Walter IV (French: Gauthier (1205–1246) was the Count of Brienne from 1205 to 1246.
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Life
editWalter was the son of Walter III of Brienne and Elvira of Sicily.[1] Around the time of his birth, his father lost his bid for the Sicilian throne and was killed. His inheritance of the Principality of Taranto and the County of Lecce was confiscated. He took part in the War of the Keys in 1228–1229 in an effort to recover it.
While a teenager, Walter was sent to Outremer where his uncle John of Brienne was the ruler of Jerusalem. In 1235 John gave him the County of Jaffa and Ascalon,[a][3] that and arranged a marriage with Maria (before March, 1215 – ca. 1252 or 1254), daughter of Hugh I of Cyprus, in 1233.[3]
Even after his uncle had been forced out of the kingdom by Frederick II, Walter remained one of the most important lords of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He participated in the Crusade of Theobald I of Navarre in 1239 and was among the many French Crusaders captured by the Ayyubids. He was commander of the Crusader army that marched against the forces of as-Salih Ayyub at the Battle of La Forbie in 1244. Against the advice of al-Mansur of Homs, his Syrian ally, Walter insisted on taking the offensive, rather than fortifying his camp and awaiting the retreat of the Khwarezmians. In this disastrous battle, the Crusader-Syrian forces were nearly annihilated. Walter was captured,[4] tortured before the walls of Jaffa,[5] and ultimately turned over to the Egyptians after the Khwarezmian defeat before Homs in 1246. He was imprisoned in Cairo and murdered by merchants whose caravans he had robbed.[5]
He was succeeded by his elder son John, who died childless. His younger son Hugh of Brienne settled in Southern Italy and became a partisan of Charles of Anjou, who returned to him the family's county of Lecce.
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^ Perry 2018, p. xxii.
- ^ Edbury 1999, p. 124.
- ^ a b Edbury 1999, p. 123.
- ^ Hamilton 2016, p. 238.
- ^ a b Paul & Schenk 2017, p. 176.
Sources
edit- Edbury, Peter W. (1999). Kingdoms of the Crusaders: From Jerusalem to Cyprus. Ashgate Publishing Company.
- Hamilton, Bernard (2016). "Queen Alice of Cyprus". In Boas, Adrian (ed.). The Crusader World. Routledge.
- Paul, Nicholas L.; Schenk, Jochen G. (2017). "Family Memory and the Crusades". In Cassidy-Welch, Megan (ed.). Remembering the Crusades and Crusading. Routledge.
- Perry, Guy (2018). The Briennes: The Rise and Fall of a Champenois Dynasty in the Age of the Crusades, c. 950-1356. Cambridge University Press.