl Zeiss AG).

Operating mechanism

edit
 
Short-stroke gas piston

The G36 uses a short-stroke piston system[2] from which HK later developed the HK-416's impingement system. Unlike direct impingement, the system uses gas trailing the bullet to operate the piston instead of pushing directly on the bolt. The G36's bolt is operated by a cam that guides the bolt carrier by its respective cut-out. Then, when fully pushed forward, 7 radial locking lugs fully enclose the chamber.

The design includes several features that are commonplace in modern military firearms. The bolt locks back after the last round is spent, although this can be deactivated using the bolt catch button on front end of the trigger guard. The charging handle folds and unfolds automatically via a spring when firing; the handle can also be operated from either side of the firearm.[32][33] The handle also doubles as a forward assist in the event of a failure to feed. The ejection port has a brass deflector that helps left-handed users avoid being struck by casings. The bolt also acts as a dust cover.

Accessories

edit

The rifle can be fitted with a 40mm AG36 (AG—Anbau-Granatwerfer) under-barrel grenade launcher, which loads via a side-tilting break action.

Standard equipment supplied with the G36 includes: spare magazines, a cleaning and maintenance kit, sling, speedloader and sometimes modified AKM type II blade bayonets (many of which are left over in Germany from stocks of the former National People's Army).[citation needed]

Variants

edit

G36

edit

Introduced in 1996, the G36 is chambered in 5.56×45mm NATO. It features a 18.9 in (480 mm) barrel.

The G36V (V—Variante "variant") is the export variant of the G36, previously known as the G36E (E—Export). The G36V features an altered sight setup and bayonet mount. It is fitted with a 1.5x or 3x sight and lacks the integrated reflector sight. It features a standard NATO bayonet mount. The G36V was first produced for the Spanish and Latvian National Armed Forces.

The G36A2 is an upgraded variant of the G36 also in service with in the German Army. It is equipped with a quick-release Zeiss RSA reflex red dot sight[34] mounted on a Picatinny rail, replacing the original red dot sight. The G36A2 includes the shorter G36C stock, a new handguard made of aluminium (permitting better heat dissipation during sustained fire), an optional four Picatinny rails, and a vertical foregrip with an integrated switch for the LLM01 laser light module.[35] Throughout its service life, it has received further modernisation upgrades, designated as the G36A3 and G36A4.

Some G36A1 rifles were given the same modernisation upgrades as the G36A3 while reusing the original, cheaper A1 receiver. These variants are known as the G36A1.1.

G36K

edit
 
A modernized G36K being held by a Lithuanian soldier
 
Lithuanian soldiers during combat training exercise with a G36KA4M1

Introduced in 1997, the G36K (K—kurz "short") is a carbine variant with a shorter barrel, an open-type flash suppressor, a shorter forend, and a bottom rail. The carbine's barrel lacks the ability to launch rifle grenades and does not support a bayonet. The weapon retains compatibility with the AG36 grenade launcher. G36Ks in service with German special forces are issued with a 100-round C-Mag drum. The G36K has multiple slight variations. One includes a x3 scope/carry handle attached to the top, while the second only includes iron sights and a rail.

The G36KV (formerly G36KE) is the export variant of the G36K, using the sights on the G36V.

The G36KA4 is a modernised variant of the G36K made for German special forces. It adds the proprietary HKey mod system to the handguard, a heavier barrel, and a carry handle with a MIL-STD-1913 Picatinny rail. The stock was also replaced with an IdZ adjustable stock for better handling while using body armour.

G36C

edit

Introduced in 2001, the G36C (C—"compact") is a compact variant and a further development of the G36K. It has a shorter barrel than the G36K and either a four-prong open-type flash hider or a birdcage type flash hider. The extremely short barrel forced designers to move the gas block closer to the muzzle end and reduce the length of the gas piston operating rod. The handguard and stock were also shortened, and it includes the carrying handle from the G36KA4 The dual optical sight found on the standard G36 and G36K models was replaced with a set of rail-mounted detachable iron sights that consist of a semi-shrouded front post and a flip-up rear sight with two apertures of different diameter. The short handguard has four accessory attachment points, one of which could be used for a vertical grip. The G36C was developed and produced in January 2001.

MG36

edit

The MG36 (MG—Maschinengewehr "machine gun") is an automatic rifle variant of the G36 equipped with a heavier barrel for increased thermal performance and cook-off resistance.[2] The MG36 and MG36E (E—Export) are no longer offered by Heckler & Koch.

Sporting and civilian variants

edit

Heckler & Koch also created the semi-automatic SL8 rifle and the straight-pull, bolt-action R8, which are offered to the civilian sport shooting markets, both are loosely based on the G36. The SL8 is substantially different from the G36, it has a modified receiver and a thumbhole stock with a cheek rest, which is integral with the trigger group. The SL8 has a heavy profile, extended, 510 mm (20.1 in) barrel that does not have a flash hider or bayonet lug. The rifle uses a 10-round single-stack magazine and an extended top rail used to mount a wide variety of Picatinny-standard optics. Mounted to the rail are a set of iron sights with a hooded foresight and adjustable flip rear aperture. The SL8 can also mount the G36 carry handle and integrated sight assembly, after removing the mechanical iron sights. The SL8 has an unloaded weight of 4.3 kg (9.5 lb), overall length of 980–1,030 mm (39–41 in) and a trigger rated at 20 N (4.5 lbf).

In November 2013, Heckler & Koch applied for permission from the German Government to sell a new civilian-legal version of the G36. Known as the HK243 in Europe and the HK293 in America, it is more similar to the G36 assault rifle than previous civilian models. The main difference is the bolt is redesigned not to allow a conversion to fully automatic fire. It has quad picatinny rails and accepts STANAG magazines. Four different barrel lengths from 230 mm (9.1 in) to 480 mm (19 in) and four stock models (short fixed, long fixed and two adjustable) will be offered.[36]

In November 2020, semi-automatic only G36 rifles became available for sale on the civilian market in Canada. They were sold with match grade barrels by Lothar Walther for CAD $5,999, or with a Heckler & Koch barrel for CAD $7,998.[37][38]

Steyr G62

edit

In May 2021, Steyr Arms introduced the G62 upgrade for G36 rifles. According to Steyr, the components of this upgrade kit (metal receiver, barrel and magazine well) can be mounted independently on existing G36 arms without any modifications.[39] German media speculated this might be a relatively inexpensive way to extend the service life of the G36 in the Bundeswehr pending the outcome of legal procedures regarding a new system assault rifle tender for the Bundeswehr.[40]

TommyBuilt Tactical T36

edit

The TommyBuilt Tactical T36 is an American-made clone receiver based on the G36, which was started in 2007 by Tom Bostic based on converting a SL8 to a G36.[41] In February 2021, the BATF classified it as a machine gun.[42][43]

edit
  •  
    Lithuanian Special Forces Special Purpose Service member and Latvian soldier
  •  
    A Latvian soldier with the G36V/AG36 combination.
  •  
    A U.S. soldier of the 1st Aviation Regiment holding a G36
  •  
    Peshmerga Zeravani Commando with the G36 May 2019
  •  
    A German soldier holding his G36
  •  
    A Malaysian Navy Special Force personnel equipped with G36C

Users

edit
 
Map with Heckler & Koch G36 users in blue
Country/Territory Organization name Model Quantity Date Reference
  Algeria Special Intervention Detachment, Directorate of Security and Presidential Protection, Algerian Special Forces _ _ [44]
  Australia Australian Federal Police Specialist Response Group _ _ [45][46]
  Belgium Antwerp local police special squad BBT (Bijzondere Bijstandsteam) _ _ _ [47]
  Brazil Brazilian Federal Police G36K, G36C _ _ [48]
  Canada Victoria Police Department
G36
 ~100 2004 [49]
  Croatia Croatian peacekeepers
G36
 [50]
Croatian police special units _ 300 2004 [51][52]
Croatian Armed Forces contingents in international operations _ 550 2007
  Czech Republic Police of the Czech republic:
* URNA – Nationwide paramilitary SWAT unit
* KZJ – Regional SWAT units
* SPJ – Special riot units
* PMJ – Emergency motorized units 		G36C, G36K _ _ [53]
  Denmark Politiets Aktionsstyrke G36C _ _ [54][55]
  East Timor Policia Nacional de Timor-Leste G36K _ _ [56]
  Egypt Used by special forces and police,
Some later to Libyan Jamahiriya, see below 		_ 608+ 2003 [57]
  Estonia Estonian Special Operations Force G36K _ _ [58][59]
  Finland Finnish Border Guard G36C _ _ [60]
Finnish Police _ _
  France French Army G36E _ _ [61]
RAID, GIGN G36C _ _ [62][63]
Brigade Anti-criminalité (BAC), SDLP, CRS. G36C, G36K 204 2016 [64][65][66]
  Germany Standard service rifle of the Bundeswehr. It will be replaced by the G95A1 and G95KA1 in 2022.[needs update] G36A1, G36A2
G36K, G36C 		181,773 delivered, 166,619 in use _ [67][68][69][70][71]
Used by the GSG9, PSA BPOL and BFE+ sections of the German Bundespolizei _ _ _ [72][73][74]
Used by Missions Abroad and Special Operations unit of the Bundeskriminalamt _ _ _ [75]
  Georgia Police special forces: Central Anti Crime Division, Special Crisis Unit, Special Operations Department, Coast Guard Anti piracy Unit G36K/C/E/A _ _ [76]
  Hong Kong Special Duties Unit of the Hong Kong Police Force G36KV _ 2001 [77]
[full citation needed]
[better source needed]
  Iceland National Police of Iceland and its special forces unit Víkingasveitin _ _ _ [78][verification needed]
  Indonesia Komando Pasukan Khusus (Kopassus) special forces group of the Indonesian Army G36C _ _ [79]
Detasemen Jala Mangkara (Denjaka) tactical diver group of the Indonesian Navy G36V, G36C _ _ [80]
  Italy NOCS team of the Italian Police G36C _ _ [81]
  Japan Used only by the Japanese Special Forces Group. _ _ _ [82]
  Jordan Jordanian special forces 71st Special Battalion G36C _ _ [83][84]
  Kosovo Kosovo Security Force G36V 3500 2010 [85][86]
  Kurdistan Region Peshmerga G36K 16,000 2014 [87][88]
  Latvia Latvian Army, National Guard, State Border Guard G36V, G36KV _ 2006 [89][90][91]
  Lebanon Lebanese Armed Forces, Internal Security Forces G36C3 250 2008 [92]
  Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
  Libya (Anti-Gaddafi forces) 		Unclear (unit based in Tripoli; special forces/Khamis Brigade?). Weapons are from a batch legally sold to Egypt in 2003. G36KV, G36E "numerous"
Probably <600 		2003–2005? [57][93][94]
[95][96]
Tripoli Brigade (looted from Bab al-Azizia arms store) 2011 [93]

[97]

  Lithuania Lithuanian Armed Forces G36KA4, G36KV1
G36C, G36KA4M1 		_ 2017 (G36KA4M1) [98][99][100][101]
  Malaysia Pasukan Khas Laut (PASKAL) Maritime Counter-Terrorism Forces of the Royal Malaysian Navy G36C, G36E
G36KE 		_ 2006 [102][103][104][105]
Pasukan Gerakan Khas (PGK) Counter-Revolutionary Warfare of the Royal Malaysia Police G36C _ _ [102]
  Mexico Various Mexican law enforcement agencies use the G36, namely the Mexican Federal Police and many state and city police forces G36 Family _ _ [106]
  Mongolia Mongolian Armed Forces _ _ _ [107]
  Montenegro Military of Montenegro G36, G36C, G36K 655 as of 2015 [108][109]
Protivteroristička Jedinica Policije (Counter-Terrorist Police Unit) (PTJ) G36C, G36K _ _ [110]
Posebna Jedinica Policije (Special Police Unit) (PJP) G36C, G36K _ _ [111]
  Norway Norwegian Navy Kystjegerkommandoen G36KV2 _ 2001–2007 [89]
  Philippines Armed Forces of the Philippines

Presidential Security Group

G36K, G36C _ _ [112]
  Poland BOA/SPAP special units of the Policja G36V, G36K
G36C 		_ _ [113]
Biuro Ochrony Rządu (BOR) Government Protection Bureau G36C _ _ [114]
Jednostka Wojskowa Formoza naval unit of the Polish Special Forces G36KV3, G36C _ 2006 [115]
  Portugal Portuguese Army (Special Operations Troops Centre) G36KV, G36KV3 _ _ [116]
Portuguese Marines (Special Actions Detachment) _ _ _ [89]
Portuguese Air Force (Polícia Aérea)
Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR) G36C 200 _ [117]
Grupo de Operações Especiais (GOE) of the Polícia de Segurança Pública _ _ _ [118]
  Romania Special Operations Forces of the Romanian Armed Forces G36K, G36C _ _ [119][120]
  Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabian Army, Police, Border Guards, Special Forces G36C, G36E
G36KE 		_ _ [121]
  Serbia 72nd Brigade for Special Operations of the Serbian Armed Forces G36C _ 2010 [122]
  Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Police force G36K 112+ 2001 [123]
  South Korea Korea Coast Guard SSAT (Special Sea Attack Team) _ _ 2007 [124]
  Spain Spanish Armed Forces

Guardia Civil

G36E, G36KE
G36CE 		75,219 _ [89][125][126]
Unidad de Operaciones Especiales special group of Spanish Navy and Spanish Marines _ _ [127]
  Sweden National Task Force G36C _ Replaced by LWRC M6 [128]
Piketen _ [128]
Särskilda operationsgruppen G36K, G36C _ [129]
  Trinidad and Tobago Will soon replace the IMI Galil in use by the Trinidad and Tobago Regiment and become the primary service rifle. G36
  Thailand Naresuan 261 Counter-Terrorism Unit Special Operations Unit of the Royal Thai Police G36C, G36K
SL8 		_ 2007 [130][131]
Royal Thai Army (RTA) Infantry. G36K, G36KE
G36E, MG36 		_ _ [132] [133] [134]
Underwater Demolition Assault Unit (UDAU) tactical diver group of the Royal Thai Navy (RTN) G36KV _ 2004 [135][136]
Royal Thai Marine Corps Amphibious Reconnaissance battalion Special operations forces (RECON), RTN G36C _ 2004 [137][138][139][140]
  United Kingdom Avon and Somerset Police G36C/G36K/G36E _ _ [141]
Cheshire Constabulary _ _ [citation needed]
City of London Police _ _ [142]
Civil Nuclear Constabulary _ _ [142]
Greater Manchester Police _ _ [142]
Humberside Police _ _
Kent Police _ _
Lancashire Constabulary _ _ [142]
Norfolk Constabulary _ _
Northumbria Police _ _
Nottinghamshire Police _ _
Police Scotland _ _ [143]
Police Service of Northern Ireland _ _ [142]
Specialist Firearms Command, Metropolitan Police Service _ _ _ [144]
South Wales Police
West Yorkshire Police _ _ Until 2017
Special Air Service
  Ukraine Main Directorate of Intelligence (Ukraine) G36KA4 _ _ [145]
  United States Baltimore City Police Department _ _ _ [146]
Cobb County Police Department G36K _ 2000 [147]
  United Nations United Nations Department for Safety and Security G36V, G36KV
G36CV, MG36 		_ _ _
Department of Peacekeeping Operations _ _ [148][failed verification]

Conflicts

edit

1990s

edit

2000s

edit

2010s

edit

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ a b "Modern Firearms - HK G36". World.guns.ru. Archived from the original on 2 September 2010. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Woźniak (2001), pp. 17–21.
  3. ^ a b Larson, Caleb (17 September 2020). "Haenel's MK556: Check Out Germany's New Assault Rifle". The National Interest. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020.
  4. ^ "Weapons: Heckler & Koch G 36". Spanish Army. 1 December 2001. Archived from the original on 3 January 2010. Retrieved 22 February 2010.
  5. ^ "G36 Automatic Rifle Cal 5.56x45 mm". Military Industries Corporation. Archived from the original on 30 November 2012. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
  6. ^ Kimball, Spencer (9 April 2011). "Murky business: Arms manufacturer investigates how Gadhafi got German rifles". Deutsche Welle.
  7. ^ a b Nassauer, Otfried (January 2012). "Up for a new era? – German arms trade with the MENA region". BITS. Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
  8. ^ a b "His Royal Highness Crown Prince Receives a G36 Rifle produced by MIC" (PDF) (Press release). Saudi Press Agency. June 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
  9. ^ "Deutsches Sturmgewehr versagt bei langem Gefecht". Die Welt (in German). 1 April 2012.
  10. ^ "Deutsches Sturmgewehr für langen Kampf untauglich". Die Welt (in German). 25 April 2012.
  11. ^ Slowik, Max (9 May 2012). "Heckler & Koch Responds to Allegation that the G36 Rifle is Unfit for Service". Guns.com. Archived from the original on 16 October 2013.
  12. ^ Johnson, Steve (30 June 2014). "H&K G36 Rifle Not Faulty: Bad Ammunition Caused Poor Accuracy". TheFirearmBlog.com.
  13. ^ Perey, Stefan. "Heckler & Koch G36 Wärmeproblematik geklärt". all4shooters.com (in German). Archived from the original on 27 June 2014.
  14. ^ Gebauer, Matthias (17 February 2014). "Sturmgewehr G36: Mangel-Munition soll Probleme verursacht haben". Der Spiegel (in German).
  15. ^ "Bundeswehr: Rechnungshof wirft Wehrressort jahrelange Vertuschung bei G36-Gewehr vor". Der Spiegel (in German). 28 June 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
  16. ^ "Report: Germany Halts Army Rifle Orders Over Accuracy Fears". DefenseNews. 22 June 2014. Archived from the original on 22 June 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
  17. ^ Slowik, Max (31 March 2015). "German Bundeswehr confirms G36 issues". Guns.com. Archived from the original on 13 April 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  18. ^ Nathaniel F. (3 April 2015). "The G36 Controversy Intensifies". TheFirearmBlog.com. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  19. ^ "Präzisionsprobleme beim G36Zu ungenau: Bundeswehr will das Sturmgewehr wechseln". FOCUS online (in German). 31 March 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  20. ^ "Heckler & Koch zweifelt G36-Untersuchung an". FOCUS online (in German). 22 April 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  21. ^ "Heckler & Koch Fires Back At G36 Audit Report". TheFirearmBlog.com. 22 April 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  22. ^ Borrud, Gabriel (2015). "Heckler & Koch G36: the rifle held in all the wrong places". Deutsche Welle.
  23. ^ "Sturmgewehr G36 hat in der Bundeswehr keine Zukunft" [Sturmgewehr G36 has no future in the Bundeswehr]. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). 22 April 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2015.
  24. ^ "Germany says military will stop using gun 'that can't shoot straight when hot'". PopularMilitary.com. 24 April 2015. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
  25. ^ Wolf, Andy (3 September 2016). "German military loses lawsuit to H&K over faulty rifles that don't shoot straight". PopularMilitary.com.
  26. ^ "Heckler & Koch gewinnt Prozess um Sturmgewehr G36" [Heckler & Koch wins G36 assault rifle lawsuit]. Die Zeit (in German). 2 September 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
  27. ^ Trevithick, Joseph (16 December 2022). "HK416 Finally Looks Set To Become Germany's Next Service Rifle". The Drive/The War Zone.
  28. ^ Moss, Matthew (20 December 2022). "Meet the G95A1 & G95KA1 – the German Army's New Rifles". The Firearm Blog.
  29. ^ "Patent US5513461A - Light-weight automatic rifle". Google Patents. 21 March 1994. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  30. ^ "Visierung". rk-gammertingen.de (in German). Archived from the original on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
  31. ^ "Zeiss NSA 80 night sight module datasheet" (PDF). Zeiss.com. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
  32. ^ "Patent US5821445 - Loading lever assembly for hand-operated firearms". Google Patents. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
  33. ^ US 5821445, Guhring, Manfred, "Loading lever assembly for hand-operated firearms", issued 1996-10-13 
  34. ^ "Zeiss RSA-S Reflex Sight". Zeiss.com.
  35. ^ "Heckler & Koch subsystem leader IdZ". Heckler & Koch. 26 June 2007. Archived from the original on 1 October 2011.
  36. ^ Johnson, Steve (25 November 2013). "Heckler & Koch HK243 and HK293 (Civilian G36)". The Firearm Blog.
  37. ^ Eric B. (13 November 2020). "Heckler & Koch G36 For Sale in Canada". The Firearm Blog.
  38. ^ "G36". Tactical Imports. Archived from the original on 5 October 2019.
  39. ^ "Steyr Arms G62". Steyr Arms. 21 May 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  40. ^ "Sturmgewehr Bundeswehr: Steyr Arms als Zwischenlösung?" [Bundeswehr assault rifle: Steyr Arms as an interim solution?]. Spartanat.com (in German). 21 May 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  41. ^ Marshall, Tom (3 October 2010). "TommyBuilt Tactical's T36 Puts a Pop-Culture Icon in Reach for the Rest of Us". Recoil. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  42. ^ Luke C. (23 February 2021). "ATF Reclassifies TommyBuilt Tactical T36 Receiver as a Machine Gun". The Firearm Blog.com. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  43. ^ "FAQs regarding the Industry Replacement of Tommy Built Tactical Model T36 Receiver". Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. 15 March 2021.
  44. ^ "Prise d'otages massive au Sahara". RAIDS (in French): 56. February 2013.
  45. ^ "AusTender: Contract Notice View - CN53453". Tenders.gov.au.
  46. ^ "AFP buys new weapon for International Deployment - G36C" (PDF). Response Australia. No. 8. February 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2011.
  47. ^ "Arrestatieteam". Politie.nl. Archived from the original on 6 December 2008.
  48. ^ "Polícia Federal". Folha de S.Paulo. Retrieved 23 June 2007.
  49. ^ "Victoria Police Department 2010 Annual Report" (PDF). Public Safety Canada. 2010. Archived from the original on 15 October 2015.
  50. ^ Thompson, Leroy (2019). The G3 Battle Rifle. Osprey Publishing. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-47282-862-0.
  51. ^ Žabec, Krešimir (13 November 2006). "Heckler & Koch: Tvornica od koje Hrvatska vojska i policija kupuju puške i bacače". Jutarnji list (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 6 December 2008. Retrieved 27 November 2008.
  52. ^ Šoštarić, Eduard (29 March 2007). "MORH preuzeo jurišne puške G36" [Ministry of Defence receives G36 assault rifles]. Nacional (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 28 July 2012. Retrieved 20 December 2009.
  53. ^ "Odbor Pohotovostní motorizovaná jednotka - Policie České republiky". Policie.cz. Archived from the original on 22 July 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
  54. ^ "Aktionsstyrken". Pet.dk. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
  55. ^ "Politiets aktionsstyrke". Politiguiden.dk. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
  56. ^ "Range Shooting". Australian Department of Defence. 5 May 2009. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. The East Timor National Police representatives fire from the sitting position during the informal shooting competition at Metinaro range.
  57. ^ a b "2003 legal exportiert: Gewehre kommen aus Ägypten". n-tv.de (in German). Retrieved 15 December 2012.
  58. ^ "FOTOD: Millega tegeleb eestlaste eriüksus Afganistanis?". Delfi.
  59. ^ DELFI. "Kaitseväe eriüksuste juht: peame olema valmis reageerima igasugustele nähtustele".
  60. ^ Orell, Jussi (8 October 2009). "Kymmeniä aselupia peruttu kouluampumisten jälkeen – Kotimaa – Turun Sanomat". Ts.fi. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2010.
  61. ^ "Report: Germany Halts Army Rifle Orders Over Accuracy Fears". Defense News. 22 June 2014. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014.
  62. ^ "LE GIPN (Groupe d'Intervention de la Police Nationale) 19". FIPN-SDLP GIPN. Archived from the original on 14 May 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  63. ^ "France Cracks Down on Radical Islam, Arresting 19". VOA. 29 March 2012.
  64. ^ "A Paris, les policiers des BAC équipés de fusils d'assaut contre les "tueries de masse"". Le Monde. 29 February 2016.
  65. ^ "Paris police armed with assault rifles in wake of November terror attacks". The Guardian. 1 March 2016.
  66. ^ "Paris police receive assault rifles and shields". 1 March 2016.
  67. ^ "Anzahl der jährlich an die Bundeswehr ausgelieferten Gewehre des Typs G36 von 1996 bis 2014" [Number of G36 rifles delivered to the German Armed Forces annually from 1996 to 2014]. Statista (in German).
  68. ^ "Communique: Current media reports regarding the G36 assault rifle". Heckler & Koch. 3 April 2012. Archived from the original on 15 October 2012. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  69. ^ "Gewehr G 36". Bundeswehr (in German). Archived from the original on 30 January 2011.
  70. ^ "Heckler & Koch will BKA einschalten". n-tv. 10 April 2015.
  71. ^ "Bundeswehr Rifle Debacle: Germany Set to Select HK416 A8?". The Firearm Blog. 3 March 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  72. ^ Weisswange, Jan-Phillip (May 2009). "ASSIK: Der Arbeitsstab Schutzaufgaben der Bundespolizei". Strategie & Technik. 52 (5): 73–74. ISSN 1860-5311.
  73. ^ "Anti-Terrortruppe "BFE+" - erste Einheit bei Berlin aufgestellt". Sicherheitspolitik Journalismus. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  74. ^ "GSG9: Schritt 4: Die Ausbildung". Bundespolizei (in German).
  75. ^ Sünkler, Sören (2019). "ASE SG BKA, Auslands- und Spezialeinsätze Sicherungsgruppe Bundeskriminalamt". Kommando - International Special Operations Magazine (2): 4–23. ISSN 2196-1204.
  76. ^ a b "German Arms in Georgia?". Deutsche Welle. 17 August 2008. Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2010.
  77. ^ "警訊 - 全新飛虎隊SDU特輯" [Alert - New Flying Tigers SDU specials]. YouTube (in Chinese). 27 November 2009. Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  78. ^ "Með Glock 17 og MP5". Fréttatíminn (in Icelandic). 23 September 2011. pp. 12–14.
  79. ^ "Kopassus & Kopaska – Specijalne Postrojbe Republike Indonezije". Hrvatski Vojnik Magazine (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 22 August 2010. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
  80. ^ "Pasukan Denjaka TNI AL, Pasukan Elit Indonesia yang Misterius". HobbyMiliter.com (in Indonesian). 22 December 2016.
  81. ^ "Decree n° 559/A/1/ORG/DIP.GP/14 of March 6, 2009, concerning weapons and equipment in use with the Italian National Police" (PDF). Italian Ministry of Interior (in Italian). 20 April 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
  82. ^ "14hk093" (PDF). Ministry of Defense. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
  83. ^ Shea, Dan (Spring 2009). "SOFEX 2008". Small Arms Defense Journal. 1 (1): 29.
  84. ^ Tactical Weapons, January 2011, p. 94.
  85. ^ "Lajmi i Fundit" (PDF). Gazeta Express. 11 February 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011.
  86. ^ ""Ushtaret" i presin armet dhe uniformat e reja" (PDF). Koha Ditore. 20 January 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
  87. ^ "German arms package to Peshmerga includes assault rifles, anti-tank missiles". Rudaw. 20 December 2015. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
  88. ^ Wallace, Stephan (16 September 2014). "German Military Aid to the Kurdish Peshmerga". American-German Institute.
  89. ^ a b c d Kemp, Ian (1 April 2007). "Assault rifles in a 5.56 mm evolution: the fielding of new designs and the upgrade of existing weapons will ensure that 5.56 mm remains the predominant assault rifle calibre". Armada International – via thefreelibrary.com.
  90. ^ "National Armed Forces" (PDF). Ministry of Defence. July 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 October 2008. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
  91. ^ Jones, Bruce (6 February 2018). "Latvia orders infantry small arms". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
  92. ^ "Lebanese Official Gazette (issues 2008)". Lebanese Official Gazette. Government of Lebanon.[page needed]
  93. ^ a b "Deutsche Waffen in Libyen: Rebellen nutzen G36-Gewehre". n-tv (in German). Retrieved 15 December 2012.
  94. ^ "Deutsche Gewehre in Libyen: Heckler & Koch schickt Ermittler". n-tv (in German). Retrieved 15 December 2012.
  95. ^ "G36-Gewehre seit 2005 in Libyen: Regierung sieht keine Fehler". n-tv (in German). Retrieved 15 December 2012.
  96. ^ "Private Video". YouTube. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
  97. ^ "680_77.JPG (650x450 pixels)". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  98. ^ "Automatinis šautuvas G-36". Lithuanian Army. Archived from the original on 7 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2010.
  99. ^ "Lietuva perka papildomą partiją modernizuotų automatinių ginklų G-36 KA4M1 ir 40 mm. granatsvaidžių". Ministry of National Defence. 29 August 2016. Archived from the original on 30 August 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
  100. ^ Wilk, Remigiusz (2 September 2016). "Lithuania orders H&K rifles and grenade launchers". IHS Jane's. Archived from the original on 6 September 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
  101. ^ Fiorenza, Nicholas (19 October 2018). "Lithuania buys more G36 assault rifles". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 20 October 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  102. ^ a b Thompson, Leroy (December 2008). "Malaysian Special Forces". Special Weapons. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
  103. ^ Wangguang, Lei (21 March 2015). "Langkawi Airshow / PASKAL─ Sea Dragon special warfare/蘭卡威航展／PASKAL─大馬海中特戰蛟龍". Youth Daily News (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
  104. ^ "From the picture is Royal Malaysian Navy tactical force with HK XM8 Compact Carbine in 2015 Langkawi Airshow". Archived from the original on 27 April 2015.
  105. ^ "From the picture is Royal Malaysian Navy PASKAL tactical diver team with G36KV, XM8 DMR, HK416, MP7, G36C in 2014 Merdeka Parade at Kuala Lumpur capital". Archived from the original on 5 September 2014.
  106. ^ "Documentar mediante fechas, el inicio del proyecto de la sedena para fabricar en méxico el fusil hk g-36v, los razonamientos y justificaciones técnicas y militares para llevar a cabo dicho proyecto". Secretariat of National Defense (in Spanish). 15 December 2006. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2009.
  107. ^ Swaney, Michael (26 April 2014). "VIDEO: Warrior Blood: The Mongolian Army in Afghanistan". Popular Military.
  108. ^ "Ministar odbrane Boro Vučinić održao godišnju konferenciju za novinare". Government of Montenegro. 24 December 2008. Archived from the original on 29 August 2009.
  109. ^ "G36 Ausfuhrgenehmigungen seit 2003 global und nach Mexiko" (PDF). waffenexporte.org. 3 February 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  110. ^ "Protivteroristicka jedinica Policije CG". 7 September 2021.
  111. ^ "Policija Crne Gore i sigurnosne službe Ambasade Sjedinjenih Država sprovele zajedničku vježbu". 9 June 2018.
  112. ^ Deckert, Roman (April 2008). "Rice Not Guns – German Arms in the Philippines". Bits.de. Retrieved 22 February 2010.
  113. ^ "Polish police equipment". Policja (in Polish). Archived from the original on 20 July 2013. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  114. ^ Łęczek, Bartłomiej (27 August 2013). "Tak chronią premiera Tuska". Fakt (in Polish). Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  115. ^ Dura, Maksymilian (24 July 2014). "Formoza shows their equipment". Defence24.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  116. ^ "Espingardas e carabinas". Exército Português. Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  117. ^ "Caderno de Encargos – Concurso Público N.º 14/DRL/DA/2009" (PDF). Guarda Nacional Republicana (in Portuguese). 2009. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
  118. ^ Curado, Miguel (2 June 2006). "GOE Reage com Tiros para o ar". Correio da Manhã (in Portuguese). Retrieved 29 August 2009.
  119. ^ "Batalionul 610 Operatii Speciale "Vulturii"". Romanianspecialforces.com. Archived from the original on 26 November 2013. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
  120. ^ "Press Release". Ministerul Apărării Naționale. 18 September 2012.
  121. ^ Heilig, René (13 August 2012). "Deutsche G36-Sturmgewehre werden ab 2012 auch direkt in Saudi-Arabien hergestellt". AG Friedensforschung (in German).
  122. ^ "Najsavremeniji "hekleri" za Vojsku Srbije". Politika (in Serbian). 8 April 2010. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
  123. ^ "World Infantry Weapons: Sierra Leone". 2013. Archived from the original on 24 November 2016.[self-published source]
  124. ^ "해양경찰특공대 저격수 훈련" [Marine Police Special Forces Sniper Training]. Old.gunpower.com (in Korean). 22 February 2007. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
  125. ^ "A Boarding Team Member assigned to the Spanish Frigate SNS Numancia (F 83) provides security for the team". U.S. Navy. Archived from the original on 21 March 2005. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
  126. ^ "Fusil de Asaulto 5.56 mm". Prinicipales Programas de Armamento. Dirección General de Armamento y Material. Archived from the original on 20 October 2008.
  127. ^ "Find Imagery". DefenseImagery.mil. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
  128. ^ a b "Image". Sydsvenskan. Archived from the original on 30 March 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
  129. ^ "Image". Imageshack. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
  130. ^ "ผบ.ตร. เปิดหลักสูตรต่อต้านก่อการร้าย ย้ำ ตร. ต้องฝึกให้หนักและพร้อมรับสถานการณ์ฉุกเฉิน". fm91bkk.com. Archived from the original on 2 May 2014.
  131. ^ "HK!!!". YouTube. 19 April 2013. Archived from the original on 17 November 2021.
  132. ^ "Royal Thai Army with G36E, Thai coup d'état, 2006, Bangkok (1)". Archived from the original on 28 April 2014.
  133. ^ "RTA with MG36, Thai coup d'état, 2006, Bangkok (2)". Archived from the original on 28 April 2014.
  134. ^ "RTA G36E, southern Thailand". Archived from the original on 27 April 2014.
  135. ^ "RTN SEAL team, anti-Somali pirate mission. HK G36KV with EoTech 552 and EOTech FTS 3X magnifier scope, An/peq15". 28 January 2013. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
  136. ^ "งานรวมคนพลลาดตระเวน". SiamFishing: Thailand Fishing Community.
  137. ^ "RTN Recon Force duty, southern Thailand. HK G36C with EoTech 552, An/peq15 and an/pvs7 night vision goggles". Archived from the original on 27 April 2014. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
  138. ^ "Royal Thai special force หน่วยรบพิเศษของไทย [HD]". YouTube. 10 October 2012. Archived from the original on 12 July 2015.
  139. ^ "Multinational Recon Marines hone live-fire skills [Image 2 of 8]". DVIDS.
  140. ^ "หน่วยที่ทำหน้าที่ในการต่อต้านการก่อการร้าย". Thaifighterclub.org.
  141. ^ "Firearms in use by Avon and Somerset Police". Avon and Somerset Constabulary. Archived from the original on 6 August 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  142. ^ a b c d e Jane's Police Review, 4 March 2007
  143. ^ "Police officer fired gun '˜by accident' in Edinburgh police HQ". The Scotsman. 9 February 2018.
  144. ^ Gardham, Duncan (15 April 2010). "Military-style guns for police to fight terrorists on the streets". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
  145. ^ "Rare Sightings of Heckler & Koch G36 & HK433s in Ukraine". The Armourers Bench. 29 September 2024. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  146. ^ "Baltimore Police Department". articleleader.info. 7 September 2010. Archived from the original on 17 October 2010.
  147. ^ "Department History". Cobb County Georgia.
  148. ^ Hodge, Nathan. "Did Afghan cops kill UN security guard?". Wired.
  149. ^ Martini, Fernando "Nunão" De (26 November 2010). "Polícia Federal reforça policiamento na Vila Cruzeiro e no Alemão, no Rio". Forças Terrestres - Exércitos, Indústria de Defesa e Segurança, Geopolítica e Geoestratégia (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  150. ^ Abbruzzino, Francesco (14 November 2016). "Footage from Bashiqa as Peshmerga engage ISIS up close and personal". The Uncensored Report. Archived from the original on 17 November 2021 – via YouTube.

Bibliography

edit
  • Woźniak, Ryszard (2001). Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej, tom 2 G-Ł (in Polish). Warsaw,Poland: Bellona. ISBN 83-11-09310-5.
edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heckler_%26_Koch_G36&oldid=1260127020#Variants"