Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan
Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan is a book written by Patrick Lafcadio Hearn, also known as Koizumi Yakumo, in 1894. It is a collection of impressionistic travel sketches, reporting on Hearn's first travels in Japan between years 1890 and 1893.[1] It is also the first works on Japanese culture Hearn published. After that, he released one book every year until The Romance of the Milky Way and other studies and stories (1905), published one year after his death in Tokyo in 1904.
_Glimpses_of_unfamiliar_Japan.jpg) Front cover (1895) | |
| Author | Patrick Lafcadio Hearn |
|---|---|
| Cover artist | Sarah Whitman (1895 edition) |
Publication date | 1894 |
| ISBN | 978-1-4047-3071-7 |
Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan was originally published in English but was later translated into several languages including Japanese and Polish. The original version book is divided into two volumes, containing seven and eight chapters respectively (fifteen in total).[2] However, a later edition was published in one volume in 1907 by Bernard Tauchnitz.[3] This edition contains only twelve chapters.[3]
Context
editThe Jesuits arrived in Japan during the 16th century. For nearly two centuries, however, Engelbert Kaempfer’s writings were the main source of scientific information for Westerners about the country.[4] This changed with the beginning of the Meiji Era and the reopening of its trade barriers with the Western world, which had been exclusive only to Dutch markets before 1853.[5]
Lafcadio Hearn was one of the main contributors to the dissemination of knowledge about Japanese culture during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.[6] Having spent his childhood in Europe (notably Greece, France, Ireland, and the United Kingdom), he moved to the United States at age nineteen, where he became a journalist and reported on several local cultures such as the Creole culture.[7][8][9] Hearn went to Japan in 1890 and was initially sent there as a newspaper correspondent employed by an American firm, Harper's Magazine.[10] Arriving in Yokohama, he obtained a job as a teacher in Matsue soon after his arrival, thanks to the influence of his friend and correspondent Basil Chamberlain.[10] He continued to report on Japan and its culture and, one year following his arrival in Japan, started writing essays for the Atlantic Monthly, one of which eventually led to the publication of his book: Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan.[10]
Hearn was so enamoured with Japanese culture that he eventually settled in Japan, marrying Koizumi Setsuko.[9][6] He was later naturalized as a Japanese in 1896, two years after the publication of Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan, and therefore has been described as having "gone native".[6]
Contents
editGlimpses of Unfamiliar Japan covers a period of Hearn's life in Japan between 1890 and 1893.[1] In the book, Hearn discusses several themes concerning Japanese culture such as religion (Buddhism and Shinto) and local folklore, and gives a detailed account of Japanese lands and people.[3] Hearn describes an image of Japan that is mysterious and which intrigues him, which reminds him of an ancient civilization spared by what he believes to be a "Western contamination", as synonymous with modernization. Throughout his book, he explains in detail why he believes Japan would benefit neither by modernizing nor, as established in the preface, converting to Christianity, as this would erase the charms of Japan.[2][3]
Reception
editHearn's popularity was predominantly confined to the Western world during his lifetime.[11] Because it was published in English, Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan and Hearn's other books attracted a predominantly American readership up until the 1920s.[12][6] The Western world demonstrated a great admiration of and interest in Hearn's work due to the contemporary Japonisme that had arisen from cultural and artistic expositions about Japanese culture, triggered by the reopening of trade between the West and Japan.[12][13]
Of him, Basil Hall Chamberlain said that "[n]ever perhaps was scientific accuracy of detail married to such tender and exquisite brilliancy of style".[14]
Criticism
editHearn has been accused of painting a misleading and romanticized picture of Japan after the Western world started fearing Japanese imperialism, which harmed his reputation.[1][11][15]
During the 1970s, Hearn's reputation worsened, when Edward Said introduced Orientalism as a new form of doing discourse analysis.[1][9] This framework led to the conceptualization of Hearn's works as exoticizing the Orient.[11] However, other authors including Daniel Stempel and Paul Murray believed that this argument is unjust. They believe that Hearn was an anti-imperialist who should not be assimilated to other nineteenth-century travel writers and that his work still has historical value.[1][16] They describe Hearn as a defender of the Eastern world and its values, jeopardized by modernization and Westernization.[12] Other authors (including Roy Starrs) are nuanced in their criticism and believe that although he exhibited Orientalist features, he had "treated Japan in general and Japanese women in particular with a gentlemanly respect and consideration".[11]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Stempel, Daniel (1948). "Lafcadio Hearn: Interpreter of Japan". American Literature. 20 (1): 1–19. doi:10.2307/2921881. JSTOR 2921881.
- ^ a b Hearn, Lafcadio (1894). Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan. Houghton, Mifflin. ISBN 978-1-4047-3071-7. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
- ^ a b c d Lafcadio Hearn (1907). Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan: (first Series). University of Michigan. Bernhard Tauchnitz.
- ^ Baty, Thomas (1951). "The Literary Introduction of Japan to Europe". Monumenta Nipponica. 7 (1/2): 24–39. doi:10.2307/2382948. JSTOR 2382948. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ^ Abou-Jaoude, Amir Lowell (2016). "A Pure Invention: Japan, Impressionism, and the West, 1853–1906". The History Teacher. 50 (1): 57–82. ISSN 0018-2745. JSTOR 44504454. Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
- ^ a b c d Askew, Rie (1 June 2016). "Why Hearn? The Critical Reception of Lafcadio Hearn in Japan" (PDF). New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies. 18: 57–73. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ^ Bronner, Simon J. (2005). ""Gombo" Folkloristics: Lafcadio Hearn's Creolization and Hybridization in the Formative Period of Folklore Studies". Journal of Folklore Research. 42 (2): 141–184. ISSN 0737-7037. JSTOR 3814599. Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
- ^ Loichot, Valérie (13 August 2012). "Cooking Creoleness: Lafcadio Hearn in New Orleans and Martinique". Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy. 20 (1): 1–21. doi:10.5195/jffp.2012.537. ISSN 2155-1162.
- ^ a b c Lurie, David B. (2016). "Orientomology: The Insect Literature of Lafcadio Hearn". The Green Book: Writings on Irish Gothic, Supernatural and Fantastic Literature (8): 7–42. ISSN 2009-6089. JSTOR 48536123. Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
- ^ a b c Kawamura, Kinichi Edward (1934). "Lafcadio Hearn's life and his interpretation of Japan and the Japanese people". Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
- ^ a b c d Starrs, Roy (2006). "Lafcadio Hearn as Japanese Nationalist". Japan Review (18): 181–213. ISSN 0915-0986. JSTOR 25791302. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ^ a b c Askew, Rie (2 December 2009). "The Critical Reception of Lafcadio Hearn Outside Japan" (PDF). New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies. 11: 44–71. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 February 2013.
- ^ Gruchy, De (2000). Orienting Arthur Waley : Japonisme, Orientalism and the creation of Japanese literature in English (Thesis). University of British Columbia. doi:10.14288/1.0099534. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ^ Chamberlain, Basil Hall (1905). Things Japanese : being notes on various subjects connected with Japan for the use of travellers and others. Trinity College – University of Toronto: London : J. Murray. p. 77.
- ^ Baty, Thomas (1954). "The Literary Introduction of Japan to Europe [Continued]". Monumenta Nipponica. 10 (1/2): 65–80. doi:10.2307/2382792. ISSN 0027-0741. JSTOR 2382792. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ^ Murray, Paul (1 June 2016). A Fantastic Journey : The Life and Literature of Lafcadio Hearn. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315073170. ISBN 978-1-315-07317-0. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.