Joseph of Cupertino (Copertino), OFM Conv. (Italian: Giuseppe da Copertino; 17 June 1603 – 18 September 1663) was an Italian Conventual Franciscan friar who is honored as a Christian mystic and saint. According to traditional Franciscan accounts, he was "remarkably unclever", but experienced miraculous levitation and ecstatic visions throughout his life which made him the object of scorn.[1] He applied to the Conventual Franciscan friars, but was rejected due to his lack of education. He then pleaded with them to serve in their stables. After several years of working there, he had impressed the friars so much with the devotion and simplicity of his life that he was admitted to their Order, destined to become a Catholic priest, in 1625.
Joseph of Copertino | |
|---|---|
 St. Joseph of Copertino is lifted in flight at the site of the Basilica of Loreto, by Ludovico Mazzanti (18th century) | |
| Confessor | |
| Born | Giuseppe Desa 17 June 1603 Copertino, Terra di Otranto, Kingdom of Naples |
| Died | 18 September 1663 (aged 60) Osimo, Marche, Papal States |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church (Franciscans) |
| Beatified | 24 February 1753, Rome, Papal States by Pope Benedict XIV |
| Canonized | 16 July 1767, Rome, Papal States by Pope Clement XIII |
| Major shrine | Basilica of St. Joseph of Copertino, Piazza Gallo, 10, Osimo, Ancona, Italy |
| Feast | 18 September |
| Patronage | The City of Copertino and the City of Osimo, aviation, astronauts, mental handicaps, examinations, students |
Life
editHe was born the son of Felice Desa and Frencesca Panaca in the village of Cupertino, in the Region of Apulia, then in the Kingdom of Naples, now in the Italian Province of Lecce. His father having died before his birth, however, the family home was seized to settle the large debts he had left, and his mother was forced to give birth to him in a stable.
Already as a child, Joseph began to experience ecstatic visions which were to continue throughout his life, and made him the object of scorn. His life was not helped by his frequent outbursts of anger. He was soon apprenticed by his uncle to a shoemaker. Feeling drawn to religious life, in 1620 he applied to the Conventual Franciscan friars, but was rejected due to his lack of education. He then applied to the Capuchin friars in Martino, near Taranto, by whom he was accepted in 1620 as a lay brother, but he was dismissed as his continued ecstasies made him unfit for the duties required of him.
After Joseph returned to the scorn of his family, he pleaded with the Conventual friars near Cupertino to be allowed to serve in their stables. After several years of working there, he had so impressed the friars with the devotion and simplicity of his life that he was admitted to their Order, destined to become a Catholic priest, in 1625. He was ordained a priest on 28 March 1628. He was then sent to the convent of Santa Maria della Grotella, just outside Cupertino, where he spent the next 15 years.[2]
After this point it was claimed that he began to levitate[3] while participating at the Mass or joining the community for the Divine Office, thereby gaining a widespread reputation of holiness among the people of the region and beyond. He was deemed disruptive by his religious superiors and church authorities, however, and eventually was confined to a small cell and forbidden to join in any public gathering of the community.
As the phenomenon of flying or levitation was widely believed to be connected with witchcraft, Joseph was denounced to the Inquisition. At their command, he was transferred from one Franciscan friary in the region to another for observation, first to Assisi (1639–1653), then briefly to Pietrarubbia and finally Fossombrone, where he lived with the Capuchin friars (1653–1657) and under their supervision. He practiced severe asceticism throughout his life, usually eating solid food only twice a week, and adding bitter powders to his meals. He passed 35 years of his life following this regimen.
Finally, on 9 July 1657, Joseph was allowed to return to a Conventual community, being sent to the one in Osimo, where he died shortly after.
Joseph was beatified in 1753. On 16 July 1767, he was canonized by Pope Clement XIII.
Reception
editAlleged eyewitness reports of Joseph's levitations are noted to be subject to gross exaggeration, and often written years after his death.[4][5]
Robert D. Smith in his book Comparative Miracles (1965) suggested that Joseph performed feats similar to a gymnast. Smith noted that some of his alleged levitations "originate from a leap, and not from a prone or simple standing or kneeling position, the witnesses mistook a leap of a very agile man for levitation."[6]
Skeptical investigator Joe Nickell concluded that:
Joseph's most dramatic aerial traverses were launched by a leap—not by a simple slow rising while merely standing or kneeling—but, moreover, I find that they appear to have continued as just the sudden arcing trajectories that would be expected from bounding. They were never circuitous or spiraling flights like a bird's. Invariably, Joseph's propulsions began with a shout or scream, suggesting that he was not caused to leap by some force but chose to.[5]
Poisoning due to the consumption of rye bread made from ergot-infected grain was common in Europe in the Middle Ages. It was known to cause convulsion symptoms and hallucinations. British academic John Cornwell has suggested that Joseph had consumed rye bread (see ergot poisoning). According to Cornwell "Here, perhaps, lay the key to his levitations. After sampling his own loaves he evidently believed he was taking off–as did those who partook of his high-octane bake-offs."[7]
Patronage
editSaint Joseph of Cupertino is the patron saint of the city of Cupertino, the city of Osimo, aviation and pilots, astronauts, mental handicaps, examinations, and students.
See also
edit- List of Catholic saints
- Saints and levitation
- Padre Pio – another saint with similar disruptive visions
- Religious ecstasy
- The Reluctant Saint – a 1962 movie, based on the story of Joseph of Cupertino, directed by Edward Dmytryk
- San Giuseppe da Copertino, church in Rome
References
edit- ^ Pastrovicchi, Angelo (1980). Saint Joseph Copertino. TAN Books and Publishers. ISBN 0-89555-135-7.
- ^ "Saint Joseph of Cupertino: The "Flying Friar"". franciscantradition.org. Commission on the Franciscan Intellectual Tradition. 18 September 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
The sanctuary of Santa Maria della Grottella, outside Copertino, where Joseph was stationed for over fifteen years
- ^ Mershman, Francis. "St. Joseph of Cupertino." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 14 Feb. 2014
- ^ Stein, Gordon (1989). "The Lore of Levitation". Skeptical Inquirer. 13: 277–288.
- ^ a b Nickell, Joe (2018). "Secrets of the 'Flying Friar': Did St. Joseph of Copertino Really Levitate?". Skeptical Inquirer. 42 (4): 20–22.
- ^ Smith, Robert D. (1965). Comparative Miracles. B. Herder Book Company. pp. 48-50
- ^ Cornwell, John. "Why Can the Dead Do Such Great Things, by Robert Bartlett". Financial Times. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
Further reading
edit- Angelo Pastrovicchi. (1918). St. Joseph of Copertino. B. Herder Book Company.
- Gordon Stein. (1993). Encyclopedia of Hoaxes. Gale Group. ISBN 0-8103-8414-0
- Butler's Lives of the Saints (Vol. III) Butler, Alban (Edited by Herbert Thurston, S.J. and Donald Attwater) (Christian Classics, Inc. – Westminster, Maryland - ©1756-9, 1926–38, 1956 and 1981)
- Dictionary of Saints – Delaney, John J. (Image Books – Doubleday – New York, New York ©1980 and 1983
- Proper Offices of Franciscan Saints and Blesseds in the Liturgy of the Hours – Cassese, OFM, Father John – Marie (Catholic Book Publishing Co., New York, New York ©1977)
- Hervé Roullet (2020). St. Joseph of Copertino (in French). AVM Diffusion, 71601, Paray-le-Monial, France.
External links
edit