Grójec [ˈɡrujɛt͡s] is a town in eastern Poland, located in the Masovian Voivodeship, about 40 kilometres (25 miles) south of Warsaw. It is the capital of the urban-rural administrative district Grójec and Grójec County. It has 16,674 inhabitants (2017).[1] Grójec surroundings are considered to be the biggest apple-growing area of Poland. It is said that the region makes up also for the biggest apple orchard of Europe. Statistically, every third apple sold in Poland is grown in Grójec – a unique local microclimate provides for their beautiful red colour.[2]
Grójec | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Historical architecture in the town centre | |
 Coat of arms | |
  Grójec | |
| Coordinates: 51°51′56″N 20°52′3″E / 51.86556°N 20.86750°E | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship | Masovian |
| County | Grójec |
| Gmina | Grójec |
| Established | 11th century |
| Town rights | 1419 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Dariusz Gwiazda |
| Area | |
• Total | 8.52 km2 (3.29 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 153 m (502 ft) |
| Population (2017) | |
• Total | 16,674 |
| • Density | 2,000/km2 (5,100/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 05-600 |
| Area code | +48 48 |
| Car plates | WGR |
| Highways |  |
| National roads |  |
| Voivodeship roads |   |
| Website | http://www.grojecmiasto.pl/ |
History
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1921 | 8,375 | — |
| 1931 | 9,518 | +13.6% |
| 2010 | 15,533 | +63.2% |
| Source: [3][4] | ||
In the 11th and 12th centuries, Grójec was the seat of a castellany, which was then moved to Czersk. It was granted town rights in 1419 by Duke Janusz I of Warsaw from the Piast dynasty.
World War II
editIn September 1939, during the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland which started World War II, the town was bombed by the Luftwaffe and afterwards captured by Germany. In November 1940, during the Nazi occupation of Poland, German authorities established a Jewish ghetto in Grójec,[5] in order to confine its Jewish population for the purpose of persecution and exploitation. The ghetto was liquidated in February 1941,[5] when almost all of its inhabitants (5,200–6,000) were transported on trains used for cattle to Warsaw Ghetto, the largest ghetto in all of Nazi occupied Europe with over 400,000 Jews crammed into an area of 1.3 square miles (3.4 km2). From there, most inmates were sent to Treblinka extermination camp.[6][7][8][9] Only a group of Jewish craftsmen was left in Grójec, however, they were also annihilated in a mass execution in Dębówka, near Góra Kalwaria. German occupation of Grójec ended in January 1945.
Nature
editForest Inspectorate Reserves
editThere are nine nature reserves in the Grójec Forest Inspectorate, whose total area exceeds 1 thousand hectares.
The following are forest reserves that cover a part of the forested area: Dąbrowa Radziejowska, a 52.50 hectare reserve in a large forest complex in the Radziejowice commune, was created in 1984 to preserve and protect luminous oak wood; Osuchowskie Grądy, a 99,25 hectare reserve was established in 1982 and is at the highest point of the Mazowiecka lowland; Skulski Las, a 311.75 hectare partial forest reserve established in 1984 and includes most of the Skuły Wschód range, situated in the Skuły-Wschód forestry unit; and Skulskie Oaks, a 30,07 hectare partial forest reserve of the area of established in 1996, covering the north-western part of the Skuły-Western range and belonging to the Grójec Forest Inspectorate.
The Łęgacz Nad Jeziorka 37.31 hectare reserve is situated by the Jeziorka River, several hundred meters to the north-west of Głuchów village. The protected area covers a fragment of the river valley and a riparian forest growing on its right bank and marshy bottom of the valley.
The Lakes of Olszyna nature reserve was established by the Ministry of the Environment on 25 January 1995. The forest reserve is in the southern part of the lake district on the Jeziorka River and has a total area is 5.83 hectares, including 4.99 hectares of forest.
The Modrzewina forest reserve was established in 1959 on the grounds of the village of Mała Wieś in the commune of Belsk Duży to protect the northernmost site of Polish larch in the Highland, which grow in this area to a height of 40 meters and up to 120 cm in circumference.
Tomczyce is a landscape reserve of 57.99 hectare, established in 1968, located between the villages of Gostomia and Tomczyce to the east of Nowe Miasto. The reserve protects the steep slope of the Pilica valley, cut by several ravines and overgrown by an old pine-oak forest. The valley slopes from a height of 20 meters to the river, which remains steep due to erosion of the riverbank, running along the foot of the slope and undercutting it periodically.
The Sokół forest reserve was established in 1995 in the commune of Wyśmierzyce to protect the area of forests, meadows and marshes and preserve the plant complexes with the dominant mountain ash for scientific and educational purposes.
Within the territorial range of Grójec Forest Inspectorate there are four Landscape Protection Areas along the picturesque and ecologically important river valleys, namely, the Jeziorka River Valley, Pilica and Drzewiczka River Valley; Bolimowsko Radziejowicki with the Central Rawka River Valley and the Chojnatka River Valley.
Sports
editThe local football team is Mazowsze Grójec. It competes in the lower leagues.
Notable people
edit- Piotr Skarga (1536–1612), Polish Jesuit, preacher, hagiographer and polemicist.[10]
- Asher Rabinowicz of Przedbórz (ca.1720–1798) an 18th-century Hasidic Maggid (preacher).
- Jan Jagmin-Sadowski (1895–1977), a general of the Polish Army
- Marek Suski (born 1958), a Polish politician
- Justyna Kozdryk (born 1980, a Polish Paralympic powerlifter
- Bartłomiej Niedziela (born 1985), a Polish footballer with over 250 club caps
International relations
editTwin towns – Sister cities
editGrójec is twinned with:
Spišská Nová Ves, Slovakia
Strumica, North Macedonia
Canosa di Puglia, Italy
Horki, Belarus
See also
editNotes and references
edit- ^ "Grójec (mazowieckie) » mapy, nieruchomości, GUS, noclegi, szkoły, atrakcje, kody pocztowe, bezrobocie, wynagrodzenie, zarobki, tabele, edukacja, przedszkola, demografia, zabytki". Polska w liczbach (in Polish). Retrieved 2018-08-17.
- ^ Michał Mackiewicz, "Okolice Grójca." Mazowiecki Urząd Wojewódzki w Warszawie. Archived 2013-05-22 at the Wayback Machine (in Polish)
- ^ Wiadomości Statystyczne Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego (in Polish). Vol. X. Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 1932. p. 194.
- ^ Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2010 r. (PDF) (in Polish). Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 2011. p. 73. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2011.
- ^ a b "Getto w Grójcu | Virtual Shtetl". sztetl.org.pl. Retrieved 2018-08-17.
- ^ Warsaw Ghetto, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM), Washington, D.C.
- ^ Richard C. Lukas, Out of the Inferno: Poles Remember the Holocaust, University Press of Kentucky 1989 - 201 pages. Page 13; also in Richard C. Lukas, The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles Under German Occupation, 1939-1944, University Press of Kentucky, 1986, Google Print, p.13.
- ^ Gunnar S. Paulsson, "The Rescue of Jews by Non-Jews in Nazi-Occupied Poland," Journal of Holocaust Education, Vol.7, Nos.1&2, 1998, pp.19-44. Published by Frank Cass, London.
- ^ Edward Victor, "Ghettos and Other Jewish Communities." Archived 2011-06-08 at the Wayback Machine Judaica Philatelic. Accessed June 20, 2011.
- ^ Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). p. 166.
- Grójec city government webpage
- Jewish Community in Grójec on Virtual Shtetl