George William Mundelein (July 2, 1872 – October 2, 1939) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Chicago from 1915 until his death and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1924.
George Mundelein | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Cardinal, Archbishop of Chicago | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Archdiocese | Chicago | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Appointed | December 9, 1915 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Installed | February 9, 1916 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Term ended | October 2, 1939 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | James Edward Quigley | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Samuel Stritch | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Born | July 2, 1872 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Died | October 2, 1939 (aged 67) Mundelein, Illinois | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motto | Dominus Adjutor Meus (Latin for 'The Lord Is My Help') | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Ordination history | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source(s):Catholic-Hierarchy.org[1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Early life and ministry
edit| Styles of George Mundelein | |
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| Reference style | His Eminence |
| Spoken style | Your Eminence |
| Informal style | Cardinal |
| See | Chicago |
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George Mundelein was born on Avenue C in the East Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City.[2] He was the only son of Francis and Mary (née Goetz) Mundelein, who were of German descent; he had two sisters, Margaret and Catherine.[3] George Mundelein's grandfather fought in the American Civil War.[4]
Mundelein received his early education at the parochial school of St. Nicholas Kirche in Manhattan. He attended La Salle Academy and Manhattan College, where he befriended Patrick Hayes (a future cardinal and archbishop of New York).[5] Mundelein graduated from Manhattan College in 1889 with high honors. He then studied at St. Vincent Seminary in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, and the Pontifical Urbaniana University in Rome.[6]
Mundelein was ordained to the priesthood for the Diocese of Brooklyn by Bishop Charles McDonnell on June 8, 1895.[7]
After Mundelein returned to the United States, the Diocese assigned him to pastoral work in its parishes. He served as secretary to McDonnell until 1897. In 1897, Mundelein was appointed chancellor for the diocese.
Auxiliary Bishop of Brooklyn
editOn June 30, 1909, Mundelein was appointed auxiliary bishop of Brooklyn and titular bishop of Loryma by Pope Pius X. He received his episcopal consecration on September 21, 1909, from McDonnell, with Bishops Charles H. Colton and John O'Connor serving as co-consecrators, at St. James Cathedral-Basilica.[7] At age 36, Mundelein was the youngest bishop in the country.[6]
Archbishop of Chicago
editMundelein was named the third archbishop of Chicago on December 9, 1915, by Pope Benedict XV.[7] The pope had originally intended to appoint Mundelein as bishop of the Diocese of Buffalo, with the more experienced Bishop Dennis Dougherty becoming archbishop of Chicago. However, the British government reportedly objected to having a bishop of German ancestry in Chicago, so close to the Canadian border, during World War I.[8][9] To placate them, Benedict XV named Dougherty to Buffalo and Mundelein to Chicago.
Mundelein was formally installed as archbishop on February 9, 1916, and was appointed an assistant at the pontifical throne on May 8, 1920.[7]
The archdiocese greatly expanded its charity outreach during the Great Depression, rivaling the efforts of Chicago's Associated Jewish Charities. It established a city-wide network of St. Vincent de Paul Societies.
Poison plot 1916
editAt a large dinner held at the University Club of Chicago on February 12, 1916, chef Jean Crones slipped arsenic into the soup. His intent was to poison Mundelein and over 100 other guests, including Illinois Governor Edward F. Dunne. However, the potency of the arsenic was reduced because the kitchen staff was forced to water down soup to accommodate 50 extra guests.
As the diners started exhibiting symptoms of arsenic poisoning, a doctor at the event prepared a makeshift emetic that the victims could drink to promote vomiting.[10][11] Mundelein ate only a bite or two of the soup and was unharmed.[12] There were no fatalities. Newspapers later referred to the incident as the "Mundelein poison soup plot".
Police were unable to apprehend Crones after the supper. Their investigation revealed that his real name was Nestor Dondoglio and that he belonged to the Galleanist circle of anarchists.[13]
Catholic schools
editAlmost half the Chicago population was Catholic by the 1920s. For decades, the parishes had been building and running their own schools, employing religious sisters as inexpensive teachers. The languages of instruction were often German or Polish. On taking office, Mundelein centralized control of the parish schools. The archdiocesan building committee now picked the locations for new schools while its school board standardized the school curricula, textbooks, teacher training, testing, and educational policies.[14] Simultaneously he gained a voice in city hall, and Catholic William J. Bogan became superintendent of public schools.[15]
Cardinal
editPope Pius XI created Mundelein as cardinal-priest of the Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome during the consistory of March 24, 1924. With his elevation, Chicago became the first archdiocese west of the Allegheny Mountains to have a cardinal.[3] In 1926, Mundelein presided over the 28th International Eucharistic Congress in Chicago.
In 1933, the Vatican appointed Mundelein as judge for the apostolic process for Mother Frances Cabrini's cause for canonization.[16]
Mundelein served as papal legate to the eighth National Eucharistic Congress in New Orleans, Louisiana, on September 13, 1938. He also served as a cardinal elector in the 1939 papal conclave that selected Pope Pius XII.[17]
Death
editMundelein died from heart disease in his sleep on October 2, 1939, in Mundelein, Illinois (a village renamed in his own honor 14 years prior to his death), at age 67. He is buried behind the main altar of the chapel at Mundelein Seminary, which was founded on his initiative.
Views
editChurch and politics
editConsidered a liberal,[18] Mundelein was a friend of US President Franklin D. Roosevelt and a supporter of Roosevelt's New Deal initiative.[19][20] A staunch supporter of trade unions, Mundelein once remarked:
Selfish employers of labor have flattered the Church by calling it the great conservative force, and then called upon it to act as a police force while they paid but a pittance of wage to those who work for them. I hope that day has gone by. Our place is beside the workingman.[21]
Film industry
editMundelein commented on the film industry in 1934, saying, "We don't like the Mae West type ... The kind of film in which Will Rogers, Janet Gaynor, and Victor Moore appear is what we have in mind."[22]
Marriage
editIn 1935, Mundelein said "that not war, nor famine, nor pestilence have brought so much suffering and pain to the human race, as have hasty, ill-advised marriages, unions entered into without the knowledge, the preparation, the thought even an important commercial contract merits and receives. God made marriage an indissoluble contract, Christ made it a sacrament, the world today has made it a plaything of passion, an accompaniment of sex, a scrap of paper to be torn up at the whim of the participants."[23] He was an outspoken opponent of artificial contraception.[24]
Ethnic groups
editDuring his tenure in Chicago, Mundelein launched an effort to unify ethnic Catholic groups such as the Poles and Italians into territorial, instead of ethnic, parishes with mixed success. St. Monica's parish, however, was endorsed by Mundelein as the city's sole black parish, leading to distaste for the archbishop in both the early 1900s and today. After constructing the landmark Archbishop Quigley Preparatory Seminary in Chicago, Mundelein built St. Mary of the Lake Seminary, later renamed Mundelein Seminary in his honor, in what is now Mundelein, Illinois.[25][26] Quigley Seminary was the site of Mundelein's 1937 "paper hanger" speech, criticizing German Chancellor Adolf Hitler and other Nazi leaders. He also organized the construction of other churches in the see, such as the Saint Philip Neri church and the Corpus Christi Church, both designed by Chicago architect Joseph W. McCarthy.[27] He publicly sparred with the Father Charles Coughlin,[28] the Detroit Catholic priest who broadcast anti-banking and anti-Semitic views to millions of radio listeners until he was forced off the air in 1939.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "George William Cardinal Mundelein". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. February 25, 2024. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
- ^ Bennett, William Harper (1927). Handbook to Catholic Historical New York City. New York: Schwartz, Kirwin & Fauss.
- ^ a b "Two Americans". Time. March 17, 1924. Archived from the original on November 21, 2010. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
- ^ Walsh, James Joseph. Our American Cardinals. 1969, Ayer Publishing.
- ^ "Catholics in Cleveland". Time. September 30, 1935. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
- ^ a b Lewis, Michael. "George Cardinal Mundelein (1872-1939)", University of Saint Mary of the Lake
- ^ a b c d "George William Cardinal Mundelein [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved November 26, 2024.
- ^ Fogarty, Gerald P. (1989). Patterns of Episcopal Leadership. Macmillan.
- ^ Morris, Charles R. (2002). "God's Bricklayer". American Catholic Studies. 113 (3/4): 3–53. JSTOR 44195159.
- ^ Avrich, Paul, Sacco and Vanzetti: The Anarchist Background, Princeton University Press (1991), p. 98
- ^ Bruns, Roger A., The Damndest Radical: The Life and World of Ben Reitman, University of Illinois Press (1987), ISBN 0-252-06989-7, p. 154
- ^ Norton, W. B. (February 13, 1916). "Mundelein Not Worried By Plot To Poison Diners". Chicago Tribune. p. 4. Retrieved December 19, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Chicago Daily Tribune". March 22, 1920.
- ^ James W. Sanders, The education of an urban minority: Catholics in Chicago, 1833-1965 (Oxford UP, 1977) pp. 126-136, 147-160.
- ^ James W. Sanders, The education of an urban minority: Catholics in Chicago, 1833-1965 (Oxford UP, 1977) pp. 126-136, 147-160.
- ^ "Chicago Tribunal". Time. September 18, 1933. Archived from the original on September 18, 2008.
- ^ Miranda, Salvador. "Mundelein, George William". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Builder's Death". Time. October 9, 1939. Archived from the original on March 8, 2008.
- ^ "Plot". Time. November 21, 1938. Archived from the original on August 26, 2010.
- ^ "Religion and Democracy". Time. January 16, 1939. Archived from the original on December 14, 2008.
- ^ "Catholics for Labor". Time. June 2, 1941. Archived from the original on June 24, 2010.
- ^ "Mundelein Message". Time. October 1, 1934. Archived from the original on November 25, 2010.
- ^ "Marriage". Time. October 1, 1935. Archived from the original on December 22, 2011.
- ^ "Birth Control". Time. December 17, 1923. Archived from the original on March 13, 2010.
- ^ Archbishop Quigley Preparatory Seminary
- ^ University of St. Mary of the Lake/Mundelein Seminary - Contact us Archived September 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Joseph William McCarthy at Emporis[usurped]
- ^ "Not Authorized". Time. December 19, 1938. Archived from the original on August 26, 2010.
Further reading
edit- Kantowicz, Edward R. "Cardinal Mundelein of Chicago and the Shaping of Twentieth-Century American Catholicism." Journal of American History 68.1 (1981): 52-68. online
- Kantowicz, Edward R. Corporation Sole: Cardinal Mundelein and Chicago Catholicism (U of Notre Dame Press, 1983).
- Sanders, James W. The education of an urban minority: Catholics in Chicago, 1833-1965 (Oxford UP, 1977).
Primary sources
edit- Mundelein, George William. Two Crowded Years: Being Selected Addresses, Pastorals, and Letters Issued During the First Twenty-four Months of the Episcopate of the Most Rev. George William Mundelein, DD, as Archbishop of Chicago (Extension Press, 1918) online.
