A ghost bike (also referred to as a ghostcycle or WhiteCycle) is a bicycle roadside memorial, placed where a cyclist has been killed or severely injured, usually by the driver of a motor vehicle.[1]
Apart from being a memorial, it is usually intended as a reminder to passing motorists to share the road. Ghost bikes are usually junk bicycles painted white, sometimes with a placard attached, and locked to a suitable object close to the scene of the accident.
History
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The idea of painting bikes white originated in Amsterdam in the 1960s as an anarchist project and tactical urbanism to liberate two-wheel transport—white bikes were free, help yourself and then leave it for someone else.[2]
The ghost bike idea in the United States may have originated with a project by San Francisco artist Jo Slota, begun in April 2002. This was a purely artistic endeavor.[3] Slota was intrigued by the abandoned bicycles that he found around the city, locked up but stripped of useful parts. He began painting them white, and posted photographs on his website, ghostbike.net.[4] San Francisco is one of the safer U.S. cities for bicyclists, but memorial ghost bikes sprang up there as elsewhere, changing perceptions of his project.[citation needed]
A ghost bike memorial project was started in St. Louis, Missouri, in October 2003.[5] After observing a motorist strike a bicyclist in a bike lane on Holly Hills Boulevard, Patrick Van Der Tuin placed a white-painted bicycle on the spot with a hand-painted sign reading "Cyclist Struck Here". Noticing the effect that this had on motorists in the area, Van Der Tuin then enlisted the help of friends to place 15 more "ghost bikes" in prominent spots in the St. Louis area where cyclists had recently been hit by automobiles.[6] They used damaged bikes, in some cases deliberately damaged to create the desired mangled effect.[7]
Similar projects began in Pittsburgh in 2004,[8] New York City,[9] Seattle in 2005,[10] Albuquerque,[11] and Toronto in 2006.[12] In August 2005, nearly 40 ghost bikes were placed throughout Seattle to draw awareness to locations of crashes, near-misses, and poor road conditions.[10] A ghost bike in Dupont Circle, Washington, D.C., commemorating a rider killed by a garbage truck in 2008, remained for a full year. When it was removed by city employees, friends of the rider replaced it with 22 ghost bikes, one on every lamppost.[13] London Ghostcycle was active in 2005 and 2006.[14] There have been similar projects in dozens of other cities worldwide. A bike memorial project[15] was started in Durham, North Carolina, in 2013 to commemorate the death of two prominent cyclist[16] and bicycle safety advocates.[17]
In late 2013 and early 2014, the Houston Ghost Bike Group has placed 47 ghost bikes to raise awareness during an especially deadly string of traffic violence involving automobiles taking place in Houston, many of them hit and run. Later in 2014 they were working on 13 more bikes to bring the list of deaths in recent years up to date.[18][19]
As of 2017 there were over 630 ghost bikes that have appeared in over 210 locations throughout the world.[20] No single entity governs the installation of all ghost bikes, and they are sometimes removed by those who dislike the practice.[21]
Gallery
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Ghost bike or "Bicianimita" in Chile, with a traditional small house for the soul of a traffic violence victim, 2013 -
Ghost bike commemorating Douglas Crow, struck February 15, 2013 in Provo, Utah, USA -
Ghost bike sculpture on Elysian Fields Avenue, New Orleans, 2017 -
Ghost bike in Goswell Road, London, 2019 -
Ghost bike in Howth, Dublin, 2022 -
59 ghost bikes in Auckland: art installation by Bike Auckland marking World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims, 2024
See also
edit- Ghost shoes (traffic fatality memorial)
- Bicycle safety
- Ride of Silence
- Tactical urbanism
- Orphan bicycle, an abandoned bicycle in the public
- Vehicular cycling
- Vision Zero – worldwide movement to reduce traffic violence fatalities, serious injuries
References
edit- ^ Sanders, Jacob Quinn (1 December 2010), "Ghost Bikes: Rough memorials honor cyclists killed while riding", post-gazette, archived from the original on 16 October 2011, retrieved 1 December 2010
- ^ Furness, Zack (2010). One Less Car: Bicycling and the Politics of Automobility. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 55–59. ISBN 978-1-59213-613-1. Archived from the original on 27 May 2010. Retrieved 23 May 2011.
- ^ Terry Lowe. "Ghost Bikes". Momentum Planet. Archived from the original on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 23 May 2011.
- ^ "Jo Slota's website". Ghostbike.net. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
- ^ Fagan, Mark Friends seek ghost bike memorial for hit-and-run victim Lawrence Journal-World 25 October 2009
- ^ Roadside displays focus on plight of bicyclists, Greg Jonsson, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 17 November 2003; re-posted on Missouri Bicycle Federation website, 29 October 2007.
- ^ Twarowski, Christopher. "Ghostly bikes commemorate fallen cyclists, article at Columbia News Service". Jscms.jrn.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on 19 August 2009. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
- ^ "Pittsburgh ghost bikes". Pittsburgh.indymedia.org. Archived from the original on 23 June 2010. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
- ^ "New York Ghost Bikes". Ghostbikes.org. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
- ^ a b 'Ghost bikes' offer eerie reminder to share the road, Seattle Post-Intelligencer 3 August 2005.
- ^ Created by gleejb View Groups. "Albuquerque ghost bikes". Dukecityfix.com. Archived from the original on 19 April 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
- ^ O'Connor, Josh (26 September 2011). "Information Booth: Where did those ghostly white bikes come from?". National Post. Toronto. Archived from the original on 27 May 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
- ^ Ashley Halsey III (11 September 2009). "Their Love Cannot Be Unchained: After 'Ghost Bike' Removal, Cyclists' Memorial Effort Intensifies". The Washington Post. Retrieved 11 September 2009.
- ^ "London Ghost Bikes". Ghostbikes.org. 9 January 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
- ^ "DURHAM: 'Ghost bike' memorial honors Seth Vidal | Durham County | NewsObserver.com". Archived from the original on 22 November 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2013. News & Observer Retrieved 14 July 2013
- ^ WRAL (2 May 2013). "Cyclist remembered as 'community servant'". WRAL.com.
- ^ WRAL (8 July 2013). "Bicyclist killed in Durham hit-and-run". WRAL.com.
- ^ Hlavaty, Craig (29 April 2014). "Silsbee cyclist takes on mission to spread ghost bikes". Beaumont Enterprise.
- ^ "Houston Ghost Bikes". Google My Maps.
- ^ "Ghost Bikes - ghost bikes". ghostbikes.org.
- ^ Johnson, Charles J. "Map: Chicago's ghost bikes". Chicago Tribune.
External links
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- Information on ghost bikes around the world: Ghost Bikes (a project of OSM Belgium) and Ghost Bike.
- Ghost Bikes in Chicago
Further reading
edit- Costantini, Nicole M. (2019). "Bikes and bodies: ghost bike memorials as performances of mourning, warning, and protest". Text and Performance Quarterly. 39 (1): 22–36. doi:10.1080/10462937.2019.1576919. S2CID 150767323.(subscription required)