General Motors Delta platform

GM Delta platform
GM Delta platform
Overview
Manufacturer	General Motors
Production	2002–present
Body and chassis
Class	Compact (C)
Body style(s)	2-door coupe; 2-door convertible; 3-door hatchback; 4-door sedan; 4-door SUV; 5-door hatchback
Chronology
Predecessor	GM J platform; GM R platform; GM T platform; GM Z platform
Successor	For Opel & Vauxhall:; PSA EMP2 platform; For GM:; GM VSS-F

Delta was a General Motors compact front-wheel drive automobile and crossover SUV platform, originally developed by Opel Group. Delta was a successor to the Opel T platform; it also replaced J platform and the Z platform used by the Saturn S-Series. The platform debuted in the 2003 Saturn Ion. Vehicles of this platform generally carry the letter "A" in the fourth character of their VINs.

Delta uses an independent suspension in front and Twist beam type in the rear. The Ecotec engine is widely used, as are a 4-speed automatic and 5-speed manual transmission.

Delta

Applications

Former vehicles based on this platform:

2003–2007 Saturn Ion
2005–2010 Chevrolet Cobalt
2005–2009 Pontiac G5/G4/Pursuit
2006–2011 Chevrolet HHR

Saturn Ion
Chevrolet Cobalt
Pontiac G5/G4/Pursuit coupe
Chevrolet HHR

Delta II

Delta II was General Motors' global compact car platform, developed by Opel in Germany. It was the successor to the GM Delta platform. Internally it is simply known as a new Global Compact Vehicle Architecture or GCV.

The platform features a torsion beam (marketed as compound crank) rear suspension with optional Watt's link which improves vehicle handling; such configuration is used with the Opel Astra, Buick Verano, Cadillac ELR, Opel Cascada and higher trim-levels of the American-market Chevrolet Cruze.

This suspension is usually described as semi-independent, meaning that the two wheels can move relative to each other, but their motion is still somewhat inter-linked, to a greater extent than in a true independent rear suspension (IRS). This can mildly compromise the handling and ride quality of the vehicle. For this reason, some manufacturers have changed to different linkage designs. As an example, Volkswagen dropped the torsion beam in favour of a true IRS for the Volkswagen Golf Mk5, possibly in response to the Ford Focus' Control Blade rear suspension.

As noted, certain GM brands and models have continued to use the suspension setup, known variously as twist beam, torsion beam or compound crank suspension. This is at a cost saving of €100 per car compared to multi-link rear suspension.^[1] The version used on the 2009-on Opel Astra and the 2011-2016 Buick Verano uses a Watts linkage at a cost of €20 to address the drawbacks and provide a competitive and cost effective rear suspension.^[1] The Renault Mégane and Citroen C4 also have stayed with the twist beam.^[2] The twist beam has been shown to suffer less from bush wear, than fully independent multi-link suspension, thus resulting in a virtually maintenance free rear suspension.

GM chose this compact vehicle architecture for its first Voltec application, the Chevrolet Volt. Production began in November 2010 with the first Chevrolet Volts delivered to retails customers in December 2010.^[3]

Applications

Production vehicles based on Delta II platform:

2008–2016 Chevrolet Cruze, Daewoo Lacetti Premiere, Holden Cruze^[4]
2009–2015 Opel Astra J, Buick Excelle XT
2010–2015 Chevrolet Volt
2010–2018 Chevrolet Orlando
2011–2016 Buick Verano
2011–2015 Opel Ampera
2011–2019 Opel Zafira Tourer C
2013–2016 Cadillac ELR^[5]^{[failed verification]}^[6]^{[failed verification]}
2013–2019 Opel Cascada (also marketed as Vauxhall Cascada, Holden Cascada, Buick Cascada and Opel Cabrio)
2017–2021 Chevrolet Cavalier

Chevrolet Cruze
Daewoo Lacetti Premiere
Holden Cruze
Opel Astra J
Buick Verano
Buick Excelle XT
Buick Excelle GT
Vauxhall Astra Mk6
Chevrolet Volt (first generation)
Holden Astra
Holden Volt
Opel Zafira C
Vauxhall Zafira Mk3
Opel Ampera
Vauxhall Ampera
Chevrolet Orlando
Opel Meriva B
Vauxhall Meriva B
Cadillac ELR
Opel Cascada
Vauxhall Cascada
Buick Cascada
Holden Cascada
Chevrolet Cavalier

D2XX/D2UX

General Motors introduced its new global platform named D2XX flexible platform in August 2012. The new platform was mainly engineered by GM's former German subsidiary Opel in Rüsselsheim.^[7] According to GM the company invested US$220 million for the all new D2XX platform.^{[citation needed]}

The platform was developed for compact vehicle architecture, replacing both Delta II and the midsize crossover GM Theta platform.^[8]

Vehicles that use the new platform included:

2015–2023 Chevrolet Cruze
2015–2022 Opel Astra K
2016–2019 Chevrolet Volt^[9]
2018–2024 Chevrolet Equinox
2018–present GMC Terrain
2019–2023 Chevrolet Orlando
2014–2020 Buick Envision

Chevrolet Cruze
Holden Astra Sedan
Opel Astra K
Vauxhall Astra Mk7
Holden Astra Hatchback
Buick Verano GS
Chevrolet Volt (second generation)
Buick Velite 5
Chevrolet Equinox
Holden Equinox
GMC Terrain
Chevrolet Orlando

GM-PATAC K

In 2015 Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center (PATAC), GM's joint development center with SAIC, revealed their own simplified variant of D2XX, known as the "GM-PATAC K" platform (rather than "K" so as to distinguish it from the former GM K platforms).^[10] The following vehicles use this variant of the platform, none of which are sold in the United States: