Constituent departments of the State Council
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The constituent departments of the State Council (Chinese: 国务院组成部门; pinyin: Guówùyuàn Zǔchéng Bùmén; lit. 'State Affairs Court Constituent Department(s)') are the principal units of State Council of the People's Republic of China. Types of departments include ministries (部; bù), commissions (委员会; wěiyuánhuì), the People's Bank of China and the National Audit Office.
The current 14th State Council has 26 constituent departments, 21 ministries, three commissions, along with the People's Bank of China and the National Audit Office. It also has a General Office, one directly affiliated specialized institution, 14 directly affiliated institutions, one office, 7 directly affiliated public institutions, and 17 national bureaus managed by ministries and commissions of the State Council.[1][2][3][4]
Overview
editStructure
editEach department is headed by a minister, director, governor or auditor-general, who is responsible for the work of their department. Each department head is confirmed by the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee on the recommendation of the premier, and ceremonially appointed by the president afterwards.[5][non-primary source needed] According to the Organic Law of the State Council, the head presides over the executive meetings of the department, and "signs important requests for instructions and reports to be submitted to the State Council as well as the orders and directives to be issued". Each department additionally has two to four deputy heads (vice ministers, deputy directors, deputy governors and deputy auditors-general), assisting the department head. They are appointed or removed by the State Council.[6]
Generally, the authority of government departments is defined by regulations and rules rather than law.[7]: 28
Current departments
editThe 14th State Council has 26 constituent departments.[8][4][9]
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The Ministry of Education retains the external nameplate of the National Language Working Committee. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology retains the external nameplates of China National Space Administration and of China Atomic Energy Authority. The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security is supplemented with the nameplate of the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs. The Ministry of Natural Resources retains the external nameplate of the State Oceanic Administration. The Ministry of Ecology and Environment retains the external nameplate of the National Nuclear Safety Administration. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs is supplemented with the nameplate of the National Rural Revitalization Administration.[1]
Former departments
editMinistries
editCommissions
editDirectly Affiliated Specialized Institution
editAccording to the "Notice of the State Council on Institutional Establishment" issued by the State Council, there is one directly affiliated specialized institution (国务院直属特设机构).[1][2][4]
Directly Affiliated Institutions
editAccording to the "Notice of the State Council on Institutional Establishment" issued by the State Council, there are 14 directly affiliated institutions (国务院直属机构). The agencies are sorted in accordance with the official documents of the State Council.[1][2][4]
- General Administration of Customs
- State Administration for Market Regulation
- China Securities Regulatory Commission
- General Administration of Sport of China
- National Bureau of Statistics
- China International Development Cooperation Agency
- Counsellors' Office of the State Council
- State Taxation Administration
- National Administration of Financial Regulation
- National Radio and Television Administration
- National Public Complaints and Proposals Administration
- China National Intellectual Property Administration
- National Healthcare Security Administration
- National Government Offices Administration
The State Administration for Market Regulation retains the external nameplate of the State Anti-Monopoly Bureau, the National Certification and Accreditation Administration, and the National Standardization Administration. The National Press and Publication Administration (National Copyright Administration) is an external nameplate of the Central Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party. The State Administration for Religious Affairs is an external nameplate of the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.[1]
Office
editAccording to the "Notice of the State Council on Institutional Establishment" issued by the State Council, there is one Office (国务院办事机构), the State Council Research Office (国务院研究室).[1][2][4]
The Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council is an external nameplate of the United Front Work Department. The Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office of the State Council is the nameplate of the Hong Kong and Macau Work Office. The Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council and the Taiwan Affairs Office of the Central Committee of the CCP, the Cyberspace Administration of China and the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission are both one institution with two names, and are directly under the Central Committee of the CCP. The State Council Information Office is an external nameplate of the CCP Central Propaganda Department.[1]
Directly Affiliated Public Institutions
editThe State Council has 7 directly affiliated public instituions (国务院直属事业单位):[1][2][4]
- Xinhua News Agency
- Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
- State Council Development Research Center
- China Meteorological Administration
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Engineering
- China Central Radio and Television
The National School of Administration and the Central Party School are directly under the CCP Central Committee.[1]
National Bureaus
editThe ministries and commissions of the State Council manage 17 national bureaus:[1][3][4]
- National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration (managed by the National Development and Reform Commission)
- National Data Administration (managed by the National Development and Reform Commission)
- State Tobacco Monopoly Administration (managed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology)
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration (managed by the Ministry of Natural Resources)
- Civil Aviation Administration of China (managed by the Ministry of Transport)
- National Cultural Heritage Administration (managed by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism)
- National Administration of Disease Control and Prevention (managed by the National Health Commission)
- National Fire and Rescue Administration (managed by the Ministry of Emergency Management)
- National Medical Products Administration (managed by the State Administration for Market Regulation)
- National Energy Administration (managed by the National Development and Reform Commission)
- State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (managed by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology)
- National Immigration Administration (managed by the Ministry of Public Security)
- National Railway Administration (managed by the Ministry of Transport)
- State Post Bureau (managed by the Ministry of Transport)
- National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (managed by the National Health Commission)
- National Mine Safety Administration (managed by the Ministry of Emergency Management)
- State Administration of Foreign Exchange (managed by the People's Bank of China)
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "国务院组织机构 – 中国政府网 Organizational Structure of the State Council – China Government Web". 中华人民共和国中央人民政府 Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. Archived from the original on 2023-10-24. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
- ^ a b c d e 国务院 State Council. "国务院关于机构设置的通知 – 中国政府网 Notice of the State Council on Institutional Establishment – China Government Web". 中华人民共和国中央人民政府 Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
- ^ a b 国务院 State Council. "国务院关于部委管理的国家局设置的通知 – 中国政府网 Notice of the State Council on the establishment of national bureaus managed by ministries and commissions – China Government Web". 中华人民共和国中央人民政府 Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
- ^ a b c d e f g Wei, Changhao; Hu, Taige; Liao, Zewei (Whiskey) (2023-03-07). "A Guide to China's 2023 State Council Restructuring". NPC Observer. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
- ^ "Constitution of the People's Republic of China". National People's Congress. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
- ^ Wei, Changhao (2024-03-11). "NPC 2024: Annotated Translation of the Revised State Council Organic Law". NPC Observer. Retrieved 2024-04-15.
- ^ Lan, Xiaohuan (2024). How China Works: An Introduction to China's State-led Economic Development. Translated by Topp, Gary. Palgrave MacMillan. doi:10.1007/978-981-97-0080-6. ISBN 978-981-97-0079-0.
- ^ "China's new State Council: What analysts might have missed". Brookings. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
- ^ "The State Council of the People's Republic of China" (PDF). Freeman Chair in China Studies Center for Strategic and International Studies. Retrieved 2023-10-24.