Petrič (Serbian: Petrič, Петрич) or Petrč or Petrić (Albanian: Pjetriqi) was a strategic military complex consisting of two late medieval fortresses in Nerodimlje Župa of the Kingdom of Serbia.[2]: 10 The role of the main fortress Veliki Petrič (or Velika Kaleja) and a smaller fortress Mali Petrič (or Mala Kaleja) was to protect the court of the King of Serbia in Nerodimlja.[3]: 501 [4]
Петрич Pjetriqi | |
| Alternative name | Petrč |
|---|---|
| History | |
| Builder | King Milutin |
| Material | large stones and lime mortar |
| Founded | end of the 13th century[1] |
| Satellite of | Nerodimlje (court of the King of Serbia) |
| Official name | Ostaci srednjovekovnih gradova Malog i Velikog Petriča |
| Type | Cultural monument of Exceptional Importance |
| Designated | 31 December 1967 |
| Reference no. | SK 1418 |
Location and construction
editTwo fortresses were built on two adjacent hills of the southern slopes of Carraleva Mountain, above the king's court Nerodimlje and also above the confluence of two streams (Mala River and Golema River) that form Nerodimka River,[3]: 501 [5] west of the modern day town Ferizaj in Kosovo.[6] Mali Petrič was built around 3.5 km south of the bigger fortress Veliki Petrič.[3]: 501
The remnants of both Veliki and Mali Petrič are covered with forest. Based on the configuration of the land it can be assumed that Veliki Petrič had triangular shape. The thickness of the remnants of the southern wall is between 2 and 2.2 metres (7 ft 3 in). It was built of large stones and lime mortar. There was a gate in southern wall which was 3.3 metres (11 ft) wide.[6] Konstantin Jireček described remnants of four towers of this fort.[7]
History
edit
Stephen of Dečani and Dušan the Mighty.
Visoki Dečani monastery, 14th century (UNESCO).
Kingdom of Serbia had numerous temporary courts in its administrative districts known as župas. In Nerodimlje Župa there were three courts of King Milutin: Nerodimlje (below Petrič), Svrčin (on the island of Svrčin Lake) and Pauni.[2]: 8 [8] The fourth court within this complex was several kilometers north of Pauni, on the location of modern day Shtime village.[9]
Petrič was often mentioned in connection with the struggle between Stefan Dušan and his father Stefan Dečanski over the throne of Serbia. In 1331 Stefan Dušan came from Shkodër to Nerodimlje to overthrow his father Stefan Dečanski who fled to Petrič with a small number of men.[10] It is unknown whether it was Veliki or Mali Petrič.[11] Dušan first captured the court in Nerodimlje with its treasury and besieged Petrič which he captured on 21 August 1331 and imprisoned his father in Zvečan Fortress, where he was strangled.[12]
Administration
editPetrič belonged to the following states:
- Since its establishment at the end of the 13th century until 1346 Petrič was part of the Kingdom of Serbia
- In period 1346–1371 it belonged to the Serbian Empire
- In period 1371–1412 Petrič was part of the District of Branković governed by Vuk Branković[13]
- In period 1412–1441 it belonged to the Serbian Despotate.
Petrič was again mentioned when the valley below the fortress was registered (as the valley of Petric) in 1485 Ottoman defter. According to this defter this valley was populated with 13 Serbian and one Albanian household.[14]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Glas. U Kralj.-srpskoj državnoj štampariji. 1941. p. 40. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
...сачуван је и град Петрч у развалинама (сад се зове Петрић). Земљиште ових нових престоничких двора немањићских, на месту на ком их је с крајем XIII века основао краљ Милутин, везано је за село Не- родимљу и за долину...
- ^ a b Vidačić, Nikola P. (1967). Na obalama Nerodimke. Savez udruženja boraca narodnooslobodilačkog rata SR Srbije. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
У врх жупе неродимске, на јужним огранцима Црно- љеве5), налазио се добро утврђени средњевековни град Петрч.
- ^ a b c Janićijević, Jovan (1998). The cultural treasury of Serbia. IDEA. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
- ^ "Veliki i Mali Petrič" (in Serbian). SANU. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
Намена ових утврђења била је да штите путеве и дворац српских владара у Неродимљи.
- ^ Nušić, Branislav Đ (1902). Kosovo. p. 25. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
Та се два крака састају испод брда на којем су развале Петрић града и састављена теку кроз село Неродимку, од којега река и име добија.
- ^ a b Domljan, Žarko (1987). Likovna enciklopedija Jugoslavije. Jugoslavenski leksikografski zavod "Miroslav Krleža". p. 564. ISBN 978-86-7053-001-0. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
PETRIČ (Veliki i Mali Petrič), dva sredovj. grada smeštena na dva susedna uzvišenja zap. od Uroševca.
- ^ Jireček, Konstantin (1978). Istorija Srba. Slovo ljubve. p. 9. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
...стране стрмим обронцима, леже рушевине малога града П е т р ч а са остацима од четири куле (сада Петрич).
- ^ Popović, Bogdan; Skerlić, Jovan (1932). Srpski književni glasnik. p. 388. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
... Милутннови Неро- димл.а, Петрч и Пауни...
- ^ Samardžić, Radovan (1989). Kosovo i Metohija u srpskoj istoriji. Srpska književna zadruga. p. 31. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
Четврти дворац у овом комплексу налазио се тако^е у близини, неколико километара севершце од Па- уна, на обали језера, свакако код данашњег села Штимља.
- ^ Bešić, Zarij M. (1970). Istorija Črne Gore: Od kraja XII do kraqja XV vijeka. 2 pts. Red. za istoriju Črne Gore. p. 72. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
Дечански је успио да побјегне са мало људи у тврђаву Петрич, а Душан је добио у своје руке дворац, ризницу и
- ^ "Veliki i Mali Petrič". Serbian Academy of Science and Arts. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
Није познато у којем је од ова два града стари краљ био заробљен.
- ^ Fine, John V. A.; John Van Antwerp Fine (1994). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. University of Michigan Press. p. 273. ISBN 978-0-472-08260-5. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
He then set off in pursuit of his father, catching up with him at Petric. On 21 August 1331 Decanski surrendered to him.
- ^ Klaić, Vjekoslav (1903). Slike iz slavenske povjesti. Matica Hrvatska. p. 114. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
U vlasti Vukovoj bile su tada kosovske varoši Priština i Vučitrn, zatim gradovi Zvečan i Petrić (Petrč) kod Nerodimlja.
- ^ Лидов, Алексей (2007). Косово: Ортходокс херитаже анд контемпорары катастрофе. Индрик. p. 183. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
In the Ottoman defter of 1485 it is mentioned as the valley of Petric with 13 Serbian and one Albanian homestead.