Grand Duchy of Frankfurt

The Grand Duchy of Frankfurt was a German satellite state of Napoleonic creation. It came into existence in 1810 through the combination of the former territories of the Archbishopric of Mainz along with the Free City of Frankfurt itself.

Grand Duchy of Frankfurt Großherzogtum Frankfurt (German) Grand-duché de Francfort (French)
1810–1813
Flag Coat of arms
The Grand Duchy of Frankfurt (green) in 1812
Status	Client state of the French Empire
Capital	Aschaffenburg
Government	Absolute monarchy
Grand Duke
• 1810–1813	Karl von Dalberg
• 1813	Eugène de Beauharnais
Historical era	Napoleonic Wars
• Established	16 February 1810
• Disestablished	December 1813
Area
• Total	5,160 km2 (1,990 sq mi)
Population
•	302,000
Preceded by Succeeded by Free City of Frankfurt Principality of Aschaffenburg Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda Hesse-Hanau Wetzlar Free City of Frankfurt Kingdom of Bavaria Grand Duchy of Hesse Electorate of Hesse Kingdom of Prussia Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

History

Karl Theodor von Dalberg as Grand Duke of Frankfurt

Battle of the Frankfurt Bridge between Austrian/Bavarian and French troops, 1813

Frankfurt lost its status as a free imperial city in 1806 with the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. The city was granted to the former archbishop of Mainz, Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg, and became the Principality of Frankfurt. When Dalberg was forced by Napoleon to relinquish his Principality of Regensburg to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1810, his remaining territories of Aschaffenburg, Wetzlar, Fulda, Hanau, and Frankfurt were combined into the new Grand Duchy of Frankfurt.

Although the grand duchy was named after Frankfurt, the city was administered by French commissioners while Dalberg resided in the city of Aschaffenburg. According to the constitution of the grand duchy, upon Dalberg's death, the state would be inherited by Napoleon's stepson, Eugène de Beauharnais.

Dalberg abdicated in favour of Eugène on 26 October 1813, following Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Leipzig. The grand duchy ceased to exist after December 1813, when the city was occupied by allied troops. While Frankfurt itself once again became a free city, most of the territory of the grand duchy was ultimately annexed by the Kingdom of Bavaria.