Wikipedia

George Floyd

(Redirected from Geroge Floyd)
For other uses, see George Floyd (disambiguation).

George Perry Floyd Jr. (October 14, 1973 – May 25, 2020) was an African American man who was murdered by a white police officer in Minneapolis, Minnesota, during an arrest made after a store clerk suspected Floyd might have used a counterfeit twenty-dollar bill, on May 25, 2020.[3] Derek Chauvin, one of four police officers who arrived on the scene, knelt on Floyd's neck and back for 9 minutes and 29 seconds, fatally asphyxiating him.[4] After his murder, a series of protests against police brutality, especially towards black people, quickly spread globally and across the United States. His dying words, "I can't breathe", became a rallying slogan.

George Floyd
Floyd in October 2016
Born
George Perry Floyd Jr.

(1973-10-14)October 14, 1973[1]
Fayetteville, North Carolina, U.S.
DiedMay 25, 2020(2020-05-25) (aged 46)
Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
Cause of deathCardiopulmonary arrest due to neck compression[2]
Resting placeHouston Memorial Gardens, Pearland, Texas, U.S.
Occupations
  • Truck driver
  • security guard
Known forCircumstances of his death
Children5

Born in Fayetteville, North Carolina, Floyd grew up in Houston, Texas, playing football and basketball throughout high school and college. Between 1997 and 2005, he was convicted of eight crimes. He served four years in prison after accepting a plea bargain for a 2007 aggravated robbery in a home invasion.[5] After he was paroled in 2013, he served as a mentor in his religious community and posted anti-violence videos to social media.[6][7][8][9] In 2014, he moved to the Minneapolis area, residing in the nearby suburb of St. Louis Park, and worked as a truck driver and bouncer. In 2020, he lost both jobs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

After his death, the City of Minneapolis settled a wrongful death lawsuit with Floyd's family for $27 million. Chauvin was convicted on two counts of murder and one count of manslaughter on April 20, 2021,[10] and on June 25, 2021, was sentenced to 22+1⁄2 years in prison.[11] The other three officers at the scene were also later convicted of violating Floyd's civil rights.[12]

Early life and education

Floyd was born on October 14, 1973, in Fayetteville, North Carolina, to George Perry (1949–2002) and Larcenia "Cissy" Jones Floyd (1947–2018).[8][13] He had four siblings.[14][15][16]

When Floyd was two, after his parents separated, his mother moved with the children to Houston, Texas. The family settled in the Cuney Homes public housing complex,[6][17][18] known as the Bricks, in Houston's Third Ward, a historically African-American neighborhood.[8][13][6] Floyd was called Perry as a child and also Big Floyd; being over six feet (183 cm) tall in middle school, he saw sports as a vehicle for improving his life.[6]

Floyd attended Ryan Middle School[19] and graduated from Yates High School in 1993. While at Yates, he was co-captain of the basketball team, playing as a power forward. He was also on the football team as a tight end, and in 1992, his team went to the Texas state championships.[8][15][6][17]

The first of his siblings to go to college, Floyd attended South Florida Community College for two years on a football scholarship and also played on the basketball team.[6][20][21] He transferred to Texas A&M University–Kingsville in 1995, where he also played basketball before dropping out.[22][23][24] Floyd became a friend of future National Basketball Association (NBA) player Stephen Jackson, who was referred to as his twin because of their strong resemblance to one another, after being introduced in the mid-1990s.[25][26] At his tallest, he was 6 feet 6 inches (198 cm) tall.[27][15][28] By the time of his autopsy, he was 6 feet 4 inches (193 cm) tall and weighed 223 pounds (101 kg).[29]

Adult life

Post-college

Floyd returned to Houston from college in Kingsville, Texas, in 1995 where he became an automotive customizer and played club basketball.[22][30] Beginning in 1994, he performed as a rapper using the stage name Big Floyd in the hip-hop group Screwed Up Click.[31][32][33][34] The New York Times described his deep-voiced rhymes as "purposeful", delivered in a slow-motion clip about "'choppin' blades' – driving cars with oversize rims – and his Third Ward pride."[6] The second rap group he was involved in was Presidential Playas and he worked on their album Block Party released in 2000.[35]

Criminal convictions

Between 1997 and 2005, Floyd served eight jail terms on various charges, including drug possession, theft, and trespass.[6][15] In one of these cases, Floyd was convicted of possessing half a gram of crack cocaine in 2004 based on the sole testimony of police officer Gerald Goines. Later in 2019, Goines' involvement in the Harding Street raid led to Goines being investigated for a pattern of falsifying evidence. As a result, in April 2021, the district attorney of Harris County, Texas, requested a posthumous pardon for this particular conviction of Floyd's because of Goines' lack of credibility.[36][37] In October 2021, the Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles recommended Floyd be posthumously pardoned for this conviction but withdrew the recommendation (and also withdrew 24 other clemency recommendations) in December 2021, citing "procedural errors and lack of compliance with board rules", while announcing that it would reconsider these recommendations.[38]

In 2007, Floyd faced charges for aggravated robbery with a deadly weapon; according to investigators, he entered an apartment by impersonating a water department worker and barging in with five other men, held a pistol to a woman's stomach, and searched for items to steal.[18][39][40] Floyd was arrested three months later during a traffic stop, and victims of the robbery identified him from a photo array.[40] In 2009, Floyd was sentenced to five years in prison as part of a plea deal[39][41][42] and was paroled in January 2013.[22]

Post-prison life

After his release, Floyd became more involved with Resurrection Houston, a Christian church and ministry, where he mentored young men and posted anti-violence videos to social media.[6][7][8][9] He delivered meals to senior citizens and volunteered with other projects, such as the Angel By Nature Foundation, a charity founded by rapper Trae tha Truth.[43] Later, Floyd became involved with a ministry that brought men from the Third Ward to Minnesota in a church-work program with drug rehabilitation and job placement services.[6] A friend of his acknowledged that Floyd "had made some mistakes that cost him some years of his life" and noted that he was turning his life around through religion.[7]

In 2014, Floyd moved to Minneapolis to rebuild his life and find work.[41][44] Soon after his arrival, he completed a 90-day rehabilitation program at the Turning Point program in north Minneapolis. He expressed the need for a job and took up security work at Harbor Light Center, a Salvation Army homeless shelter.[40] He lost that job and took several other ones. Floyd hoped to earn a commercial driver's license to operate trucks. He passed the required drug test, and program administrators felt that his criminal past did not pose a problem. But he dropped out because his job at a nightclub made it difficult to attend morning classes, and he felt pressure to earn money. Floyd later moved to St. Louis Park and lived with former colleagues.[40] He continued to battle drug addiction and went through periods of use and sobriety.[40]

An influential member of his community, Floyd was respected for his ability to relate with others in his environment based on a shared experience of hardships and setbacks, having served time in prison and living in a poverty-stricken project in Houston.[7] In a video addressing youth in his neighborhood, Floyd reminded his audience that he had his own "shortcomings" and "flaws" and that he was not better than anyone else. He also expressed his disdain for violence taking place in the community, advising his neighbors to put down their weapons and remember that they were loved by him and God.[7]

In May 2019, Floyd was detained by Minneapolis police when an unlicensed car in which he was a passenger was pulled over in a traffic stop. Floyd was found with a bottle of pain pills. Officers handcuffed him and took him to the city's third police precinct station. Floyd told police he did not sell the pills and that they were related to his own addiction. When he appeared agitated, officers encouraged him to relax and helped calm him down, and they later called an ambulance as they grew worried about his condition. No charges were filed in connection with the incident.[40]

In 2019, Floyd worked in security at the El Nuevo Rodeo club, where police officer Derek Chauvin also worked off-duty as a security guard.[45] In 2020, Floyd was working part-time as a security guard at the Conga Latin Bistro club and began another job as a delivery driver. He lost the delivery driver job in January after being cited for driving without a valid commercial license and for being involved in a minor crash. He was looking for another job when the COVID-19 pandemic hit Minnesota, and his personal financial situation worsened when the club closed in March because of pandemic rules.[40] Also in March, Floyd was hospitalized after overdosing on drugs.[46] In April, he contracted COVID-19, but he recovered a few weeks later.[6][14]

Murder

Main article: Murder of George Floyd
 
Memorial to Floyd two days after his murder

On May 25, 2020, police were called by a Cup Foods grocery store employee, who suspected that Floyd had used a counterfeit $20 bill.[47] Floyd was sitting in a car with two other passengers. Police officers forcibly removed him from the car and handcuffed him.[48]

Floyd was murdered by Derek Chauvin, a white Minneapolis police officer,[49] who pressed his knee to Floyd's neck for 9 minutes and 29 seconds[50] while Floyd was handcuffed face down in the street.[51][52][53] As seen in a witness's cellphone video,[6][54] two other officers further restrained Floyd, and a fourth prevented onlookers from intervening[55]: 6:24 [56][57] as Floyd repeatedly stated that he could not breathe.[13] During the final two minutes,[58] Floyd was motionless and had no pulse,[59][60] but Chauvin kept his knee on Floyd's neck and back even as emergency medical technicians arrived to treat Floyd.[61]: 7:21 

The medical examiner found that Floyd's heart stopped while he was being restrained and that his death was a homicide[62][29] caused by "cardiopulmonary arrest complicating law enforcement subdual, restraint, and neck compression",[2] though fentanyl intoxication and recent methamphetamine use may have increased the likelihood of death.[63][64] A second autopsy, commissioned by Floyd's family,[65][66] also found his death to be a homicide, specifically citing asphyxia due to neck and back compression;[67][65][68] it ruled out the possibility that underlying medical problems contributed to Floyd's death[69] and said that Floyd being able to speak while under Chauvin's knee did not mean he could breathe.[69]

On March 12, 2021, the Minneapolis city council approved a settlement of $27 million to the Floyd family after a wrongful death lawsuit.[70]

Chauvin was fired and charged with second-degree murder, third-degree murder and second-degree manslaughter.[71][72] He was found guilty on all three murder and manslaughter charges on April 20, 2021.[54] On May 12, Hennepin county district judge Peter Cahill allowed the prosecution to seek a greater prison sentence for Chauvin after finding that he treated Floyd "with particular cruelty".[73] On June 25, Judge Cahill sentenced Chauvin to twenty-two and a half years in prison.[74]

Legacy

Demonstrations

Main article: George Floyd protests

After Floyd's murder, there were global protests and riots[75][76][77] against the use of excessive force by police officers against black suspects and a lack of police accountability. Protests began in Minneapolis the day after Floyd’s murder and developed in cities throughout all 50 U.S. states and internationally.[78][79] The New York Times described the events in the wake of Floyd's murder and the video that circulated of it as "the largest protests in the United States since the Civil Rights era."[80] Calls to defund and abolish the police were widespread.[81] The protests became the first civil disorder event to exceed $1 billion in losses to the insurance industry.[77] In some cities, protests were so violent that curfews were put in place.[82]

Memorials

Main article: Memorials to George Floyd
 
The carriage carrying Floyd's casket to his burial in Pearland, Texas, on June 9, 2020

Several memorial services were held. On June 4, 2020, a memorial service for Floyd took place in Minneapolis. Al Sharpton delivered the eulogy.[83] Services were held in North Carolina with a public viewing and private service on June 6 and in Houston on June 8 and 9.[84] Floyd was buried next to his mother in Pearland, Texas.[85][86][87]

Colleges and universities that created scholarships in Floyd's name included North Central University, which hosted a memorial service for Floyd,[88][89] Alabama State, Oakwood University,[90][91] Missouri State University, Southeast Missouri State, Ohio University,[92][93][94] Buffalo State College, and Copper Mountain College.[95][96][97] Amid nationwide protests over Floyd's murder, Netflix CEO Reed Hastings and his wife, Patty Quillin, made a $120 million donation to be split equally among Morehouse College, Spelman College, and the United Negro College Fund.[98] The donation was the largest ever made to historically black colleges and universities.[99]

In 2020, social-media-based artists and activists posted tributes to Floyd; one of the more popular tributes was a digital illustration created by Shirien Damra, which had more than 3.4 million likes on Instagram.[100][101] Damra's work was later turned into painted murals in many communities and used in other ways.[102][103] Other viral social-media-based tributes to Floyd were made by Nikkolas Smith, Stormy Nesbit, Dani Coke, Robin Hilkey, and Miriam Mosqueda.[104][105]

 
Tributes and mural outside Cup Foods, where Floyd was murdered

Street artists globally created murals honoring Floyd. Depictions included Floyd as a ghost in Minneapolis, as an angel in Houston, and as a saint weeping blood in Naples. A mural on the International Wall in Belfast commissioned by Festival of the People (Féile an Phobail) and Visit West Belfast (Fáilte Feirste Thiar) featured a large portrait of Floyd above a tableau showing Chauvin kneeling on Floyd's neck while the three other officers turn their backs and each covers his eyes, ears, or mouth in the manner of the Three wise monkeys ("See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil").[106][107][108] One Houston mural is on the side of Scott Food Mart in the Third Ward,[109][110] while the other is on the property of The Breakfast Klub restaurant in Midtown.[111] A childhood friend of Floyd's said that Floyd would never "have imagined that this is the tragic way people would know his name."[6]

A GoFundMe account to support Floyd's funeral costs and benefit his family broke the site's record for number of individual donations.[112]

 
Makeshift memorial near site of murder

By June 6, murals had been created in many cities, including Manchester, Dallas, Miami, Idlib, Los Angeles, Nairobi, Oakland, Strombeek-Bever, Berlin, Pensacola, and La Mesa.[113][114] The mural in Manchester was defaced with graffiti, resulting in a Greater Manchester Police investigation into the incident.[115] Beyond the creation of the mural, Floyd's murder has also brought attention to the presence of institutional racism within the United Kingdom.[116] Protest graffiti has also been put up throughout Los Angeles, offering phrases such as "I Can't Breathe", "Say Their Names", and others.[citation needed] The phrase "Black Lives Matter" has also been used often in the outpouring of protest regarding Floyd's murder.[117] The phrase has been especially popular on social media platforms.[118] Since Floyd's murder, there has also been a global outcry for memorials commemorating bigoted individuals to be demolished.[119]

A bill proposed by US Representative Sheila Jackson Lee, the George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act, was designed to reduce police brutality and establish national policing standards and accreditations.[120][121] In addition to the work of lawmakers, there has been an outcry from leaders in varieties of fields. Researcher Temitope Oriola, author of 'How police departments can identify and oust killer cops', wrote the piece intending to prevent more deaths mirroring Floyd's.[122] Oxiris Barbot, former New York City Health Commissioner, wrote an article describing Floyd's murder as "collective moral injury" and compared it to "the sustained acuity of health inequities playing out in horrifying details through the COVID-19 pandemic."[123] Religious leaders have also been called upon to address violence taking place against black Americans.[124]

The length of time that Chauvin was initially believed to have had his knee on Floyd's neck, eight minutes 46 seconds, was widely commemorated as a "moment of silence" to honor Floyd.[125][126]

Floyd's murder was featured prominently in The Economist, with the magazine running an obituary, multiple articles, and numerous reader letters, ultimately making Floyd's legacy its June 13 cover story.[127] It wrote that his legacy "[is] the rich promise of social reform."[128]

In August 2020, musician John Mellencamp released the song "A Pawn in the White Man's Game", a reworking of Bob Dylan's 1964 song "Only a Pawn in Their Game", which reflected on the killing of Civil Rights activist Medger Evers. Mellencamp's version featured new lyrics that reflected the racial conflicts in the U.S. that followed in the wake of Floyd's murder. Mellencamp also posted a video on YouTube which included a warning that it might be seen as "inappropriate for some viewers". The video featured footage of protesters and police clashing violently in 2020 and 1968. YouTube eventually removed the video, claiming it violated their community guidelines.[129]

On September 18, 2020, the Minneapolis City Council approved designating the section of Chicago Avenue between 37th and 39th Streets as George Perry Floyd Jr. Place, with a marker at the intersection with 38th Street where the incident took place. The intersection had been the location of a makeshift memorial that emerged the day after his murder.[130]

On October 6, 2020, Amnesty International delivered a letter with one million signatures from around the world to the US Attorney General William Barr to demand justice for George Floyd. The human rights advocacy group demanded that the police officers involved in the murder of George Floyd be held accountable.[131] The NAACP, which has already published a criminal justice fact sheet, issued a statement voicing their support for the protests taking place demanding justice for George Floyd.[132][133]

On May 21, 2021, Bridgett Floyd gave a $25,000 check from the George Floyd Memorial Foundation to Fayetteville State University in Fayetteville, North Carolina, to be used for scholarships. On the same day, the city declared May 25 George Floyd Jr. Day.[134]

After Floyd's murder, a petition was started on the public benefit corporation website change.org, asking for "Justice for George Floyd". The petition quickly gathered more signatures than any other petition that had been placed on the site, amounting to roughly five million in the first few days.[135] The petition was considered a "success" with the sentencing of Derek Chauvin. At the time that the petition was closed to new signers, it had attained close to twenty million signatures.[136][137]

In May 2022, a biography of Floyd titled His Name Is George Floyd was published, written by Washington Post journalists Robert Samuels and Toluse Olorunnipa.[138]

Attempts for a posthumous pardon

In 2022, Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles declined to issue a posthumous pardon for the 2004 drug raid that led to Floyd's criminal conviction.[139]

Personal life

Floyd was the oldest of five siblings and had five children, including two daughters (aged 6 and 22 at the time of his murder) and an adult son.[140][141][142][143][16] He also had two grandchildren.[13][14]

In August 2017, Floyd met his girlfriend Courteney Ross in Minneapolis. In early 2020, the two separated.[46]

Discography

Appears on (as Big Floyd):[144][32]

  • DJ Screw – Ballin in da Mall (Screwed Up Records, Cassette, 1997), appears as feature on "Tired of Ballin (Freestyle)" by Tela
  • Diary of the Originator (Chapter 319 – Floyd & Screw) (Screwed Up Records, CD, 1998), appears on "Freestyle Sugar Hill"
  • Presidential Playas – Block Party the Album (Presidential Records, CD, 2000), appears on "Presidential Playas"
  • Diary of the Originator: Chapter 7 (Ballin in the Mall) (Screwed Up Records, CD, 2004), appears on "Freestyle"

See also

Notes

References

  1. ^ "Mr. George Floyd Jr. Obituary – Visitation & Funeral Information". Estes Funeral Chapel. Archived from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved September 27, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "George Floyd death homicide, official post-mortem declares". BBC News. June 2, 2020. Archived from the original on June 2, 2020. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
  3. ^ McGreal, Chris (April 20, 2021). "Derek Chauvin found guilty of George Floyd's murder". The Guardian. Archived from the original on April 20, 2021. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
  4. ^ Bailey, Holly (April 8, 2021). "George Floyd died of low level of oxygen, medical expert testifies; Derek Chauvin kept knee on his neck 'majority of the time'". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 12, 2021. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
  5. ^ Lee, Jessica (June 12, 2020). "Investigating George Floyd's Criminal Record". Snopes. Archived from the original on June 13, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Fernandez, Manny; Burch, Audra D. S. (April 20, 2021). "George Floyd, From 'I Want to Touch the World' to 'I Can't Breathe'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 11, 2020.
  7. ^ a b c d e Henao, Luis Andres; Merchant, Nomaan; Lozano, Juan; Geller, Adam (June 11, 2020). "A long look at the complicated life of George Floyd". Chicago Tribune. Associated Press. Archived from the original on June 17, 2020. Retrieved March 29, 2021.
  8. ^ a b c d e Deng, Boer (May 31, 2020). "George Floyd, the man whose death sparked US unrest". BBC News. Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved September 27, 2020. Growing up a gifted athlete standing at six feet six inches, friends who knew Floyd as a teenager described him as a "gentle giant" who shone on the field
  9. ^ a b Shellnutt, Kate (June 5, 2020). "George Floyd Left a Gospel Legacy in Houston". Christianity Today. Archived from the original on June 1, 2020. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  10. ^ Hayes, Mike; Macaya, Melissa; Wagner, Meg; Rocha, Veronica (April 20, 2021). "Derek Chauvin guilty in death of George Floyd: Live updates". CNN. Archived from the original on April 21, 2021. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
  11. ^ Rocha, Veronica; Alfonso, Fernando III; Wagner, Meg; Macaya, Melissa (June 25, 2021). "Derek Chauvin sentenced to 22.5 years in prison for the murder of George Floyd". CNN. Archived from the original on June 25, 2021. Retrieved June 25, 2021.
  12. ^ Silva, Daniella (February 24, 2022). "3 officers found guilty on federal charges in George Floyd's killing". NBC News. Archived from the original on February 27, 2022. Retrieved March 5, 2022.
  13. ^ a b c d Richmond, Todd (May 28, 2020). "Who was George Floyd? Unemployed due to coronavirus, he'd moved to Minneapolis for a fresh start". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
  14. ^ a b c Vagianos, Alanna (June 9, 2020). "'He's Gonna Change The World': George Floyd's Family Remembers The Man They Lost". HuffPost. Archived from the original on June 11, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  15. ^ a b c d Jervis, Rick (June 9, 2020). "'George Floyd changed the world': Public viewing in Houston honors the man behind the social justice movement". USA Today. Archived from the original on June 11, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2020. By the time he left high school, he was 6 feet, 6 inches tall and weighed more than 200 pounds.
  16. ^ a b R. Hernández, Arelis; Martin, Brittney; Iati, Marisa; Beachum, Lateshia (June 10, 2020). "'Fight for my brother.' As George Floyd is laid to rest, his family implores the nation to continue quest for justice". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 11, 2020. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  17. ^ a b Levenson, Eric; Lemos, Gregory; Vera, Amir (June 9, 2020). "The Rev. Al Sharpton remembers George Floyd as an 'ordinary brother' who changed the world". CNN. Archived from the original on June 11, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  18. ^ a b Henao, Luis Andres; Merchant, Nomaan; Lozano, Juan; Geller, Adam (June 10, 2020). "For George Floyd, a complicated life and a notorious death". Associated Press. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved February 11, 2021.
  19. ^ Shaw, Rissa (May 30, 2020). "George Floyd's former teammate wants him remembered as more than a news story". KWTX. Archived from the original on April 12, 2021. Retrieved April 12, 2021. ... met Floyd in the sixth grade at James D. Ryan Middle School in the Third Ward community of Houston.
  20. ^ Ebrahimji, Alisha (May 29, 2020). "This is how loved ones want us to remember George Floyd". CNN. Archived from the original on May 29, 2020. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  21. ^ Holton, Jennifer (May 29, 2020). "'A good guy:' College classmate, coach remember George Floyd". WTVT. Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  22. ^ a b c Hall, Michael (May 31, 2020). "The Houston Years of George Floyd". Texas Monthly. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
  23. ^ Wallace, Danielle (June 4, 2020). "Hundreds, including Al Sharpton, Eric Garner's mom, mourn at George Floyd memorial in Minneapolis". Fox News. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  24. ^ Mee, Emily (June 7, 2020). "Who was George Floyd? The 'gentle giant' who was trying to turn his life around". Sky News. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  25. ^ Woodyard, Eric (May 29, 2020). "Stephen Jackson, 'twin' of George Floyd, speaks at rally after police officer charged with murder". ESPN. Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 29, 2022. Retrieved May 28, 2022.
  26. ^ Stein, Marc (June 11, 2020). "Stephen Jackson Was Known in the N.B.A. as an Agitator. Now He's Leading a Movement". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 29, 2022. Retrieved May 28, 2022. Jackson, 42, was introduced to Floyd through a mutual friend in the mid-1990s, before he was selected by the Phoenix Suns with the 42nd overall pick in the 1997 draft. The two bonded immediately over their facial resemblance — they habitually referred to each other as "twin" — and became close enough that Jackson brought Floyd as a guest to Washington in 2001 for the N.B.A.'s All-Star Weekend, where Jackson played in the Rookie Challenge as a member of the Nets.
  27. ^ "George Floyd mourned and celebrated at Minneapolis memorial". CBC News. Associated Press. June 4, 2020. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020. Floyd, who was six-foot-six, once harboured dreams of playing professional basketball
  28. ^ "George Floyd: 'Gentle giant' killed in U.S. police custody". The Japan Times. Agence France-Presse-Jiji Press. May 30, 2020. Archived from the original on April 22, 2021. Retrieved April 22, 2021. Floyd, standing at an imposing 6 feet, 6 inches (two meters), became a star athlete in basketball and football, and dabbled in hip hop music.
  29. ^ a b Hennepin County Medical Examiner's Office Autopsy Report. Hennepin County Medical Examiner (Report). June 1, 2020. ME No.: 20–3700. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020. The body is that of a normally developed, muscular and adequately nourished appearing, 6 feet 4 inch long, 223 pound male
  30. ^ Walker, Lance Scott (2019). Houston Rap Tapes: An Oral History of Bayou City Hip-Hop. University of Texas Press. p. 83. ISBN 9781477317938. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  31. ^ Julian, Gill (May 27, 2020). "Before dying in Minneapolis police custody, George Floyd grew up in Houston's Third Ward". Houston Chronicle. Archived from the original on May 28, 2020. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
  32. ^ a b Burney, Lawrence (May 29, 2020). "The Rap Report: To George Floyd a.k.a. Big Floyd of the legendary Screwed Up Click". The Fader. Archived from the original on June 1, 2020. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  33. ^ Greene, David; Tanis, Fatma; Rezvani, Arezou (June 10, 2020). "Houston's Hip-Hop Scene Remembers George Floyd". NPR. Archived from the original on June 11, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  34. ^ Neale, Matthew (June 7, 2020). "George Floyd's rap collaborator remembers "legendary" freestyler". NME. Archived from the original on June 10, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
  35. ^ Schkloven, Emma (June 2, 2020). "Remembering Big Floyd". Houstonia. Archived from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020. Big Floyd, who also appeared on a track in 2000 as part of another group, the Presidential Playas, freestyled on at least half a dozen of Screw's famous mixtapes, if not more.
  36. ^ Barker, Aaron (April 29, 2021). "Harris County DA requests posthumous pardon for George Floyd in 2004 drug conviction". KPRC-TV. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved April 29, 2021.
  37. ^ McCullough, Greg (November 29, 2021). "Texas Gov. Greg Abbott remains silent on posthumous pardon for George Floyd". The Texas Tribune. Archived from the original on December 24, 2021. Retrieved December 24, 2021.
  38. ^ Levenson, Michael; Goodman, J. David (December 23, 2021). "Texas Board Withdraws Clemency Recommendation for George Floyd". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 23, 2021. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  39. ^ a b Hernández, Arelis R. (October 26, 2020). "A knee on his neck". Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
  40. ^ a b c d e f g Rao, Maya (December 27, 2020). "George Floyd hoped moving to Minnesota would save him. What he faced here killed him". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2020.
  41. ^ a b Toone, Stephanie (May 29, 2020). "Floyd's brother tearfully asked for justice and peace following the 46-year-old bouncer's death Thursday". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 28, 2020. Retrieved May 30, 2020. George Floyd moved to Minneapolis a few years ago from his native Houston, Texas, seeking new opportunities, following some close friends who had done likewise, and found jobs in the Minnesota city.
  42. ^ Walters, Joanna (May 29, 2020). "An athlete, a father, a 'beautiful spirit': George Floyd in his friends' words". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  43. ^ Kantor, Wendy Grossman (June 10, 2020). "Years Before George Floyd Cried Out for Late Mom in Final Moments, He Nursed Her After Stroke". People. Archived from the original on June 11, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  44. ^ Evelyn, Kenya (June 3, 2020). "'I miss him': George Floyd's daughter speaks out for first time". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved June 5, 2020. She added Floyd was a good father who wanted his daughter 'to have the best'.
  45. ^ Kates, Graham (June 3, 2020). "George Floyd and Derek Chauvin worked at same club and may have crossed paths, owner says". CBS News. Archived from the original on June 20, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
  46. ^ a b McCoy, Kevin; Hauck, Grace (April 1, 2021). "George Floyd's girlfriend Courteney Ross gives jurors first glimpse of his personal life, good times and bad". USA Today. Archived from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
  47. ^ Bogel-Burroughs, Nicholas; Wright, Will (April 19, 2021). "Little has been said about the $20 bill that brought officers to the scene". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 9, 2022. Retrieved August 9, 2022. Nearly a year after Mr. Floyd's death, it remains unclear where the bill came from and whether Mr. Floyd committed the crime that brought police officers to the scene.
  48. ^ Furber, Matt; Burch, Audra D. S.; Robles, Frances (May 29, 2020). "What Happened in the Chaotic Moments Before George Floyd Died". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 30, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2021.
  49. ^ Dastagir, Alia E. (April 8, 2021). "Derek Chauvin trial: Why white people need to watch, confront racism". USA Today. Archived from the original on April 18, 2021. Retrieved February 16, 2022.
  50. ^ Forliti, Amy; Karnowski, Steve; Webber, Tammy (April 5, 2021). "Police chief: Kneeling on Floyd's neck violated policy". Associated Press. Retrieved September 22, 2024.
  51. ^ "Complaint – State of Minnesota v. Derek Michael Chauvin" (PDF). Minnesota District Court, Fourth Judicial District, File No. 27-CR-20-12646. May 29, 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 30, 2020. The defendant pulled Mr. Floyd out of the passenger side of the squad car at 8:19:38 p.m. and Mr. Floyd went to the ground face down and still handcuffed.
  52. ^ Brooks, Jennifer (May 28, 2020). "George Floyd and the city that killed him". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on May 28, 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2020. Down the road, people were marching and mourning Floyd, whose irreplaceable life ended after an arrest face-down on the asphalt of E. 38th Street.
  53. ^ Silverman, Hollie (May 29, 2020). "Floyd was 'non-responsive' for nearly 3 minutes before officer took knee off his neck, complaint says". CNN. Archived from the original on May 30, 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2020. The complaint noted that police are trained that this type of restraint with a subject in a "prone position is inherently dangerous."
  54. ^ a b "Derek Chauvin trial: George Floyd 'slowly fading away' during police arrest". BBC. March 29, 2021. Archived from the original on March 30, 2021. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  55. ^ Bennett, Dalton; Lee, Joyce; Cahlan, Sarah (May 30, 2020). "The death of George Floyd: What video and other records show about his final minutes". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 14, 2020. Retrieved June 1, 2020. (video @ YouTube Archived June 2, 2020, at the Wayback Machine)
  56. ^ Mannix, Andy (May 26, 2020). "What we know about Derek Chauvin and Tou Thao, two of the officers caught on tape in the death of George Floyd". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on May 27, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  57. ^ Forliti, Amy; Sullivan, Tim (May 29, 2020). "Officer Charged With George Floyd's Death as Protests Flare". Associated Press. Archived from the original on April 20, 2021. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
  58. ^ Forliti, Amy (June 18, 2020). "Prosecutors: Officer had knee on Floyd for 7:46, not 8:46". Associated Press. Archived from the original on February 13, 2022. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
  59. ^ Thorbecke, Catherine (May 29, 2020). "Derek Chauvin had his knee on George Floyd's neck for nearly 9 minutes, complaint says". ABC News. Archived from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
  60. ^ Higgins, Tucker; Mangan, Dan (June 3, 2020). "3 more cops charged in George Floyd death, other officer's murder charge upgraded". CNBC. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
  61. ^ Hill, Evan; Tiefenthäler, Ainara; Triebert, Christiaan; Jordan, Drew; Willis, Haley; Stein, Robin (May 31, 2020). "How George Floyd Was Killed in Police Custody". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved June 1, 2020. (subscription required)(video @ YouTube Archived June 1, 2020, at the Wayback Machine)
  62. ^ "'Press Release Report: Floyd, George Perry" (PDF). Hennepin County Medical Examiner (Press release). June 1, 2020. Case No: 2020–3700. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 5, 2020.
  63. ^ Furber, Matt; Arango, Tim; Eligon, John (September 11, 2020). "Police Veteran Charged in George Floyd Killing Had Used Neck Restraints Before". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved February 11, 2021.
  64. ^ Brooks, Brad (June 2, 2020). "State, independent autopsies agree on homicide in George Floyd case, but clash on underlying cause". Reuters. Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
  65. ^ a b Pereira, Ivan (May 30, 2020). "Independent autopsy finds George Floyd died of asphyxia". ABC News. Archived from the original on June 1, 2020. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  66. ^ Gors, Michele (June 1, 2020). "Family autopsy: Floyd asphyxiated by sustained pressure". KTTC. Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
  67. ^ Robles, Frances (June 2, 2020). "How Did George Floyd Die? Here's What We Know". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
  68. ^ Ockerman, Emma (June 2, 2020). "Independent Autopsy Says George Floyd's Death Was a 'Homicide' Due to Asphyxiation". Vice. Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
  69. ^ a b Ensor, Josie (June 1, 2020). "Independent autopsy reveals George Floyd died from 'asphyxiation' as lawyers call for first-degree murder charges". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on June 2, 2020. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
  70. ^ Bogel-Burroughs, Nicholas (March 12, 2021). "George Floyd's Family Settles Suit Against Minneapolis for $27 Million". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 12, 2021.
  71. ^ Forliti, Amy; Press, Associated (March 7, 2021). "Key points in Derek Chauvin's trial: George Floyd's cause of death, ex-cop's use of force". KTRK-TV. Retrieved March 28, 2021.[permanent dead link]
  72. ^ Abdollah, Tami; McCoy, Kevin (April 19, 2021). "What are the charges against Derek Chauvin? Here's what the jury is considering for the death of George Floyd". USA Today. Archived from the original on May 12, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  73. ^ Walsh, Paul (May 12, 2021). "Judge's ruling echoes prosecution's points, setting stage for Chauvin getting longer sentence". Archived from the original on May 12, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  74. ^ Halter, Nick (June 25, 2021). "Derek Chauvin sentenced to 22.5 years in prison for murder of George Floyd". Axios. Archived from the original on June 25, 2021. Retrieved June 25, 2021.
  75. ^ Kishi, Roudabeh; Jones, Sam (September 3, 2020). "Demonstrations and Political Violence in America: New Data for Summer 2020". Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project. Archived from the original on December 11, 2020. Retrieved May 26, 2024.
  76. ^ Robbins, James S. (August 31, 2020). "Rioting is beginning to turn people off to BLM and protests while Biden has no solution". USA Today. Archived from the original on May 26, 2024. Retrieved May 26, 2024.
  77. ^ a b "How 2020 protests changed insurance forever". World Economic Forum. February 22, 2021. Archived from the original on May 26, 2024. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
  78. ^ Murphy, Esme (May 26, 2020). "'I Can't Breathe!': Video Of Fatal Arrest Shows Minneapolis Officer Kneeling On George Floyd's Neck For Several Minutes". KSTP-TV. Archived from the original on May 26, 2020. Retrieved May 26, 2020. While lying facedown on the road, Floyd repeatedly groans and says he can't breathe.
  79. ^ Donaghue, Erin (May 29, 2020). "Mayor makes emotional call for peace after violent protests: 'I believe in Minneapolis'". CBS News. Archived from the original on May 29, 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  80. ^ Martínez, Andrés R.; Arango, Tim (March 29, 2021). "First Witnesses in Derek Chauvin Trial Testify About George Floyd's Death". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 31, 2021. Retrieved April 2, 2021.
  81. ^ "What Defunding the Police Really Means". Black Lives Matter. July 6, 2020. Archived from the original on April 27, 2021. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  82. ^ Cheung, Helier (May 31, 2020). "George Floyd death: Why do some protests turn violent?". BBC News. Archived from the original on May 26, 2024. Retrieved May 26, 2024.
  83. ^ Ling, Thomas (June 2020). "How to watch the George Floyd memorial online and on TV". Radio Times. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  84. ^ Burke, Minyvonne (June 6, 2020). "George Floyd memorial in North Carolina as sheriff's officers escort his body". NBC News. Archived from the original on August 19, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  85. ^ Lozano, Juan A.; Merchant, Nomaan (June 8, 2020). "Floyd's casket arrives at Houston church for public viewing". Associated Press. Archived from the original on June 8, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  86. ^ Croft, Jay (June 9, 2020). "Mourners visit George Floyd's casket in Houston to pay respects". CNN. Archived from the original on June 8, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  87. ^ "George Floyd's Body Returns To Houston For Memorial Service, Funeral". CBS News. June 7, 2020. Archived from the original on June 7, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  88. ^ Nietzel, Michael T. (June 4, 2020). "A University President Challenges Every College In America To Fund A George Floyd Memorial Scholarship". Forbes. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  89. ^ Torres, Ella (June 4, 2020). "George Floyd memorial updates: Floyd's brother says 'he touched so many people's hearts'". ABC News. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  90. ^ Russell, Lois G. (June 4, 2020). "ASU Establishes George Floyd/Greg Gunn Memorial Scholarship". Alabama State University. Archived from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
  91. ^ Mullins, Maquisha Ford (June 4, 2020). "Answering the Challenge: Oakwood Establishes George Floyd Scholarship". Oakwood University News. Archived from the original on August 19, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  92. ^ Ogle, Nikki (June 5, 2020). "Missouri State University planning scholarship named after George Floyd". KYTV. Archived from the original on June 6, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  93. ^ "President Nellis and Vice President Secuban announce George Floyd Memorial Scholarship Fund" (Press release). Ohio University. June 5, 2020. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  94. ^ "George Floyd Memorial Scholarship Established at Southeast". Southeast Missouri State University. Archived from the original on June 6, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  95. ^ "Scholarship created in George Floyd's name". WQAD-TV. June 6, 2020. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  96. ^ "Copper Mountain College announces George Floyd Scholarship Fund". Z107.7 FM. June 6, 2020. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  97. ^ "12 other universities join North Central in creating a George Floyd Memorial Scholarship". KMSP-TV. June 11, 2020. Archived from the original on June 11, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  98. ^ Togoh, Isabel (June 17, 2020). "Netflix CEO Reed Hastings Donates $120 Million To HBCUs: 'We Hope This Will Help More Black Students Follow Their Dreams'". Forbes. Archived from the original on June 17, 2020. Retrieved June 17, 2020.
  99. ^ St. Amour, Madeline (June 18, 2020). "Netflix CEO Donates Millions to HBCUs". Inside Higher Ed. Archived from the original on June 18, 2020. Retrieved June 23, 2020.
  100. ^ Borrelli, Christopher (June 4, 2020). "Chicago artists use boarded-up storefronts to make a creative statement and make a difference". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
  101. ^ Easter, Makeda (June 2, 2020). "How viral Instagram tributes to George Floyd use art to spread a movement". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
  102. ^ Rodríguez Presa, Laura (August 10, 2020). "Meet Shirien Damra, The Palestinian Illustrator Behind Our New Cover". The Advocate. Archived from the original on January 16, 2022. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
  103. ^ Sturgill, Kristi (June 5, 2020). "Despite complications and curfews, San Francisco's Grace Cathedral uses art to commemorate George Floyd". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
  104. ^ McGrath, Kara (June 2, 2020). "The People Behind the BLM Art You're Seeing on Instagram". Allure. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
  105. ^ Bruner, Raisa (June 3, 2020). "'Art Can Touch Our Emotional Core.' Meet the Artists Behind Some of the Most Widespread Images Amid George Floyd Protests". Time. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
  106. ^ "'Black Lives Matter' mural solidarity with family of George Floyd". June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2020 – via YouTube.
  107. ^ Jones, Jonathan (June 5, 2020). "Ghost, angel, martyr: the brutal brilliance of George Floyd murals from Syria to Belfast". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
  108. ^ Jeffery, Adam; Miller, Hannah (June 5, 2020). "Murals of George Floyd emerge around the world". CNBC. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  109. ^ Fischer, Courtney (June 12, 2020). "New mural painted in George Floyd's honor in Third Ward". KTRK-TV. Archived from the original on December 14, 2020. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  110. ^ "Mom and son duo make iconic street art in Houston". KTRK-TV. May 10, 2020. Archived from the original on August 9, 2020. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  111. ^ "New mural painted for George Floyd at The Breakfast Klub highlights need for change". KTRK-TV. June 6, 2020. Archived from the original on July 24, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
  112. ^ Parke, Caleb (June 5, 2020). "George Floyd GoFundMe surpasses $13 million, breaks donation record". Fox News. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
  113. ^ Steele, Austin; Almond, Kyle (June 6, 2020). "George Floyd murals are popping up all over the world". CNN. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  114. ^ Rubin, April (June 5, 2020). "'Positive revolution.' Miami artist paints mural in Overtown of Floyd, Taylor, Kaepernick". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on June 6, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  115. ^ "George Floyd: Memorial in Manchester daubed in 'utterly sickening' racist graffiti". Sky News. July 22, 2020. Archived from the original on December 21, 2020. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
  116. ^ Joseph–Salisbury, Remi; Connelly, Laura; Wangari-Jones, Peninah (January 1, 2020). ""The UK is not innocent": Black Lives Matter, policing and abolition in the UK". Equality, Diversity and Inclusion. 40 (1): 21–28. doi:10.1108/EDI-06-2020-0170. ISSN 2040-7149.
  117. ^ Sobo, E. J.; Lambert, Helen; Heath, Corliss D. (July 2, 2020). "More than a teachable moment: Black lives matter". Anthropology & Medicine. 27 (3): 243–248. doi:10.1080/13648470.2020.1783054. hdl:1983/16f1f3a8-be90-4568-8457-80b9b5c07179. ISSN 1364-8470. PMID 32580573. S2CID 220061587.
  118. ^ Priniski, J. Hunter; Mokhberian, Negar; Harandizadeh, Bahareh; Morstatter, Fred; Lerman, Kristina; Lu, Hongjing; Brantingham, P. Jeffrey (April 19, 2021). "Mapping Moral Valence of Tweets Following the Killing of George Floyd". arXiv:2104.09578 [cs.SI].
  119. ^ Colomer, Laia (July 7, 2020). "Black Lives Matter and the Archaeology of Heritage Commemorating Bigoted White Men". ScienceNorway: 7. Archived from the original on May 28, 2022. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  120. ^ Siegel, Benjamin (June 4, 2020). "House Democrats introduce policing reform bill named for George Floyd". ABC News. Archived from the original on June 11, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  121. ^ Kim, Caitlyn (June 4, 2020). "Congress Is Eyeing Legislative Solutions To Police Brutality, Including Jason Crow". Colorado Public Radio. Archived from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  122. ^ Oriola, Temitope B.; Knight, W. Andy (April 2, 2020). "COVID-19, George Floyd and Human Security". African Security. 13 (2): 111–115. doi:10.1080/19392206.2020.1783760. ISSN 1939-2206.
  123. ^ Barbot, Oxiris (July 2, 2020). "George Floyd and Our Collective Moral Injury". American Journal of Public Health. 110 (9): 1253. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305850. ISSN 0090-0036. PMC 7427243. PMID 32614647.
  124. ^ Mercer, Joyce Ann (August 7, 2020). "#BlackLivesMatter in Religious Education: The REA Statement on the Murder of George Floyd". Religious Education. 115 (4): 379–383. doi:10.1080/00344087.2020.1790724. ISSN 0034-4087.
  125. ^ Cummings, William; King, Ledyard; Hayes, Christal (June 8, 2020). "Democrats unveil sweeping police reform bill, honor George Floyd with 8 minutes, 46 seconds of silence". USA Today. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
  126. ^ DeCambre, Mark (June 9, 2020). "New York Stock Exchange observe 8 minutes and 46 seconds of silence in honor of George Floyd's memory". MarketWatch. Archived from the original on June 11, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
  127. ^ "How George Floyd's death reverberates around the world". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on December 14, 2020. Retrieved July 12, 2020.
  128. ^ "The power of protest and the legacy of George Floyd". The Economist. June 11, 2020. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on June 11, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  129. ^ Friedlander, Matt (August 27, 2020). "John Mellencamp posts reworked version of 1964 Bob Dylan civil rights-themed protest song". ABC News Radio. Archived from the original on September 29, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2021.
  130. ^ Navratil, Liz (September 19, 2020). "Minneapolis to name stretch of Chicago Avenue for George Floyd". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved September 20, 2020.
  131. ^ "USA: Amnesty International delivers one million signatures calling for justice for George Floyd". Amnesty International. October 6, 2020. Archived from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved October 6, 2020.
  132. ^ "Criminal Justice Fact Sheet". NAACP. Archived from the original on July 12, 2020. Retrieved March 29, 2021.
  133. ^ "Joint Statement by NAACP and The Links, Incorporated on Collective Outrage Regarding the Police Murder of George Floyd and other Victims of Law Enforcement". NAACP. June 2, 2020. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved March 29, 2021.
  134. ^ Jasper, Simone (May 22, 2021). "George Floyd's memory honored with scholarship at historically Black college in NC". The News & Observer. Archived from the original on May 22, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2021.
  135. ^ McHugh, Erin (May 29, 2020). "'Justice for George Floyd' is largest-ever US petition on Change.org: The online petition has been signed by more than 5 million people in just a matter of days". WWL-TV. Archived from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved October 14, 2021.
  136. ^ "Justice For George Floyd Petition, Largest Of All Time, Declares Victory With Derek Chauvin Guilty Verdict" (Press release). Change.org. Archived from the original on June 25, 2021. Retrieved May 19, 2022 – via PR Newswire.
  137. ^ Porterfield, Carlie (May 29, 2020). "'Justice For George Floyd' Petition Becomes Most Popular Ever In U.S. For Change.org". Forbes. Archived from the original on November 6, 2021. Retrieved October 14, 2021.
  138. ^ Mbue, Imbolo (May 16, 2022). "The America That Killed George Floyd". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on May 26, 2022. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
  139. ^ "Texas board denies posthumous pardon for George Floyd". Minnesota Public Radio. Associated Press. September 16, 2022. Archived from the original on September 16, 2022. Retrieved September 16, 2022.
  140. ^ Ortiz, Jorge L.; Hertel, Nora G.; Emert, Mark (June 4, 2020). "'He was like the general': Mourners grieve George Floyd at Minneapolis memorial service". USA Today. Archived from the original on June 8, 2020. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  141. ^ Ellis, Nicquel Terry; Davis, Tyler J. (May 28, 2020). "George Floyd remembered as 'gentle giant' as family calls his death 'murder'". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
  142. ^ "George Floyd's son joins Texas protesters in peaceful demonstration". KABC-TV. June 1, 2020. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020.
  143. ^ Pereira, Ivan (June 9, 2020). "Family members, dignitaries honor George Floyd at funeral service in Houston". ABC News. Archived from the original on June 11, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  144. ^ Threadcraft, Torry (2020). "George Floyd Used to Rap as Big Floyd, Appeared on Multiple DJ Screw Tapes – Okayplayer". Okayplayer. Archived from the original on June 6, 2023. Retrieved June 6, 2023.

Further reading

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to George Floyd.
External videos
  George Floyd Memorial Service in Minneapolis, June 4, 2020, C-SPAN
  George Floyd Funeral Service in Houston, June 9, 2020, C-SPAN
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Floyd&oldid=1257291523"