Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. (DIN; in English, the German Institute for Standardisation) is a German non-profit organization and acting as national organization for standardization. DIN is the German ISO member body. DIN is headquartered in Berlin. There are around thirty thousand DIN Standards, covering nearly every field of technology.
 | |
 | |
| Types | nonprofit organization |
|---|---|
| Legal status | registered association |
| Headquarters | Berlin |
| Country | Germany |
| Membership | 3,518 (2022) |
History
editFounded in 1917 as the Normenausschuß der deutschen Industrie (NADI, "Standardisation Committee of German Industry"), the NADI was renamed Deutscher Normenausschuß (DNA, "German Standardisation Committee") in 1926 to reflect that the organization now dealt with standardization issues in many fields; viz., not just for industrial products. In 1975 it was renamed again to Deutsches Institut für Normung, or 'DIN' and is recognised by the German government as the official national-standards body, representing German interests at the international and European levels.
The acronym, 'DIN' is often incorrectly expanded as Deutsche Industrienorm ("German Industry Standard"). This is largely due to the historic origin of the DIN as "NADI". The NADI indeed published their standards as DI-Norm (Deutsche Industrienorm). For example, the first published standard was 'DI-Norm 1' (about tapered pins) in 1918. Many people still mistakenly associate DIN with the old DI-Norm naming convention.
One of the earliest, and probably the best known, is DIN 476 — the standard that introduced the A-series paper sizes in 1922 — adopted in 1975 as International Standard ISO 216. Common examples in modern technology include DIN and mini-DIN connectors for electronics, and the DIN rail.
DIN SPEC 3105, published in 2020, is "the first German standard to be published under an open license (CC-BY-SA 4.0) [...] to implement an open standardisation process".[1]
DIN organisation
editDIN is a nonprofit organization by German law. The nonprofit owns DIN Solutions GmbH, which produces the DIN contents and DIN Media (formerly Beuth Verlag), which sells the DIN-standard manuals. DIN is shareholder of DIN Bauportal GmbH and DQS Holding GmbH.[2]
DIN standard designation
editThe designation of a DIN standard shows its origin (# denotes a number):
- DIN # is used for German standards with primarily domestic significance or designed as a first step toward international status. E DIN # is a draft standard and DIN V # is a preliminary standard.
- DIN EN # is used for the German edition of European standards.
- DIN ISO # is used for the German edition of ISO standards.
- DIN EN ISO # is used if the standard has also been adopted as a European standard.,
Some of the DIN standards date back to the time of Nazi Germany. For example, standard DIN 5009, which describes the German Phonetic spelling code, is based on the postal spelling table, that was heavily edited by the Nazis. Until 1934 it specified "D" for David, "S" for Samuel, "Z" for Zacharias and "N" for Nathan. However, this went against the Nazis' ethnic-racial ideology and they decided to revise the letter board. The postal spelling table was partially revised in 1950 and formed the basis for the first version of the standard in 1983. The standard was revised again in 2022, using city names instead of person names.[3][4]
Examples of DIN standards
edit- DIN 476: international paper sizes (now ISO 216 or DIN EN ISO 216)
- DIN 1451: typeface used by German railways and on traffic signs
- DIN 31635: transliteration of the Arabic language
- DIN 41612: mechanical standard for backplane electrical connection
- DIN 72552: electric terminal numbers in automobiles
Access to standards
editDIN standards are not freely accessible to the public. DIN sells subscriptions with the descriptions of the DIN-standards via DIN Solutions GmbH and DIN Media.
For four EN standards, which are available as DIN-EN standards for a fee from DIN Media GmbH (formerly Beuth Verlag),[5][6][7][8] the European Court of Justice (ECJ) decided on March 5, 2024, that these must be made available free of charge because these standards are part of European Union law.[9]
Critics
editHow DIN creates standards is not transparent.[citation needed] The majority of the standardization committees consist of representatives of the companies that are affected by the standards. DIN does not publish the names of committee members.[10]
In 2023, the Federal Ministry for Housing, Urban Development and Building launched an initiative to question DIN standards because they are considered a cost driver. “A central goal is to speed up planning and construction and reduce construction costs in order to create more affordable housing. “The building standards are now being reviewed,” said a spokesman for Klara Geywitz's (SPD) ministry in 2023.[11]
See also
edit- Austrian Standards International – Standards organization and the ISO member body for Austria
- Swiss Association for Standardization – Voluntary association
- Die Brücke – German advocacy institute, an earlier German institute aiming to set standard paper sizes
- DIN film speed – Measure of a photographic film's sensitivity to light
- DIN connector – Electrical connector
- Scuba DIN connection
- Scuba DIN connectors
- DQS - Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Zertifizierung von Managementsystemen – German holding company, a subsidiary of DIN
- DGQ - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Qualität – German quality management organization, founded in 1985 together with DIN
- List of DIN standards – Standards published by the German institute for standardization
External links
edit- DIN home page (German version)
- DIN home page (English version)
- Guidance paper Archived 2022-03-18 at the Wayback Machine (in German)
- Further education (in German)
- Web Courses (official education partner) (in German)
- Safety instructions (official DIN education partner) (in German)
- Training for engineers, managers and experts (official education partner) (in German)
- International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
References
edit- ^ Bonvoisin, Jérémy; Molloy, Jenny; Haeuer, Martin; Wenzel, Tobias (2020-04-15). "Standardisation of Practices in Open Source Hardware". Journal of Open Hardware. 4. arXiv:2004.07143. doi:10.5334/joh.22. S2CID 215768760.
- ^ Organigram DIN Gruppe - pdf
- ^ Zips, Martin (2019-11-06). "In Deutschland wird nationalsozialistisch buchstabiert". Süddeutsche.de (in German). Retrieved 2024-07-30.
- ^ DIN, ed. (13 May 2022). "Von Aachen bis Zwickau – DIN 5009 mit neuer Buchstabiertafel auf Basis von Städtenamen veröffentlicht" (in German). Retrieved 13 May 2022.
- ^ "DIN EN 71-4:2013-05". dinmedia.de (in German). DIN Media GmbH. Retrieved 2024-05-04.
- ^ "DIN EN 71-5:2015-12". dinmedia.de (in German). DIN Media GmbH. Retrieved 2024-05-04.
- ^ "DIN EN 71-12:2013-07". dinmedia.de (in German). DIN Media GmbH. Retrieved 2024-05-04.
- ^ "DIN EN 12472:2006-03; German version of EN 12472:2005". dinmedia.de (in German). DIN Media GmbH. Retrieved 2024-05-09.
- ^ "JUDGMENT OF THE COURT (Grand Chamber), 5 March 2024 (*), (Appeal – Access to documents of the institutions of the European Union – Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001 – Article 4(2) – Exceptions – Refusal to grant access to a document whose disclosure would undermine the protection of commercial interests of a natural or legal person, including intellectual property – Overriding public interest in disclosure – Harmonised standards adopted by the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) – Protection deriving from copyright – Principle of the rule of law – Principle of transparency – Principle of openness – Principle of good governance), In Case C‑588/21 P". curia.europa.eu. European Court of Justice (ECJ). 2024-03-05. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
- ^ Deutscher Bundestag Drucksache 19/7292, 19. Wahlperiode, 22.01.2019
- ^ "Handelsblatt".