The lesser roadrunner (Geococcyx velox) is a large, long-legged bird that is a member of the cuckoo family, Cuculidae. It is found in Mesoamerica. Its Latin name means "swift earth-cuckoo". Along with the greater roadrunner, it is one of two species in the genus Geococcyx.
| Lesser roadrunner | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Cuculiformes |
| Family: | Cuculidae |
| Genus: | Geococcyx |
| Species: | G. velox
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| Binomial name | |
| Geococcyx velox (Wagner, 1836)
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| Range in green | |
Description
editThe lesser roadrunner is a slender bird that reaches a length of 46 to 51 cm (18 in), the tail itself accounting for about 24 cm (9.4 in). Its average length is 46 cm (18 in).[2] The male weighs 174–207 grams (6.1–7.3 oz), while the female weighs 162–192 grams (5.7–6.8 oz).[3]
The crown, crest and neck of the lesser roadrunner are black with a bronze glow and small light brown spots. The back neck is black-brown, with feathers are lined with a pale brown, so that a brown-white dashes arises. The plumage of the upper body is dark brown with light speckles and lightens to maroon towards the rump, and its breast is white. The rectrices are black with a dark purple luster.[4] Young roadrunners resemble adults, but have ocher-colored lines, and duller skin around the eye.[5]
The iris is yellow to brown, with a yellow to silvery-white ring surrounding the pupil. The eye ring is pale lavender to bright blue. The area behind the eye extends to a narrow band that turns into a bright red color on the neck, which is mostly covered by feathers. The upper beak is gray, while the lower beak is bluish-gray.
The lesser roadrunner resembles the greater roadrunner (Geococcyx californianus) in appearance and habit but is smaller, with a less streaked throat and chest, brownish on the rump and on the outer wings and yellowish undersides.[4] The lesser roadrunner also has a significantly shorter bill.
Habitat
editThe lesser roadrunner occurs in arid lowlands of Mesoamerica up to 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) in altitude. It inhabits open ground areas, with scrub and thorny bushes.[6] They can be found in higher elevations of stratovolcanoes such as Conchagua, San Miguel, Santa Ana and San Salvador, in semi-open areas above the treeline.[7] They also adapt to cultivated land such as henequen and corn fields.[7]
Its breeding range is in southwestern Mexico, north into the western side of the Sierra Madre Occidental range, along with northern Central America and a disjunct range in the northern Yucatán Peninsula.[4] It overlaps with the range of the greater roadrunner in a small area in the states of Sonora, Sinaloa, Jalisco, and Michoacán.[8]
Behavior
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The lesser roadrunner can run up to 20 miles per hour (32 km/h). It spends most of its time on the ground, running in open areas, along roads or under cover. and is capable of limited flight, perching in bushes or low trees.[8]
Roadrunners bask in the early morning, on a fence post or bush.[9] They cock their tail and droop their wings, then turn their back towards the sun, raising the scapular feathers and exposing their black skin which absorbs heat. They may preen themselves as well.
The bird's call is a series of soft "cooing", about one note per second, made three to seven times on a descending scale.[8][10]
Diet
editThe lesser roadrunner is an opportunistic feeder, which eats seeds, fruit, small reptiles and frogs. It forages around roadsides for large insects and roadkill.[6] Grasshoppers make up a significant portion part of its diet, as do caterpillars.[11][3]
Nesting
editBreeding is reported from Mexico between April and July,[12] and in El Salvador in August.[13][7]
The lesser roadrunner builds its nest in a low tree, a thorn bush or an Opuntia cactus, about 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) off the ground.[7] Its eggs, which are white and 35 mm × 26 mm (1.4 in × 1.0 in) in length,[7] are laid in clutches of 2 to 4.[7][6] Their nests are smaller than those of the greater roadrunner, but are stronger and more compact, built in the shape of a cup with sturdy grass stems and twigs, with a diameter of c. 14.5 cm (5.7 in). Both male and female roadrunners incubate.[7]
Lesser roadrunner clutches show less variation in size than those of the greater roadrunner, and from observation, all eggs appear to hatch around the same time.[13]
References
edit- ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Geococcyx velox". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22684461A163883135. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22684461A163883135.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ Dunning, John B. Jr. (2008). CRC handbook of avian body masses. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 655. ISBN 9781420064445. OCLC 144331624.
- ^ a b Soberanes-González, Carlos A.; Rodríguez-Flores, Claudia I.; Arizmendi, Marîa del Coro; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (2020). Schulenberg, Thomas S (ed.). "Lesser Roadrunner (Geococcyx velox)". HBW Alive. doi:10.2173/bow.lesroa1.01. S2CID 216277172. Retrieved 2019-09-03.
- ^ a b c Erritzoe, Johannes (2012). Cuckoos of the World. London: Christopher Helm. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-7136-6034-0. OCLC 785336604.
- ^ Soberanes-González, Carlos A.; Rodríguez-Flores, Claudia I.; Arizmendi, Marîa del Coro; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (2020). "Lesser Roadrunner (Geococcyx velox)". In Schulenberg, Thomas S (ed.). Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.lesroa1.01. S2CID 216277172.
- ^ a b c Hoyo, Josep del., Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal (1997). Volume 4 Volume 4, Sandgrouse to cuckoos. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 8487334229. OCLC 41028676.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d e f g Dickey, D. R.; van Rossem., A. J. (1938). The birds of El Salvador. Vol. 23. Field Museum of Natural History.
- ^ a b c Howell, Steve N. G.; Webb, Sophie (1995). A guide to the birds of Mexico and northern Central America. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-854012-4.
- ^ "Lesser Roadrunner". eBird. Retrieved 2019-09-04.
- ^ "Lesser Roadrunner (Geococcyx velox) :: xeno-canto". xeno-canto. 2019-03-13. Retrieved 2019-09-03.
- ^ Martha Anne Maxon (2005). The Real Roadrunner. University of Oklahoma Press.
- ^ Soberanes-González, Carlos A.; Rodríguez-Flores, Claudia I.; Arizmendi, Marîa del Coro; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (2020). "Lesser Roadrunner (Geococcyx velox)". In Schulenberg, Thomas S (ed.). Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.lesroa1.01. S2CID 216277172.
- ^ a b Miller, A.H. (1932). "Observations on some breeding birds of El Salvador, Central America". Condor. 34 (1): 8–17. doi:10.2307/1363786. JSTOR 1363786.
External links
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Media related to Lesser Roadrunner at Wikimedia Commons
- Photo-(bird running-HIGH RES); Article "Birds of Honduras"
- Lesser Roadrunner photo gallery VIREO
