George Herbert, 11th Earl of Pembroke

General George Augustus Herbert, 11th Earl of Pembroke and 8th Earl of Montgomery KG, PC (10 September 1759 – 26 October 1827) was an English peer, army officer, and politician.

The Earl of Pembroke
Governor of Guernsey
In office
1807–1827
Preceded byThe Earl Grey
Succeeded bySir William Keppel
Member of Parliament
for Wilton
In office
1788–1794
Preceded byWilliam Gerard Hamilton
Philip Goldsworthy
Succeeded byThe Viscount FitzWilliam
Philip Goldsworthy
In office
1780–1785
Preceded byHenry Herbert
Charles Herbert
Succeeded byWilliam Gerard Hamilton
Philip Goldsworthy
Personal details
Born10 September 1759
Wilton House, Wilton, Wiltshire, England
Died26 October 1827 (aged 68)
Pembroke House, London, England
Political partyWhig
Spouses
Elizabeth Beauclerk
(m. 1787; died 1793)
(m. 1808)
Children10, including Robert Herbert, 12th Earl of Pembroke
Sidney Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Lea
Catherine Murray, Countess of Dunmore
Parent(s)Henry Herbert, 10th Earl of Pembroke (father)
Lady Elizabeth Spencer (mother)
RelativesCharles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough (maternal grandfather)
EducationHarrow School
Military service
RankGeneral
Commands2nd and 3rd Dragoon Guards
6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons
Battles/wars

Early life

edit

He was born Lord Herbert at the family home, Wilton House in Wilton. He was the only son of Henry Herbert, 10th Earl of Pembroke and 7th Earl of Montgomery and his wife, Elizabeth, the second daughter of Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough.[1] He had a younger sister Charlotte, who died at the age of 10. He was educated at home and then Harrow School from 1770 to 1775. Through his grandmother Mary FitzWilliam, daughter of the 5th Viscount FitzWilliam, he inherited the substantial FitzWilliam estates in Dublin.

Career

edit

After leaving Harrow, Herbert was appointed an ensign in the 12th Regiment of Foot in 1775 and travelled the continent over the next five years, visiting France, Austria, Eastern Europe, Russia and Italy with Rev. William Coxe and Capt. John Floyd.

Herbert was promoted to a lieutenant in 1777 and became a captain in the 75th Regiment of Foot in 1778, before transferring to 1st The Royal Dragoons later that year. In 1781, he transferred to the 22nd Light Dragoons and the following year was promoted to a lieutenant-colonel in the 2nd Dragoon Guards.

At the start of the French Revolutionary Wars, Herbert saw action in Flanders, where he commanded the 2nd and 3rd Dragoon Guards and liaised with Prussian and Austrian forces. He was also active in the Siege of Valenciennes (1793) and captured an enemy post at Hundssluyt, near Dunkirk, later that year.

Political career

edit

At the general election of 1780, Herbert became Member of Parliament for the family borough of Wilton and sided with the Whig opposition. He held the seat until 1784 when he was appointed Vice-Chamberlain of the Household and sworn of the Privy Council. He held the seat for Wilton again from 1788 to 1794, the year he inherited his father's titles and estate and also succeeded him as Lord Lieutenant of Wiltshire.

Later life

edit

In 1795, Pembroke was promoted to a major-general and became colonel of the 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons in 1797. He was further promoted to lieutenant-general in 1802 and appointed a Knight of the Garter in 1805. After serving as a plenipotentiary on a special mission to Austria in 1807, he was also appointed Governor of Guernsey and finally promoted to a general in 1812.

Personal life

edit

Herbert married twice, firstly on 8 April 1787, to Elizabeth Beauclerk (d. 1793), his first cousin, the daughter of Topham Beauclerk by his wife, Diana. Their children included:

His second marriage was on 25 January 1808 to Countess Catherine Semyonovna Vorontsova, a daughter of the prominent Russian aristocrat and diplomat Semyon Romanovich Vorontsov.[2] The children of the second marriage included:

Lord Pembroke died on 26 October 1827 at his London home, Pembroke House, and was buried at Wilton on 12 November. After having previously quarrelled with his eldest surviving son, Robert, over the latter's marriage to the widowed Italian princess Octavia Spinelli di Laurino, Pembroke left the bulk of his unentailed and personal estate to his only son by his second wife, Sidney (later created Baron Herbert of Lea).

Notes

edit
  1. ^ Lundy, Darryl. George Augustus Herbert, 11th Earl of Pembroke, ThePeerage.com, retrieved 23 May 2012
  2. ^ Woronzow, Humphrys genealogy, retrieved 4 April 2012
  3. ^ "Mary Caroline (née Herbert), Marchioness of Ailesbury (1813–1892), Wife of 2nd Marquess of Ailesbury; daughter of 11th Earl of Pembroke". National Portrait Gallery, London.

References

edit
Parliament of Great Britain
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Wilton
1780–1785
With: William Gerard Hamilton
Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Wilton
1788–1794
With: William Gerard Hamilton 1788–1790
The Viscount FitzWilliam 1790–1794
Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Vice-Chamberlain of the Household
1784–1794
Succeeded by
Military offices
Preceded by Colonel of the 6th (Inniskilling) Regiment of Dragoons
1797–1827
Succeeded by
Preceded by Governor of Guernsey
1807–1827
Succeeded by
Honorary titles
Preceded by Lord Lieutenant of Wiltshire
1794–1827
Succeeded by
Peerage of England
Preceded by Earl of Pembroke
Earl of Montgomery

1794–1827
Succeeded by