Gotska Sandön (literally translated as "The Gotlandic Sand Island") is an uninhabited Swedish island north of Gotland in the Baltic Sea. It has been a national park since 1909.
| Gotska Sandön National Park Gutniska Sandåi Nationalpark (Gutnish) | |
|---|---|
| Gotska sandöns nationalpark | |
 The eastern coast, as seen from the lighthouse | |
   | |
| Location | Gotland County, Sweden |
| Nearest city | Fårösund, Gotland Municipality |
| Coordinates | 58°22′N 19°15′E / 58.367°N 19.250°E |
| Area | 44.9 km2 (17.3 sq mi)[1] |
| Established | 1909, extended in 1963 and 1988[1] |
| Governing body | Naturvårdsverket |
Geography
editGotska Sandön is situated 38 km (24 mi) north of Fårö in the Baltic Sea. Legally a part of Gotland province, it is approximately 9 km (5.6 mi) long and 6 km (3.7 mi) wide, with a total area of approximately 36 km2 (14 sq mi). The island is part of Fårö socken (not to be confused with parish).[2] It comprises the same area as the administrative Fårö District, established on 1 January 2016.[3]
On the northwest tip of the island is a church, Gotska Sandön Chapel.[4] As of 2019[update], Gotska Sandön Chapel along with Fårö Church belong to Fårö parish in Norra Gotlands pastorat.[5][6]
During the summer, there are regular boat tours from Fårö Island and Nynäshamn on the mainland.
Nature of Gotska Sandön
editThe island consists mostly of sand and is dominated by beaches, dunes and especially pine forests. Aside from a colony of grey seals, the higher fauna is not very rich. Terrestrial or aerial mammals include mountain hares and bats. However, the island is home to many rare insects and plants, including the Kashubian vetch and several species of orchid.
Climate
editDespite its isolation from sizeable landmasses, Gotska Sandön's oceanic climate is warm for its latitude. The Scandinavian Peninsula to the west, Gotland to the south and the Baltic landmass to the east contribute to warmer summers and frequent winter frost, giving the island a far broader temperature range than, for example, the similarly isolated Fair Isle, which lies one degree further north some distance off the coast of Scotland. In spite of this range, summer highs are cool by the standards of southern Sweden, and winter nights are among the mildest in the country.
Gotska Sandön has significant seasonal lag: despite dwindling daylight hours, August is much warmer than June, while March days are both longer and colder than those in December.
| Climate data for Gotska Sandön (2002–2018; extremes since 1901) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 8.6 (47.5) |
9.6 (49.3) |
13.8 (56.8) |
21.8 (71.2) |
27.0 (80.6) |
29.0 (84.2) |
31.6 (88.9) |
31.1 (88.0) |
27.0 (80.6) |
18.6 (65.5) |
11.9 (53.4) |
9.8 (49.6) |
31.6 (88.9) |
| Mean maximum °C (°F) | 5.4 (41.7) |
5.0 (41.0) |
8.3 (46.9) |
14.3 (57.7) |
20.5 (68.9) |
23.3 (73.9) |
26.6 (79.9) |
26.1 (79.0) |
20.9 (69.6) |
15.3 (59.5) |
10.1 (50.2) |
7.0 (44.6) |
27.5 (81.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.7 (35.1) |
1.4 (34.5) |
3.6 (38.5) |
8.1 (46.6) |
13.6 (56.5) |
18.1 (64.6) |
21.9 (71.4) |
21.4 (70.5) |
16.8 (62.2) |
10.6 (51.1) |
6.7 (44.1) |
3.8 (38.8) |
10.6 (51.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.3 (32.5) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
1.3 (34.3) |
4.9 (40.8) |
10.0 (50.0) |
14.4 (57.9) |
18.4 (65.1) |
18.1 (64.6) |
14.2 (57.6) |
8.7 (47.7) |
5.1 (41.2) |
2.3 (36.1) |
8.1 (46.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.2 (29.8) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
1.7 (35.1) |
6.3 (43.3) |
10.7 (51.3) |
14.8 (58.6) |
14.7 (58.5) |
11.5 (52.7) |
6.7 (44.1) |
3.5 (38.3) |
0.8 (33.4) |
5.6 (42.0) |
| Mean minimum °C (°F) | −7.7 (18.1) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
0.4 (32.7) |
5.5 (41.9) |
9.7 (49.5) |
9.4 (48.9) |
5.7 (42.3) |
0.5 (32.9) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
−9.9 (14.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −22.0 (−7.6) |
−25.0 (−13.0) |
−23.2 (−9.8) |
−16.0 (3.2) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
3.1 (37.6) |
3.1 (37.6) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−9.2 (15.4) |
−13.8 (7.2) |
−25.0 (−13.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 43.9 (1.73) |
35.4 (1.39) |
27.1 (1.07) |
24.0 (0.94) |
27.1 (1.07) |
43.0 (1.69) |
50.0 (1.97) |
62.5 (2.46) |
42.9 (1.69) |
51.6 (2.03) |
58.0 (2.28) |
50.9 (2.00) |
516.4 (20.32) |
| Source 1: SMHI Open Data[7] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: SMHI Monthly Data 2002–2018[8] | |||||||||||||
Gallery
edit-
A track through the sand dunes, popularly called "Schipka Pass" -
The north-eastern coast
References
edit- ^ a b "Gotska Sandön National Park". Naturvårdsverket. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 26 February 2009.
- ^ The exact extent of the socken, now district, can be obtained by clicking on Kartinställningar and check the Socken box in the menu of this map Archived 2018-08-30 at the Wayback Machine from the Swedish National Heritage Board database.
- ^ "Förordning om district" [Regulation of districts] (PDF). Ministry of Finance. 17 June 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
- ^ "Gotska sandöns kapell". www.guteinfo.com. Guteinfo. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
- ^ "Församlingar på Gotland". www.svenskakyrkan.se. Church of Sweden. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
- ^ "Visby stifts indelning 2018". www.svenskakyrkan.se. Church of Sweden. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
- ^ "SMHI öppen data för Gotska Sandön" (in Swedish). Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute.
- ^ "Monthly and Yearly Statistics" (in Swedish). Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. 1 July 2019. Archived from the original on 22 December 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
External links
edit
Media related to Gotska Sandön at Wikimedia Commons
- Sweden's National Parks: Gotska Sandön National Park from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
- Gotska Sandön (in Swedish)
- Gotska Sandön National Park (in Swedish)
- Gotska Sandön National Park (English)
- Birds on Gotska Sandön