Wikipedia

Gay Nigger Association of America

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"GNAA" redirects here. For other uses, see GNAA (disambiguation).

The Gay Nigger Association of America (GNAA) was an internet trolling group. They targeted several prominent websites and internet personalities including Slashdot, Wikipedia, CNN, Barack Obama, Alex Jones, and prominent members of the blogosphere. They also released software products, and leaked screenshots and information about upcoming operating systems. In addition, they maintained a software repository and a wiki-based site dedicated to internet commentary.[5][6]

Gay Nigger Association of America
AbbreviationGNAA
Formation2002; 22 years ago (2002)[1]
TypeInternet trolls
PurposeTrolling
AffiliationsGoatse Security[2][3][4]
Websitewww.gnaa.eu

Members of the GNAA also founded Goatse Security, a grey hat information security group. Members of Goatse Security released information in June 2010 about email addresses on AT&T's website from people who had subscribed to mobile data service using the iPad. After the vulnerability was disclosed, the then-president of the GNAA, weev, and a GNAA member, "JacksonBrown", were arrested.[7]

Origins, known members and name

The group was run by a president.[4] New media researcher Andrew Lih stated that it was unclear whether or not there was initially a clearly defined group of GNAA members, or if founding and early members of the GNAA were online troublemakers united under the name in order to disrupt websites.[8] However, professor Jodi Dean and Ross Cisneros claimed that they were an organized group of anti-blogging trolls.[5][9] Reporters also referred to the GNAA as a group.[10][11][12]

In her 2017 book Troll Hunting, Australian journalist Ginger Gorman identified the president of the GNAA as an individual from Colorado known as "Meepsheep."[13] Known former presidents of the GNAA were security researcher Jaime "asshurtmacfags" Cochran, who also co-founded the hacking group "Rustle League,"[14] and "timecop," founder of the anime fansub group "Dattebayo."[13][15] Other members included former president Andrew "weev" Auernheimer, Daniel "JacksonBrown" Spitler,[7][16] and former spokesman Leon Kaiser.[17] GNAA has also been documented as having been loosely affiliated with the satirical wiki Encyclopedia Dramatica.[13]

The group's name incited controversy and was described as "causing immediate alarm in anyone with a semblance of good taste," "intentionally offensive,"[8] and "spectacularly offensive."[10] The group denied allegations of racism and homophobia, explaining that the name was intended to sow disruption on the internet and challenge social norms (claiming it was derived from the 1992 Danish satirical blaxploitation film Gayniggers from Outer Space).[5] In an interview on the OfFenzive podcast, president Weev recalled an anecdote where the organization did actually once contain a member that was a homosexual black male.[18]

Trolling

The GNAA used many different methods of trolling. One was to simply "crapflood" a weblog's comment form with text consisting of repeated words and phrases.[5][10] On Wikipedia, members of the group created an article about the group, while adhering to Wikipedia's rules and policies, a process Andrew Lih says "essentially [used] the system against itself."[8] Another method included attacking many Internet Relay Chat channels and networks using different IRC flooding techniques.[19]

The GNAA also produced shock sites containing malware.[5][20] One such site, "Last Measure," contained embedded malware that opened up "an endless cascade of pop-up windows displaying pornography or horrific medical pictures."[20][21] They also performed proof of concept demonstrations.[19][22] These actions occasionally interrupted the normal operation of popular websites.

2000s

In July 2004, two GNAA members submitted leaked screenshots of the upcoming operating system Mac OS X v10.4[23] to the popular Macintosh news website MacRumors.[24]

In June 2005, the GNAA announced that it had created a Mac OS X Tiger release for Intel x86 processors which caught media attention from various sources.[25][26][27] The next day, the supposed leak was mentioned on the G4 television show Attack of the Show.[28] The ISO image released via BitTorrent merely booted a shock image[28][29] instead of the leaked operating system.[30]

On February 3, 2007, the GNAA successfully managed to convince CNN reporter Paula Zahn that "one in three Americans" believe that the September 11, 2001, terror attacks were carried out by Israeli agents.[31] CNN subsequently ran a story erroneously reporting this, involving a round-table discussion regarding antisemitism and an interview with the father of a Jewish 9/11 victim.[32] The GNAA-owned website said that "over 4,000" Jews were absent from work at the World Trade Center on 9/11.[32]

On February 11, 2007, an attack was launched on the website of US presidential candidate (and future US president) Barack Obama, where the group's name was caused to appear on the website's front page.[33]

2010s

In late January 2010, the GNAA used a then-obscure phenomenon known as cross-protocol scripting (a combination of cross-site scripting and inter-protocol exploitation) to cause users of the Freenode IRC network to unknowingly flood IRC channels after visiting websites containing inter-protocol exploits.[11] They also have used a combination of inter-protocol, cross-site, and integer overflow bugs in both the Firefox and Safari web browsers to flood IRC channels.[12]

On October 30, the GNAA began a trolling campaign in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy on the US East Coast, spreading fake photographs and tweets of alleged looters in action. After the GNAA published a press-release detailing the incident,[34] mainstream media outlets began detailing how the prank was carried out.[35][36]

On December 3, the GNAA was identified as being responsible for a cross-site scripting attack on Tumblr that resulted in thousands of Tumblr blogs being defaced with a pro-GNAA message.[37]

In January 2013, the GNAA collaborated with users on the imageboard 4chan to start a "#cut4bieber" trend on Twitter, encouraging fans of Canadian pop singer Justin Bieber to practice self-harm.[38][39]

From 2014 into 2015, GNAA members began playing an active role in the Gamergate controversy, sabotaging efforts made by pro-Gamergate parties. Several GNAA members were able to gain administrative access to 8chan's (an imageboard associated with Gamergate) primary Gamergate board, which they disrupted and ultimately closed. The GNAA also claimed responsibility for releasing private information related to many pro-Gamergate activists.[40]

On October 13, 2016, GNAA member Meepsheep vandalized Wikipedia to cause the entries for Bill and Hillary Clinton to be overlapped with pornographic images and a message endorsing Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump.[41]

In August 2017, GNAA was named as having been involved in a feud between employees of the popular dating app Bumble, and tenants of the apartment building in Austin, Texas where the company was, at the time, illegally headquartered.[42] Joseph Bernstein of BuzzFeed News reported that one of the building's residents contacted GNAA to "fight back" against Bumble after multiple complaints regarding the company's activities were ignored. The dispute resulted in Bumble choosing to relocate from the building, which GNAA claimed credit for in a press release the group spammed across several websites via clickjacking.[42]

Goatse Security

Main article: Goatse Security
 
Goatse Security's logo and name are taken from the infamous shock site goatse.cx.

Several members of the GNAA with expertise in grey hat[43] computer security research began releasing information about several software vulnerabilities under the name "Goatse Security." The group chose to publish their work under a separate name because they thought that they would not be taken seriously.[16]

In June 2010, Goatse Security attracted mainstream media attention for their discovery of at least 114,000 unsecured email addresses[44] registered to Apple iPad devices for early adopters of Apple's 3G iPad service.[3][45] The data was aggregated from AT&T's own servers by feeding a publicly available script with HTTP requests containing randomly generated ICC-IDs, which would then return the associated email address. The FBI soon investigated the incident. This investigation led to the arrest of then-GNAA President,[46] Andrew 'weev' Auernheimer, on unrelated drug charges[47] resulting from an FBI search of his home.[16][48]

In January 2011, the Department of Justice announced that Auernheimer would be charged with one count of conspiracy to access a computer without authorization and one count of fraud.[49] A co-defendant, Daniel Spitler, was released on bail.[50][51] In June 2011, Spitler pleaded guilty on both counts after reaching a plea agreement with US attorneys.[52] On November 20, 2012, Auernheimer was found guilty of one count of identity fraud and one count of conspiracy to access a computer without authorization.[53] These convictions were overturned[why?] on April 11, 2014, and Auernheimer was subsequently released from prison.[54]

References

  1. ^ "About". GNAA. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011. Retrieved June 10, 2011.
  2. ^ Emspak, Jesse (January 19, 2011). "The Case Against The iPad Hackers". International Business Times. Archived from the original on January 25, 2011. Retrieved March 19, 2011.
  3. ^ a b Chokshi, Niraj (June 10, 2010). "Meet One of the Hackers Who Exposed the iPad Security Leak". The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company. Retrieved February 25, 2011.
  4. ^ a b Rohr, Altieres (June 11, 2010). "Saiba como ocorreu falha que expôs e-mails de 114 mil usuários do iPad" [Know how failure exposing 114 thousand iPad user email addresses happened]. Rede Globo (in Portuguese). Retrieved September 13, 2010.
  5. ^ a b c d e Dean, Jodi (2010). Blog Theory: Feedback and Capture in the Circuits of Drive. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. ISBN 978-0-7456-4970-2. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
  6. ^ "FreeNode, allarme sicurezza". PuntoInformatico (in Italian). June 28, 2006. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
  7. ^ a b Bilton, Nick; Wortham, Jenna (January 19, 2011). "Two Are Charged With Fraud in iPad Security Breach". The New York Times. p. 4.
  8. ^ a b c Lih, Andrew (March 17, 2009). The Wikipedia Revolution: How a Bunch of Nobodies Created the World's Greatest Encyclopedia. Cambridge, UK: Hyperion. pp. 170–71. ISBN 978-1-4001-1076-6.
  9. ^ Cisneros, Ross B (2005). Regarding Evil (SM). Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
  10. ^ a b c Kirkpatrick, Stewart (November 22, 2005). "Lazy Guide to Net Culture: Dark side of the rainbow". The Scotsman. Retrieved March 20, 2011.
  11. ^ a b Constantin, Lucian (January 30, 2010). "Firefox Bug Used to Harass Entire IRC Network". Softpedia. Retrieved March 17, 2011.
  12. ^ a b van der Meijs, Sander (February 1, 2010). "Bug in Firefox gebruikt tegen IRC netwerk". Webwereld (in Dutch). IDG Netherlands. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved March 17, 2011.
  13. ^ a b c Gorman, Ginger (April 16, 2019). Troll Hunting: Inside the World of Online Hate and its Human Fallout. Hardie Grant. pp. 185–194. ISBN 978-1743794357.
  14. ^ "Meet the Mysterious Hacking Collective Who Love Trolling Anonymous". Vice. February 22, 2013. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
  15. ^ Eordogh, Fruzsina. "Meet the Mysterious Hacking Collective Who Love Trolling Anonymous". www.vice.com. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
  16. ^ a b c Kaiser, Leon (January 19, 2011). "Interview: Goatse Security on FBI Charges Following AT&T iPad Breach". DailyTech (Interview: transcript). Interviewed by Mick, Jason. Archived from the original on March 31, 2014. Retrieved January 21, 2011.
  17. ^ "DailyTech - Interview: Goatse Security on FBI Charges Following AT&T iPad Breach". Archived from the original on March 31, 2014. Retrieved January 31, 2011.
  18. ^ "Ep 18 Andrew "Weev" Auernheimer – OfFenzive – Podcast". January 29, 2021.
  19. ^ a b "Firefox-based attack wreaks havoc on IRC users", The Register, January 30, 2010, retrieved August 27, 2010
  20. ^ a b Attwood, Feona (2010). Porn.com: making sense of online pornography. Peter Lang. ISBN 978-1-4331-0207-3. Retrieved March 20, 2011.
  21. ^ Jones, Dr. Steve (2011). "Horrorporn/Pornhorror: The Problematic Communities and Contexts of Online Shock Imagery" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 18, 2014. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
  22. ^ Very Ugly Bug at BarackObama.com. TechCrunch. Accessed August 27, 2010.
  23. ^ "Wie typisch". Mac news (in German). DE: Giga. June 28, 2004. Archived from the original on August 2, 2012. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
  24. ^ "Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger) Screenshots?", MacRumors, June 26, 2004, retrieved August 27, 2010
  25. ^ "Apple Mac OS X 10.4.1 for Intel hits piracy sites", Mac daily news (report), June 11, 2005, retrieved September 6, 2010
  26. ^ "OS X for x86 already in the wild?", Engadget, June 12, 2005, retrieved September 6, 2010
  27. ^ "Mac Hacks Allow OS X on PCs", Wired, August 2005, archived from the original on July 27, 2010, retrieved September 8, 2010
  28. ^ a b "Attack of the Show!". Attack of the Show!. June 2005. G4.
  29. ^ "MacInDell Part Quatre – The Ruby Goldmine", Gizmodo, June 15, 2005, retrieved August 27, 2010
  30. ^ Jumping on the bandwagon: OS X on x86! OMG!, TUAW, August 12, 2005, retrieved September 7, 2010
  31. ^ Welaratna, Deepthi (April 6, 2007). "Terror! Conspiracy! Hoax!". KQED Arts. KQED. Archived from the original on September 22, 2011. Retrieved March 18, 2011.
  32. ^ a b "Paula Zahn Now". Transcripts. February 3, 2007. CNN.
  33. ^ "Very Ugly Bug at BarackObama.com", Tech crunch, February 11, 2007
  34. ^ Kaiser, Leon. "GNAA Fabricates "Sandy Loot Crew", Media Bites". GNAA. Archived from the original on November 3, 2012. Retrieved November 2, 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  35. ^ Grubb, Ben. "Twitter works up a storm over looting images". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved November 2, 2012.
  36. ^ Dillon, Kit. "Less Looting, More Trolling: Daily Mail, Drudge Get Pwnd By Twitter Pranksters #SandyLootCrew". Betabeat. Retrieved November 2, 2012.
  37. ^ Hepburn, Ned (December 3, 2012). "Tumblr just got massively hacked". Deathandtaxesmag.com. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
  38. ^ "Internet Trolls Start Sick Trend To Encourage Justin Bieber Fans To Self-Harm". stereoboard.com. January 8, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  39. ^ "Justin Bieber fans draw shock, outrage with gruesome 'Cut4Bieber' trending topic". NY Daily News.
  40. ^ Bernstein, Joseph (December 4, 2014). "GamerGate's Headquarters Has Been Destroyed By Trolls". BuzzFeed. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
  41. ^ O'Connor, Brendan (October 13, 2016). "Internet Trolls Vandalize Hillary and Bill Clinton's Wikipedia Pages in Extremely NSFW Way". Archived from the original on October 13, 2016. Retrieved March 24, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  42. ^ a b Bernstein, Joseph (August 1, 2017). "Bumble's Former Neighbors Say It Was Using A Luxury Apartment Building As Its Personal Playground". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
  43. ^ Apple's iPad security breach reveals vulnerability of mobile devices. Washington Post. Accessed September 2, 2010.
  44. ^ Apple's iPad Breach Raises Alarms. NPR. Accessed September 6, 2010.
  45. ^ "Falha de segurança que expõe donos do iPad investigada pelo FBI" [Security failure exposing iPad owners investigated by the FBI]. Tek (in Portuguese). PT: Sapo.pt. June 11, 2010. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved March 17, 2011.
  46. ^ United States District Court — District Court of New Jersey, Docket: MAG 11-4022 (CCC). Filed with the court January 13, 2011
  47. ^ Torrenzano, Richard; Davis, Mark W (2011). Digital Assassination: Protecting Your Reputation, Brand, Or Business. Macmillan. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-312-61791-2.
  48. ^ Hacker in AT&T-iPad security case arrested on drug charges Archived August 10, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. CNET. Accessed September 1, 2010.
  49. ^ McMillan, Robert; Jackson, Joab (January 18, 2011). "Criminal charges filed against AT&T iPad attackers". Computerworld.
  50. ^ Voigt, Kurt (January 21, 2011). "No bail for 2nd iPad e-mail address theft suspect". MSNBC. NBC News. Associated Press. Retrieved February 15, 2011.[dead link]
  51. ^ Porter, David (February 28, 2011). "Suspect in iPad Data Theft Released on Bail in NJ". ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved March 2, 2011.
  52. ^ Smith, Catharine (June 23, 2011). "Daniel Spitler Pleads Guilty To iPad Hack, Email Address Theft". Huffington Post.
  53. ^ Zetter, Kim (November 20, 2012). "Hacker Found Guilty of Breaching AT&T Site to Obtain iPad Customer Data". Wired.com.
  54. ^ Voreacos, David (April 14, 2014). "AT&T Hacker 'Weev' Parties and Tweets as Case Still Looms". Bloomberg. Retrieved April 14, 2014.
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