Saint Petersburg is a federal subject of Russia.[1] The political life of Saint Petersburg is regulated by the city charter adopted by the city legislature in 1998.[2]
The superior executive body is the Saint Petersburg City Administration, led by the governor (mayor before 1996). Saint Petersburg has a unicameral legislature, the Saint Petersburg Legislative Assembly.
According to the federal law passed in 2004, heads of federal subjects, including the governor of Saint Petersburg, are nominated by the President of Russia and approved by local legislatures. If the legislature disapproves the nominee, it is dissolved. The former governor, Valentina Matviyenko was approved according to the new system in December 2006; she moved to another job in Moscow and was replaced on Georgy Poltavchenko in 2011. In 2012, following passage of a new federal law,[3] restoring direct elections of heads of federal subjects, the city charter was again amended to provide for direct elections of governor.[4]
Saint Petersburg city is currently divided into eighteen administrative divisions.
Saint Petersburg is also the administrative center of Leningrad Oblast, and of the Northwestern Federal District.[5]
Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast, despite being different federal subjects, share a number of departments of federal executive agencies, such as courts of arbitration, police, FSB bureaux, postal services, drug enforcement administration, penitentiary service, federal registration service, and other federal services.
Crime
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As in other large Russian cities, Saint Petersburg experiences fairly high levels of street crime and bribery. In addition, there has been a noticeable increase in racially motivated violence in recent years. On the other hand, unlike in Moscow, there have been no major terrorist attacks in St. Petersburg in recent years.[6] Between the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s, Saint Petersburg became home to a number of gangs, such as the Tambov Gang, Malyshev Gang, Kazan gang, and other ethnic criminal groups, who engaged in racketeering, extortion and often violent clashes with each other.[6]
After the sensational assassinations of City Property Committee Chairman Mikhail Manevich (1997), State Duma deputy Galina Starovoytova (1998), acting City Legislature Speaker Viktor Novosyolov (1999) and a number of prominent businesspeople, Saint Petersburg was dubbed capital of crime in the Russian press.[7][8]
References
edit- ^ The Constitution of the Russian federation
- ^ Russian source: Charter of St. Petersburg City
- ^ "Федеральный закон от 02.05.2012 N 40-ФЗ "О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об общих принципах организации законодательных (представительных) и исполнительных органов государственной власти субъектов Российской Федерации" и Федеральный закон "Об основных гарантиях избирательных прав и права на участие в референдуме граждан Российской Федерации"". garant.ru.
- ^ "Saint Petersburg law of 20.06.2012 № 339–59". Archived from the original on February 16, 2015. Retrieved December 23, 2017.
- ^ Official site of the Northwestern Federal District (Russian) Archived February 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Russia 2007 Crime & Safety Report: St. Petersburg Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Trumbull, Nathaniel S. (2003) The impacts of globalization on St. Petersburg: A secondary world city in from the cold? The Annals of Regional Science 37:533–546
- ^ Powell, Bill & Brian Whitmore. The Capital Of Crime.(St. Petersburg, Russia). Newsweek International, May 15, 2000.