Gloria al Bravo Pueblo

Gloria al Bravo Pueblo
English: Glory to the Brave People
	National anthem of Venezuela
Also known as	La Marsellesa Venezolana (English: Venezuelan Marseillaise)
Lyrics	Vicente Salias, 1810
Music	Juan José Landaeta (Attributed)
Adopted	1881
Audio sample
	file; help;

"Gloria al Bravo Pueblo" (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈɡloɾja al ˈβɾaβo ˈpweβlo]; "Glory to the Brave People") is the national anthem of Venezuela. Its lyrics were written by physician and journalist Vicente Salias in 1810, set to music later composed by musician Juan José Landaeta. Owing to musical similarities with the French national anthem, beginning in 1840 "Gloria al Bravo Pueblo" was known as "La Marsellesa Venezolana" ("The Venezuelan Marseillaise"). It was declared Venezuela's national anthem by decree of President Antonio Guzmán Blanco on May 25, 1881.

Recent investigations have suggested that the real author of the anthem was Andrés Bello, and not Salias, to whom it was originally credited, and the music was composed by another musician called Lino Gallardo.^{[citation needed]} However, this theory has yet to be proven, and lacks any real recognition among the general Venezuelan population, historians, or otherwise.

History

The Patriotic Society was formed in Caracas as a result of the Revolution of April 19, 1810, One of its meetings, Existed by the Success of Its Patriotic Song, Caraqueños, Otra Época Inicia. Composed by Cayetano Carreño and Lyrics by Andrés Bello, suggested that the proposal for the Society was also launch a Patriotic March that stimulated the mood for the undecided. On April 18, 1868, newspaper El Federalista published the official lyrics written by Salias, which commemorated the 58th Anniversary of Independence the day before in the capital, mentioned that "in the halls of the University and in the presence of large public, before the speeches, a «martial music» performed several pieces, among them the National Anthem ".

Commissioned by President Antonio Guzmán Blanco, Dr. Eduardo Calcaño, a valuable composer and musician, adequately fulfilled the task of fixing the musical text of the Anthem, which he did while preserving the martial brilliance of the melody, without attempting to alter it or give it another expression.

On May 25, 1881, the Gloria al Bravo Pueblo was definitively consecrated as the National Anthem of Venezuela, by means of a decree issued by the then President, Antonio Guzmán Blanco. After this decree and the publications of the National Anthem that were made in 1883 , a new official edition was produced in 1911 to commemorate the centenary of independence, which was entrusted to Salvador Llamozas. In 1947 the current structure of the musical and lyricial ambiance was overhauled by composer Juan Bautista Plaza.

Disputed composition

However, this theory has not been fully proven; although the truth is that both Juan José Landaeta and Lino Gallardo belonged to the "School of Music of Caracas", the central activity of the "Archdiocesan Oratory of Caracas", founded by Pedro Palacios y Sojo.^{[clarification needed]}

It was thus that one of the members of the Patriotic Society, poet Vicente Salias, improvised there the first verses of the National Anthem on it was originally written around 1810 as a patriotic hymn. Later official modifications have been written by Eduardo Calcaño (1881), Salvador Llamozas (1911) and Juan Bautista Plaza (1947).

Lyrics

Spanish original^[1]^[2]	IPA transcription^[a]	English translation
Coro: 𝄆 Gloria al Bravo Pueblo que el yugo lanzó la ley respetando la virtud y honor 𝄇 I 𝄆 ¡Abajo cadenas! 𝄇 𝄆 Gritaba el Señor 𝄇 y el pobre en su choza libertad pidió A este santo nombre tembló de pavor el vil egoísmo que otra vez triunfó 𝄆 A este santo nombre 𝄇 tembló de pavor 𝄆 el vil egoísmo que otra vez triunfó 𝄇 Coro II 𝄆 Gritemos con brío 𝄇 𝄆 ¡Muera la opresión! 𝄇 Compatriotas fieles la fuerza es la unión y desde el empíreo el Supremo Autor un sublime aliento al pueblo infundió 𝄆 y desde el empíreo 𝄇 el Supremo Autor 𝄆 un sublime aliento al pueblo infundió 𝄇 Coro III 𝄆 Unida con lazos 𝄇 𝄆 que el cielo formó 𝄇 la América toda existe en Nación y si el despotismo levanta la voz seguid el ejemplo que Caracas dio 𝄆 y si el despotismo 𝄇 levanta la voz 𝄆 seguid el ejemplo que Caracas dio 𝄇 Coro	[ˈɡloɾja al ˈβɾaβo ˈpweβlo] [ke el ˈɟʝuɣo lanˈso] [la ˈlej respeˈtando] [la βiɾˈtuð i oˈnoɾ] [aˈβaxo kaˈðenas] [ɡɾiˈtaβa el seˈɲoɾ] [i el ˈpoβɾe en su ˈtʃosa] [liβeɾˈtað piˈðjo] [a ˈeste ˈsanto ˈnombɾe] [temˈblo ðe paˈβoɾ] [el ˈβil eɣoˈizmo] [ke ˈotɾa ˈβes tɾjuɱˈfo] [ɡɾiˈtemos kom ˈbɾi.o] [ˈmweɾa la opɾeˈsjon] [kompaˈtɾjotas ˈfjeles] [la ˈfweɾsa ez la uˈnjon] [i ˈðezðe el emˈpiɾeo] [el suˈpɾemo awˈtoɾ] [un suˈβlime aˈljento] [al ˈpweβlo iɱfunˈdjo] [uˈniða kon ˈlasos] [ke el ˈsjelo foɾˈmo] [la aˈmeɾika ˈtoða] [ekˈsiste en naˈsjon] [i si el despoˈtizmo] [leˈβanta la ˈβos] [seˈɣið el eˈxemplo] [ke kaˈɾakaz ˈðjo]	Chorus: 𝄆 Glory to the brave people who shook off the yoke, The law respecting, virtue and honour. 𝄇 I 𝄆 "Down with chains!" 𝄇 𝄆 Shouted the Lord; 𝄇 And the poor man in his hovel For Freedom implored. Upon this holy name Trembled in great dread The vile selfishness That had once prevailed. 𝄆 Upon this holy name 𝄇 Trembled in great dread 𝄆 The vile selfishness That had once prevailed. 𝄇 Chorus II 𝄆 Let’s scream out aloud: 𝄇 𝄆 "Death to oppression!" 𝄇 Oh, loyal countrymen: Strength is unity; And from the Empyrean The Supreme Author A sublime spirit To the people blew; 𝄆 And from the Empyrean 𝄇 The Supreme Author 𝄆 A sublime spirit To the people blew. 𝄇 Chorus III 𝄆 United by bonds 𝄇 𝄆 That Heaven has formed, 𝄇 The entire America Exists as a Nation; And if ever despotism Raises again its voice, Then follow the example That Caracas gave; 𝄆 And if ever despotism 𝄇 Raises again its voice, 𝄆 Then follow the example That Caracas gave. 𝄇 Chorus

Regulations and usage

The official broadcast of the national anthem is played on all radio stations, national and regional television networks every day of the week at 12:00 am and 6:00 am (sometimes on 12:00 pm during National Holidays) mandatorily accorded by the law passed in 1954 (either the full version or the chorus, first stanza and chorus).

On radio broadcasts in some of the regional radio stations, the state anthem is played after the national anthem, which is also the case for state TV stations.^{[citation needed]}

In most occasions, only the chorus, first stanza and the chorus are played, or even the chorus itself. Sometimes the chorus is played twice in the beginning, and once in the rest of the anthem. In formal events (if the anthem will be played by either a military band, concert band or orchestra) the format is: chorus (2x), first verse and chorus (2x), with the optional introduction. If played in full the chorus is sung twice, with or without the introductory notes.

References

CIA.gov

^ "Información general sobre Venezuela". Embajada de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela en la Republica de Polonia (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-03-30.
^ Sousa, John Philip (1890). National, Patriotic and Typical Airs of All Lands: With Copious Notes. H. Coleman. p. 277.

Notes

^ See Help:IPA/Spanish and Venezuelan Spanish.

External links

[1] "Información general sobre Venezuela". Embajada de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela en la Republica de Polonia (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-03-30.

[2] Sousa, John Philip (1890). National, Patriotic and Typical Airs of All Lands: With Copious Notes. H. Coleman. p. 277.

[3] See Help:IPA/Spanish and Venezuelan Spanish.

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