Garberia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, containing the single species Garberia heterophylla.[3] It is endemic to Florida in the United States, where it is distributed in the northern and central counties.[2][1] The plant is known commonly as garberia and Garber's scrub starts.[2][1][4][5]
| Garberia | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Subfamily: | Asteroideae |
| Tribe: | Eupatorieae |
| Genus: | Garberia A.Gray |
| Species: | G. heterophylla
|
| Binomial name | |
| Garberia heterophylla | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
|
Cacalia heterophylla | |
Description
editThis species is a shrub growing about 1 to 2.5 meters tall, with erect, branching stems. The branches are glandular and powdery or lightly hairy in texture when new, and grooved when dry. In a young plant leaves near the base of the stem may be oppositely arranged, but at maturity the branches are mostly lined with alternate leaves. The gray-green blades are glandular, and sticky to powdery when new. They are up to 3.5 centimeters long. The cylindrical flower heads are up to about half a centimeter wide and are borne in open inflorescences. Each head usually contains five aromatic pink or purple disc florets up to a centimeter long. The tips expand into five lobes and the narrow to threadlike style branches protrude. The fruit is a rough-textured, ribbed cypsela with a pappus of many bristles.[3][6] The fruits remain on the plant, and their long, brown pappi make the shrub stand out among other plants during the winter.[1] The pappi also allow dispersal of the seeds on the wind.[1]
Taxonomy
editThe genus Garberia was named by Asa Gray in honour of American botanist Abram Paschal Garber.[4]
Ecology
editThis plant occurs in the Florida scrub and related habitat types, including flatwoods, coastal dunes, and ridges, hills and prairie alongside oaks and pines such as sand pine.[1] It grows in dry, sandy soils low in organic matter.[6] It may flower almost year-round, but its main flowering season is fall.[6]
Garberia provides nectar for many native bees, including Agapostemon splendens, Anthidiellum notatum, Augochlora pura, Augochlorella aurata, Augochloropsis metallica, Bombus impatiens, Coelioxys mexicana, Coelioxys sayi, Colletes mandibularis, Dialictus miniatulus, Dialictus nymphalis, Dialictus placidensis, Epeolus carolinus, Megachile mendica, Megachile pruina, Megachile xylocopoides, and Xylocopa virginica.[7]
Classification
editGarberia is in the tribe Eupatorieae of the aster family. Like other members of this tribe, the flower heads have disc florets and no ray florets. It is also in the subtribe Liatrinae along with, for example, Carphephorus.[8] Garberia is closely related to the genus Liatris, but can be distinguished because it is a shrub instead of an herbaceous perennial and has a different karyotype.[3]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f Garberia heterophylla. NatureServe 2013.
- ^ a b c Wunderlin, R. P. and B. F. Hansen. 2008. Garberia heterophylla. Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants. Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.
- ^ a b c Garberia. Flora of North America.
- ^ a b Hammer, Roger L. (2016). Central Florida Wildflowers: A Field Guide to Wildflowers of the Lake Wales Ridge, Ocala National Forest, Disney Wilderness Preserve, and More than 60 State Parks and Preserves. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 44. ISBN 9781493022168.
- ^ "Garberia". Garberia heterophylla. Florida Native Plant Society. Retrieved 2018-10-15.
- ^ a b c Garberia heterophylla. Flora of North America.
- ^ Deyrup, M., et al. (2002). The diversity and floral hosts of bees at the Archbold Biological Station, Florida (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Insecta Mundi 16(1–3) 87-120.
- ^ Schmidt, G. J. and E. E. Schilling (2000). "Phylogeny and biogeography of Eupatorium (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) based on nuclear ITS sequence data". American Journal of Botany. 87 (5): 716–726. doi:10.2307/2656858. JSTOR 2656858. PMID 10811796.
External links
edit- Gilman, E. F. Garberia heterophylla. FPS-221. Environmental Horticulture, Florida Cooperative Extension, University of Florida IFAS. Published 1999. Revised 2007.
Media related to Garberia heterophylla at Wikimedia Commons