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Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy

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The Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy (GCoM) was established in 2016 by bringing formally together the Compact of Mayors and the European Union's Covenant of Mayors. It is a global coalition of city leaders addressing climate change by pledging to cut greenhouse gas emissions and prepare for the future impacts of climate change.[1] The Compact highlights cities' climate impact while measuring their relative risk levels and carbon pollution. The Compact of Mayors seeks to show the importance of city climate action, both at the local level and around the world.[2] The Compact was launched in 2014 by UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon and former New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg, the UN Special Envoy for Cities and Climate Change.[3] The Compact represents a common effort from global city networks C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group (C40), ICLEI, and United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG), as well as UN-Habitat, to unite against climate change.[4] 12,500 cities and local governments have committed to the Compact of Mayors. These cities hail from 6 continents and 144 countries. In total, they represent more than 1 billion people.[5]

Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy
AbbreviationGCoM
Founded22 June 2016, Brussels

Predecessors:
23 September 2014, NYC (Compact of Mayors)
2008 (EU's Covenant of Mayors)
TypeInternational organization
FocusClimate change
Area served
Participating member cities
MethodEmissions reduction & reporting guidance; standardized climate risk analysis; public reporting of local climate impact
Key people
UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon (Co-founder)
Former New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg (Co-founder)
Mayor Eduardo Paes (Chair, C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group)
Mayor Kadir Topbaş (President, United Cities and Local Governments)
Mayor Anne Hidalgo (Co-President, United Cities and Local Governments)
Mayor Ashok-Alexander Sridharan (President of ICLEI)
Dr. Joan Clos (Executive Director of United Nations Human Settlements Programme)
Websitewww.globalcovenantofmayors.org
European cities going green

History

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The Compact of Mayors was launched by Ban Ki-moon and Mike Bloomberg on 23 September 2014 at the UN Climate Summit 2014.[6] The announcement detailed a commitment by 228 cities to cut up to 13 gigatons of carbon emissions by 2050. Mayors Eduardo Paes of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Anne Hidalgo of Paris, France and Park Won-soon of Seoul, South Korea joined in the announcement, representing C40, UCLG, and ICLEI.[7] UN-Habitat provided additional support and oversight for the launch of the Compact.

On 8 December 2014, World Resources Institute, C40 Cities, and ICLEI revealed the Global Protocol for Community Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories (GPC), identified as the first set of standardized global rules for cities to measure and publicly report their carbon pollution emissions. This standard is the baseline on which Compact of Mayors was founded.[8][9]

At the C40 Latin American Mayors Summit on 27 March 2015, Compact of Mayors officials launched the first public recruiting effort, receiving commitments from twenty Latin American mayors to join the Compact and accelerate their push toward low-carbon economies.[10] On 30 June 2015, Mike Bloomberg and Mayor Anne Hidalgo jointly announced their plans to host a Climate Summit for Local Leaders on 4 December at Paris City Hall.[11] The summit will convene mayors from around the world at the COP21 climate negotiations and build upon existing climate commitments under the Compact of Mayors.[12]

At the National Clean Energy Summit in Las Vegas on 24 August 2015, President Barack Obama challenged 100 cities to commit to the Compact of Mayors as part of a larger push to advance clean energy across the United States.[13] Rio de Janeiro became the first city to achieve full compliance with the Compact on 26 August 2015.[14]

Vice President of the United States Joe Biden called out the success of the Compact of Mayors in promoting action against climate change during his address at the US-China Climate Leadership Summit in Los Angeles on 15 September 2015.[15] Later that month, on 28 September 2015, Mike Bloomberg announced the launch of a new parent organization combining the efforts of the Compact of Mayors and the Compact of States and Regions at NYC Climate Week.[16]

Vice President Biden also cited the success of the Compact of Mayors while speaking on 5 November 2015 at the National League of Cities Congress of Cities in Nashville, Tennessee, USA.[17] On 20 November 2015, the Compact of Mayors was recognized by the White House for exceeding 100 U.S. member cities prior to the COP 21 climate negotiations in Paris.[18]

Mayors and other leaders of hundreds of cities committed to the Compact of Mayors attended the Climate Summit for Local Leaders at Paris City Hall on 4 December 2015 during COP21.[12] At the Climate Summit for Local Leaders, Leonardo DiCaprio welcomed climate action commitments made by 392 cities under the Compact of Mayors, and he urged the local leaders in attendance to do more to fight climate change.[19]

Following the Climate Summit, 428 global cities had committed to the Compact of Mayors, representing over 376 million people worldwide.[20]

The Compact of Mayors officially merged with the Covenant of Mayors on 22 June 2016 in Brussels, Belgium. The newly created Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy unites more than 7,100 cities in 119 countries across six continents in the shared goal of fighting climate change through coordinated local climate action. The initiative represents more than 600 million residents, or more than 8 percent of the world's population.[21][22][23] As of March 2024, the commitment has expanded to include over 12,500 cities and local governments. These cities hail from 6 continents and 144 countries. In total, they represent more than 1 billion people.[24]

Leadership

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The Compact of Mayors was launched by UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon and Mike Bloomberg. The organization receives oversight from ICLEI, United Cities and Local Governments, and C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group. UN-Habitat has provided founding and operational support. Mayor Eduardo Paes of Rio de Janeiro currently serves as the chairperson of C40 Cities,[25] while Mayor Kadir Topbas of Istanbul, Turkey[26] and Mayor Anne Hidalgo of Paris, France currently serve as president and co-president of United Cities and Local Governments.[27] Mayor Ashok-Alexander Sridharan of Bonn, Germany is the current president of ICLEI,[28] and Ms Maimunah Mohd Sharif serves as the current Executive Director of UN-Habitat.[29] Mayor Nanda Jichkar of Nagpur, India is a board member of Global Covenant of Mayors.[30]

Controversy

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In 2020, the Covenant received international condemnation for bowing to Chinese pressure and updating the six member cities in Taiwan from their original designation as being cities in "Chinese Taipei" to cities in "China". Taiwanese premier Su Tseng-chang criticized the changes as "extremely improper".[31] The decision was reversed a few days later with assistance from the European Union.[32] Foreign Minister of Taiwan Joseph Wu said “We are happy to learn that they have changed our name back to the original title".[33]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Barron-Lopez, Laura. "UN launches global mayors network to fight climate change". TheHill. Archived from the original on 11 December 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  2. ^ "History - Compact of Mayors". Compact of Mayors. Archived from the original on 4 October 2017. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
  3. ^ "Cities are lapping countries on climate action". Grist. Archived from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  4. ^ "New alliance on city finance unveiled at UN Summit on climate change | Cities Today - Connecting the world's urban leaders". cities-today.com. Archived from the original on 16 January 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  5. ^ "Who we are". Global Covenant of Mayors. Archived from the original on 22 March 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2024.
  6. ^ "Cities Will Solve Climate Change, Not Nations". www.scientificamerican.com. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  7. ^ "Bloomberg presents city-centric climate report to U.N." www.capitalnewyork.com. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  8. ^ "Cities Take Lead on Tackling Climate Change". EcoWatch. Archived from the original on 8 January 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
  9. ^ Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories (PDF). 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  10. ^ "Latin American Mayors Avow Clean Bus Transit". CleanTechnica. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  11. ^ "Why Cities Will Be Vital Players at Paris Climate Talks". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 2 December 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  12. ^ a b Schapiro, Mark (15 November 2015). "COP21: Cities Move to Climate Talks' Center Stage". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  13. ^ "FACT SHEET: President Obama Announces New Actions to Bring Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency to Households across the Country". whitehouse.gov. Archived from the original on 20 January 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2015 – via National Archives.
  14. ^ "Rio, first city to fully comply, Compact of Mayors". cities-today.com. Archived from the original on 30 December 2015. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
  15. ^ "Vice President Joe Biden Discusses Local Climate Action at U.S.-China Climate Leaders Summit". YouTube. Compact of Mayors. 22 September 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  16. ^ Worl, Justin. "Why Cities Are the Next Frontier in the Fight Against Climate Change". Time. Archived from the original on 11 December 2015. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
  17. ^ "Vice President Biden calls on more U.S. cities to commit to the Compact of Mayors". National Geographic (blogs). Archived from the original on 7 November 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  18. ^ "A Major Milestone for President Obama's Climate Agenda". whitehouse.gov. Archived from the original on 21 January 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2015 – via National Archives.
  19. ^ "DiCaprio Warns Time Is Running Out On Climate Change". The Huffington Post UK. Archived from the original on 11 December 2015. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  20. ^ "Compact of Mayors". Compact of Mayors. Archived from the original on 19 November 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  21. ^ "Mayors from 7,100 cities forge world's largest alliance to curb climate change". Archived from the original on 27 July 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
  22. ^ Orttung, Nicole (24 June 2016). "Why cities are forming a global alliance to curb climate change". Christian Science Monitor. ISSN 0882-7729. Archived from the original on 23 July 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
  23. ^ "7,100 Cities From 119 Countries Join Together in Historic Collaboration to Accelerate Climate Action". EcoWatch. Archived from the original on 18 July 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
  24. ^ "Who we are". Global Covenant of Mayors. Archived from the original on 22 March 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2024.
  25. ^ "World Mayors Lead by Example on Climate Action, Provides Hope for Binding Agreement at COP21". EcoWatch. Archived from the original on 27 November 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  26. ^ "[UCLG] | [United Cities and Local Governments]". www.uclg.org. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  27. ^ "Ten global cities, climate plans, COP21 | Cities Today - Connecting the world's urban leaders". cities-today.com. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  28. ^ "Mayor Ashok Sridharan of Bonn elected ICLEI President". ICLEI. 5 June 2018. Archived from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  29. ^ "Draft Habitat III rules clarify role of local authorities, civil society | Citiscope". citiscope.org. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  30. ^ "South Asia". Global Covenant of Mayors. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
  31. ^ Blanchard, Ben (27 September 2020). "'Taiwan is Taiwan': China name dispute moves from birds to climate change". Reuters. Taipei. Archived from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  32. ^ "With EU help, Taiwan gets rare win in China naming dispute". Reuters. Taipei. 28 September 2020. Archived from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  33. ^ "Global climate group lets Taiwan keep Chinese-Taipei name, a win over China's demands". South China Morning Post. 28 September 2020. Archived from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
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