Lieutenant General Sir George Mackworth Bullock, KCB, KCMG (15 August 1851 – 28 January 1926) was an officer of the British Army. He served during the First World War, rising to the rank of lieutenant general, and was also the 108th civil Governor and military Commander-in-Chief of Bermuda.[2]
Sir George Bullock | |
|---|---|
 Bullock as Governor of Bermuda, c. 1912 | |
| Born | 15 August 1851[1] Warangal, British India |
| Died | 28 January 1926 (aged 74) Marylebone, London, England |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service | British Army |
| Rank | Lieutenant General |
| Commands | Bermuda Garrison West Riding Division British Troops in Egypt |
| Battles / wars | Second Boer War First World War |
| Awards | Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George Mentioned in Despatches |
Early life and education
editBullock was born in Warangal, British India, on 15 August 1851, the son of Susannah Juliana née Dennis (c1814—1866) and Colonel Thomas Henry Bullock (c1808—1868), Deputy Commissioner of Berar. He was educated at Cheltenham College, University College, Oxford, and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. He was the younger brother of Frederick Bullock.[2]
Military career
editBullock was commissioned into the 1st Battalion of the 11th Regiment of Foot as a lieutenant on 24 April 1872,[3] and attended the Staff College at Camberley in 1880. Promotion to captain followed on 22 February 1882, to major on 29 May 1891, and to lieutenant-colonel on 18 January 1897.[4] He was commanding officer of the 2nd Battalion of the Devonshire Regiment (as the 11th Regiment of Foot, in which Bullock was commissioned, was now known) who were deployed to South Africa for the Second Boer War,[3] and in 1902 was in command at Volksrust, where there was an internment camp for the Boers.[5] He was mentioned in despatches (including by Lord Kitchener, dated 23 June 1902).[6] The war ended in June 1902, and Bullock left Cape Town on the SS Scot in September, returning home.[7] For his services Bullock was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the April 1901 South Africa Honours list (the award was dated to 29 November 1900)[8] and he received the actual decoration from King Edward VII at Buckingham Palace on 24 October 1902.[9]
After the sudden death of the Chief Staff Officer in Egypt later the same year, Bullock was appointed to this position with the substantive rank of colonel on 21 November 1902.[10] Staying in Egypt, he became Brigadier-General commanding Alexandria District in 1904 and General Officer Commanding British Troops in Egypt in 1905. After returning home, he was appointed General Officer Commanding the West Riding Division in 1910.[3]
Bullock was appointed Governor and military General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Bermuda, a strategic Imperial fortress colony (now described as a British Overseas Territory) in the North Atlantic Ocean with a disproportionately large garrison, effective 11 May 1912 (with Lieutenant Pyeec Roland Bradford Lawrence, Coldstream Guards, as his Aide-de-Camp).[11][12]
Bullock is remembered as moving Government House to the centre of Bermuda's social life. The British Government saw Bermuda more as a base than as a colony. Since the American War of Independence, the Royal Naval Dockyard, Bermuda had been constructed and served as the headquarters of the Royal Navy in the western North Atlantic, and the large Bermuda Garrison had been built up to defend it. Vast sums had been spent in the 19th century on fortifying the islands, and its governors were appointed almost exclusively from the general officers of the British Army, especially from the Royal Engineers and the Royal Artillery.[13][14][15]
Bullock's predecessors had kept a distance from Bermuda's civilian population, but he made efforts to interact socially, opening Government House to prominent Bermudians and visitors, such as US President-elect Woodrow Wilson, for social functions. He also made efforts to take part in the normal social life of the colony.[16][17]
When Britain declared war on Germany in 1914, during the First World War, Bullock was temporarily overseas on leave, having left on the 25 July. The commanding officer of the 2nd Battalion of the Lincolnshire Regiment (2 Lincolns), based at Prospect Camp, Lieutenant-Colonel George Bunbury McAndrew, found himself acting Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Bermuda in Bullock's absence, and oversaw the colony's placement onto a war footing.[18][19][20] His leave cancelled, Bullock returned to Bermuda on the 7 August.[21][22]
A contingent from the Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps (BVRC) was detached in December 1914 to train for the Front. It was hoped this could join 2 Lincolns, but when it arrived in England 2 Lincolns was already in France. It was initially attached to the 3rd Battalion, before being attached to the First Battalion (1 Lincolns) on in France as two extra platoons. It was the first colonial volunteer contingent to reach the Western Front when it arrived there in June, 1915. The contingent had trained at Warwick Camp, in Bermuda, over the winter of 1914–1915. As the BVRC still had to meet its obligations as part of the garrison, maintaining patrols and guarding key points around the archipelago, it did not have enough officers to provide an Adjutant to the cadre. Bullock filled this role himself, a job normally performed by a captain. The contingent, as a result, was popularly known as Bullock's Boys.[23][24]
Bullock retired from the governorship in 1917,[12] but retained his link with the colony when he became the head of the London based Bermuda Contingents Committee on 13 June 1917. This committee had been formed the as a non-governmental agency in 1916 by Mr. Joseph Rippon (chairman), Mr. Boswell Tucker (Hon. Treasurer), Miss Gladys Trott (who would marry Harold Trimingham) (Hon. Secretary), Mrs. Ada Mary Tucker (born Bowden, the wife of the commander of the First Contingent of the Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps sent to the Lincolnshire Regiment, Major Richard Jennings Tucker), Mrs. Winifred Esther Everest Kitchener (daughter of the Hon. Arthur William Bluck, Mayor of the City of Hamilton and a Member of the Colonial Parliament, and wife of Major (future Squadron Leader) Henry Hamilton Kitchener of the Royal Engineers and the Royal Flying Corps, a son of the late Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Bermuda, Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick Walter Kitchener, who had died in office and been buried at Prospect Camp in 1912), and Mrs. J. Boyd. The committee had grown out of the role Ada Mary Tucker had previously performed, visiting wounded islanders in hospital, and acting to assist Bermudian servicemen in Britain. The committee was formed with official support from the colonial government to become its agency for ensuring the welfare of all Bermudian serving overseas during the war, not simply the members of the Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps contingents and Bermuda Contingent of the Royal Garrison Artillery.
In his new role as head of the committee, Bullock attempted to visit both the Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps contingent and the Bermuda Contingent RGA on the Western Front in 1917 but was only able to locate the former (the Bermuda Contingent RGA frequently moving, and having been scattered about the front in detachments).[25] An extract from a letter he wrote to his successor as Governor and GOC-in-C Bermuda, General Sir James Willcocks, was published in the 18 September 1917, issue of The Royal Gazette:
24th August, 1917.
"I have just come back from a short trip in France: where I saw the Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps Contingent attached to the 1st Lincoln Regiment.
I would like the people of Bermuda to know that all I saw, only about 20 were looking strong and healthy, and in very good spirits. The Officer Commanding the Lincolns spoke most highly of them and said that the Regiment thought they were very lucky in having them attached to them. That whenever there was a call for volunteers for any special job they were always the first to volunteer. He could not speak too highly of them.
I myself could hardly recognise them, they looked such war-hardened veterans; very different to the young looking men who started from Bermuda. They are now all machine gunners. Of course they have had severe casualties in killed and wounded. Several have got commissions and some were on leave.
I asked them if there was anything particular they were in want of, but the only thing they were anxious to get was a large supply of Bermuda cap and shoulder badges: which I will try to provide for through the Contingent Committee in London. I think the Committee have been trying to get them, but there has been some difficulty about it.
I tried to see the Bermuda Royal Garrison Artillery Contingent, but I could not find where they were, as I think they were engaged in the present offensive, and they get moved from place to place as required. I only came across one Staff Officer who had had them working under him in the 1st Army and he spoke very highly of them."[26]
Bullock also served as Colonel of the Devonshire Regiment from 1910 to 1921.[27]
Family
editBullock married Amy Isabella née Thomson (1854–1952) in 1884; Lady Amy Bullock was invested as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for her war work on 27 March 1918.[28]
References
edit- ^ India, Select Births and Baptisms, 1786–1947
- ^ a b "Obituary: Sir George Bullock". The Times. 29 January 1926. p. 14.
- ^ a b c "Bullock, George Mackworth". Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives. Archived from the original on 5 February 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
- ^ Hart′s army list, 1903
- ^ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36860. London. 30 August 1902. p. 4.
- ^ "No. 27459". The London Gazette. 29 July 1902. pp. 4835–4837.
- ^ "The Army in South Africa – Troops returning home". The Times. No. 36869. London. 10 September 1902. p. 5.
- ^ "No. 27306". The London Gazette. 19 April 1901. p. 2696.
- ^ "Court Circular". The Times. No. 36908. London. 25 October 1902. p. 8.
- ^ "No. 27505". The London Gazette. 19 December 1902. p. 8759.
- ^ HART'S ANNUAL ARMY LIST, SPECIAL RESERVE LIST, AND TERRITORIAL FORCE LIST, FOR 1913,(BEING THE SEVENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL VOLUME). London: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, LONDON. 1913. p. 116.
- ^ a b "Previous Governors of Bermuda". Government of Bermuda. 3 March 2016. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
- ^ "Bulwark of Empire: Bermuda's Fortified Naval Base 1860–1920", Lt.-Col. Roger Willock, USMC, The Bermuda Maritime Museum Press, The Bermuda Maritime Museum, P.O. Box MA 133, Mangrove Bay, Bermuda MA BX.
- ^ "Bermuda Forts 1612–1957", Dr. Edward C. Harris, The Bermuda Maritime Museum Press, The Bermuda Maritime Museum, P.O. Box MA 133, Mangrove Bay, Bermuda MA BX.
- ^ The Andrew and the Onions: The Story of the Royal Navy in Bermuda, 1795–1975, Lt. Commander Ian Strannack, The Bermuda Maritime Museum Press, The Bermuda Maritime Museum, P.O. Box MA 133, Mangrove Bay, Bermuda MA BX. ISBN 0-921560-03-6
- ^ "Presidents I've Known and Two Near Presidents", by Charles Willis Thompson. Publisher: Ayer Co Pub (June 1929). ISBN 0836917286.
- ^ "VISITS WILSON VIA KITCHEN.; Only Entrance Sir George Bullock Could Find to Governor's Cottage". 21 November 1912. p. 1. Retrieved 19 August 2020. (Special Cable to the New York Times)
- ^ "GOVERNMENT NOTICES. ADMINISTRATION OF THE GOVERNMENT". The Royal Gazette. Hamilton, Pembroke, Bermuda. 28 July 1914. p. 2.
His Excellency the Governor and Commander-in-Chief left the Colony on six weeks leave of absence on the 25th of July, 1914. Lieutenant-Colonel George Bunbury McAndrew, commanding the 2nd Battalion Lincolnshire Regiment, Senior Military Combatant Officer for the time being in command of His Majesty's regular troops, was sworn in as Officer Administering the Government by the Honourable the Colonial Secretary at the Council Chamber in the presence of the Members of His Majesty's Executive Council at 12.30 p.m. on the same date.
- ^ The Royal Gazette, 6 August 1914: GOVERNMENT NOTICES. A PROCLAMATION! (MARTIAL LAW REGULATIONS). By His Excellency George Bunbury McAndrew, Lieutenant-Colonel, Officer Administering the Government and Commander-in-Chief in and over these Islands, &c., &c., &c.
- ^ "DEAD MAN'S FRUIT". The Royal Gazette. Hamilton, Pembroke, Bermuda. 25 March 1915. p. 2.
Details of the fight at Neuve Chapelle are filtering through. It was a British victory in the fullest sense It cost dearly; and in the roll of honour is inscribed the name of Colonel McAndrew of the Lincolnshire Regiment who was Acting Governor of Bermuda at the outbreak of the war. When his regiment was summoned home the Corporation of Hamilton presented an address, to which Colonel McAndrew replied, and expressed the hope that they might be sent to the front to assist in carrying freedom and justice into Berlin. He has done his duty like a British officer and this little Colony will long cherish his memory.
- ^ "GOVERNMENT NOTICES. ADMINISTRATION OF THE GOVERNMENT". The Royal Gazette. Hamilton, Pembroke, Bermuda. 8 August 1914. p. 2.
His Excellency Lieutenant-General Sir George Mackworth Bullock, K.C.B., Governor and Commander-in-Chief, having returned to the Colony on the 7th of August, 1914, resumed the administration of Government on that date. Colonial Secretary's Office.
- ^ "GOVERNMENT NOTICES. CANCELLATION OF LEAVE OF ABSENCE". The Royal Gazette. Hamilton, Pembroke, Bermuda. 8 August 1914. p. 2.
With reference to Government Notice of the 28th of July, 1914, the unexpired portion of the leave of absence granted to His Excellency the Governor, viz. from the 7th of August to the 4th of September, 1914, inclusive, is cancelled.
- ^ "Defence, Not Defiance: A History of the Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps", Jennifer M. Ingham (now Jennifer M. Hind), ISBN 0-9696517-1-6. Printed by The Island Press Ltd., Pembroke, Bermuda.
- ^ "The Speaker's Dinner". The Royal Gazette. Hamilton, Pembroke, Bermuda. 15 April 1915. p. 2.
The young manhood of Bermuda were not anxious to let others fight the battles of the Empire when they could take a hand in it, and a number of them – without a doubt the finest of the young men here – volunteered to go on active service, and to prepare themselves thoroughly to it. I know something about it because it so happened at the time there was no regular adjutant of the Volunteers and, in my old age, I had to take on and do the work. So I have seen their work and their progress and it is my belief that when they get to the front they will take a perfectly good place – if not a foremost place – among the new brigades which have been formed in England. (applause). The men are good shots; they are atheletes, full of zeal and any of you who have seen them on the march must admit that they are in the pink of condition. They are very keen and I have full confidence that the Colony will be proud of them – (applause.)
- ^ "BERMUDA CONTINGENTS IN THE GREAT WAR: AND THOSE WHO SERVED IN ALLIED FORCES". The Bermuda Almanack 1919. Bermuda: The Royal Gazette, City of Hamilton, Pembroke, Bermuda. 1919.
- ^ Bullock, KCB, KCMG, Lieutenant-General Sir George Mackworth (18 September 1917). "VISITS "OUR BOYS" IN FRANCE" (Press release). Bournemouth: The Royal Gazette Bermuda (for Government House, Bermuda).
{{cite press release}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "The Devonshire Regiment at the archive of regiments.org". Archived from the original on 13 January 2008. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
- ^ "Lady Amy Bullock". Imperial War Museum.