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A Great Day in Harlem

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For the 1994 documentary with the same name, see A Great Day in Harlem (film).

A Great Day in Harlem or Harlem 1958 is a black-and-white photograph of 57 jazz musicians in Harlem, New York, taken by freelance photographer Art Kane for Esquire magazine on August 12, 1958.[1] The idea for the photo came from Esquire's art director, Robert Benton, rather than Kane.[2] However, after being given the commission, it seems the latter was responsible for choosing the location for the shoot.[3] The subjects are shown at 17 East 126th Street,[a] between Fifth and Madison Avenue, where police had temporarily blocked off traffic. Published as the centerfold of the January 1959 ("Golden Age of Jazz") issue of Esquire,[4] the image was captured with a Hasselblad camera, and earned Kane his first Art Directors Club of New York gold medal for photography.[3][5] It has been called "the most iconic photograph in jazz history".[6]

A Great Day in Harlem

The scene portrayed is something of an anachronism, as by 1957 Harlem was no longer the "hotbed" of jazz it had been in the 1940s, and had "forfeited its place in sun" to 52nd Street in Midtown Manhattan.[7] Many musicians who were formerly resident in the area had already moved to middle-class parts of New York, or did so shortly thereafter.[8] Kane himself was not that certain who would turn up on the day, as Esquire staff had merely issued a general invitation through the local musicians' union, recording studios, music writers, and nightclub owners.[9]

In 2018, a book was published to mark the 60th anniversary of the event, with forewords by Quincy Jones and Benny Golson,[b] and an introduction by Kane's son, Jonathan.[11]

Following the death of Benny Golson in September 2024, Sonny Rollins is the last living adult musician featured in the photograph.[12]

Musicians in the photograph

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Children in the picture

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Count Basie, having grown tired of standing, sat down on the curb, and gradually a dozen children followed.[14] Most of the children were neighborhood residents, although the second child from the right, Taft Jordan Jr., had accompanied his father, Taft Jordan, to the photo session.[14] The photography crew was already having trouble directing the adults, and the presence of the children added to the chaos: one of the children appearing in the window kept yelling at a sibling on the curb; another kept playing with Basie's hat; Taft Jordan Jr. had been scuffling with the older child seated to his left.[14] Ultimately, Art Kane realized that any further attempt to organize the proceedings would be futile, and he decided to incorporate the subjects' actions.[14]

Musicians not in the main photograph

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Notable absentees were Louis Armstrong, John Coltrane, and Miles Davis (all touring), Duke Ellington (in Milwaukee), Benny Goodman (in Los Angeles), and Ella Fitzgerald (recording in Chicago). Ruby Braff, Billie Holiday, "Philly" Joe Jones, Max Roach, and Ben Webster were also not present.[10]

Willie "The Lion" Smith had sat down to rest on a nearby stoop when the photo chosen for publication was taken, but appears in unused frames.[15][16]

Ronnie Free, Mose Allison and Charlie Rouse arrived too late to participate in the Esquire shoot, but they were photographed by Dizzy Gillespie alongside Mary Lou Williams, Lester Young and Oscar Pettiford.[17][18]

Film

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Jean Bach, a radio producer of New York, recounted the story behind the photograph in her 1994 documentary film, A Great Day in Harlem. This incorporated 8 mm film footage taken by bassist Milt Hinton on the day of the shoot.[2] The film was nominated in 1995 for an Academy Award for Documentary Feature. Bach described how, upon the film's release, a number of similar photographs employed the "A Great Day in..." theme.[19] Hugh Hefner assembled Hollywood-area musicians for "A Great Day in Hollywood" in conjunction with a sneak preview of A Great Day in Harlem.[19] Soon afterwards, "A Great Day in Philadelphia" included musicians such as Jimmy Heath, Benny Golson and Ray Bryant.[19] During the filming of Kansas City (1996), musicians including Jay McShann posed for "A Great Day in Kansas City".[19] A multi-page supplement in The Star-Ledger featured "A Great Day in Jersey", while a Dutch photograph was titled "A Great Day in Haarlem".[19] In 1998, "Great Day in St Paul" was taken by Byron Nelson.[20]

The trend spread to other styles of music, with Houston blues musicians posing for "A Great Day in Houston".[19] "A Great Day in Hip Hop" was followed by XXL's "The Greatest Day in Hip Hop".[19] An Atlanta radio station gathered musicians for "A Great Day in Doo-Wop".[19] A New York cellist, inspired by both the original photograph and the film, assembled chamber musicians for "A Great Day in New York".[19] The New York Post ran "A Great Day in Spanish Harlem".[19]

The photograph was a key plot point in Steven Spielberg's 2004 film The Terminal. The film starred Tom Hanks as Viktor Navorski, a character who comes to the United States in search of Benny Golson's autograph, with which he can complete his deceased father's collection of autographs from the musicians pictured in the photo. Golson himself made a cameo appearance in the film.[21][22][23]

Homages

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  • 1998: A Great Day in Hip Hop — for this photograph by Gordon Parks, commissioned by XXL magazine, 177 hip-hop artists gathered on the stoop of number 17 as well as those of the buildings on either side.[24][25]
  • 2004: A Great Day in London — in an initiative inspired by Art Kane's photograph, 50 writers of Caribbean, Asian and African descent making a significant contribution to contemporary British literature gathered to be photographed on the steps of the British Museum in London.[26][27]
  • 2005: A Great Day in Atlanta — Taken by Amanda Marsalis and commissioned by MTV, more than 50 members of Atlanta's hip hop scene gathered at the Jeremiah S. Gilbert House to recreate Art Kane's photograph.[28][29]
  • 2007: A Great Day on Eldridge St. — inspired by Kane's photograph, Yale Strom corralled a score of leading klezmer musicians who gathered on the steps of the Eldridge St. Synagogue to commemorate the 30 years of the klezmer revival.[30]
  • 2008: A Great Day in Paris — more than 50 musicians from the US who were then residing in Paris, France, took part in a historic photo session.[31] The project was initiated by Ricky Ford, who has said: "2008 was the 50th anniversary of the photo A Great Day in Harlem that Art Kane had taken in 1958 of all those jazz musicians in Harlem. I thought it would be a good idea to do the same thing with the American jazz musicians that lived in France. It took a year to prepare. Musicians from all over France came. Philippe Lévy-Stab took a group photo on the steps of Montmartre and Michka Saäl started to work on a documentary film of those musicians."[32]
  • 2008: A Great Day in Hoxton — a photograph by Peter Williams, commissioned by Straight No Chaser magazine and featuring prominent music business faces such as Gilles Peterson and James Lavelle alongside designers, fashion professionals, writers, dancers and fellow photographers.[33]
  • 2013: Een Grootse Dag in Kootwijk — in the spirit of XXL's picture A Great Day in Hip Hop, Ghamte Schmidt and Andreas van de Laar gathered the Dutch hip hop scene at the monumental Radio Kootwijk for a group portrait.
  • 2016: A Great Day in Hackney — in the spirit of Art Kane's photograph, British jazz musicians assembled to celebrate the 30th anniversary of The Premises Studios in Hackney.[34]
  • 2018: A Great Day in Hollywood — 47 black writers, showrunners, actors, and producers from more than 20 Netflix original shows, films and documentaries came together to create "A Great Day in Hollywood".[35] Taken to promote Netflix's Strong Black Lead initiative, Netflix also released a minute long video directed by Lacey Duke and narrated by Caleb McLaughlin (Stranger Things).[36]
  • 2021: A Great Day in Roxbury's Highland Park — Organized by Mark Schafer, Paige Cook, and JD Garcia, with support from the Unitarian Universalist Urban Ministry (UUUM), the Roxbury Historical Society, and Historic Boston, Inc., 77 elders of the historically Black neighborhood of Highland Park in Roxbury, Massachusetts gathered on the stairs of two local brownstone buildings on the morning of November 6, 2021, for a photo that was taken by Roxbury photographer Hakim Raquib. A half-hour documentary on the making of the "A Great Day in Roxbury's Highland Park" photograph, by Bithyah Israel and commissioned by the UUUM, was premiered at Paige Academy in Roxbury on November 13, 2022.
  • 2022: A Great Day in Animation — 54 Black animation professionals, taken by Randy Shropshire with Jeff Vespa as production lead. The idea for the photo came from Marlon West. [37]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Kane also used number 52 as a backdrop.[3]
  2. ^ By this point, Golson and Sonny Rollins were the only surviving participants (excluding children).[10]

References

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  1. ^ "Marian McPartland – A Great Day in Harlem". Clarehansson.com. Archived from the original on April 24, 2012. Retrieved April 12, 2012.
  2. ^ a b Levenson, Jeff (February 11, 1995). "Film Tells Story Behind Photo Of That 'Great Day In Harlem'" (PDF). Billboard. New York. p. 46. Retrieved January 4, 2022.
  3. ^ a b c Myers, Marc (November 2, 2018). "A Great Day in Harlem, Revisited". Wall Street Journal. New York. Retrieved December 30, 2022.
  4. ^ Kane, Art (January 1, 1959). "A Great Day in Harlem". Esquire. New York City. pp. 98–99. Retrieved December 1, 2023.
  5. ^ Poppy, John (1975). Art Kane, The Persuasive Image: How a Portraitist and Story Teller Illuminates Our Changing Culture. Masters of Contemporary Photography. Los Angeles: Alskog / Thomas Y. Crowell Company. pp. 40–41. ISBN 0690007841. OCLC 1150967383. Retrieved December 30, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
  6. ^ Scott, Ron (August 19, 2021). "Donald Harrison, Banana Pudding, Art Kane Place". New York Amsterdam News. Vol. 122, no. 33. p. 21.
  7. ^ Reich, Howard (May 7, 1995). "On the Count of Three, Say 'Jazz': One Day in Harlem in 1958, a Photographer and His Subjects Made Beautiful Music Together". Chicago Tribune. ProQuest 283968809. Retrieved January 10, 2023 – via ProQuest.
  8. ^ Gill, Jonathan (2011). Harlem: The Four Hundred Year History from Dutch Village to Capital of Black America. New York: Grove Press. p. 363. ISBN 9780802119100. OCLC 881685845. Retrieved December 30, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
  9. ^ Orgill, Roxane (2016). Jazz Day: The Making of a Famous Photograph. Somerville, MA: Candlewick Press. ISBN 9780763669546. OCLC 1302075202 – via Internet Archive.
  10. ^ a b John, McDonough (2018). "Herding Cats: Harlem 1958" (PDF). DownBeat. Vol. 85, no. 12. Elmhurst, IL: Maher Publications. p. 93. ISSN 0012-5768. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  11. ^ Art Kane. Harlem 1958: The 60th Anniversary Edition (Trade ed.). New York: Wall of Sound Editions. 2018. ISBN 9788894366624.
  12. ^ Alkyer, Frank (September 23, 2024). "In Memoriam: Benny Golson, 1929–2024". DownBeat. Retrieved September 23, 2024.
  13. ^ Allmusic Bill Crump biography
  14. ^ a b c d Bach, Jean (2005) [1994]. A Great Day in Harlem (DVD). Event occurs at 34:55.
  15. ^ @RollinsBridge (August 12, 2018). "A 58th musician not in the final photo, Willie 'The Lion' Smith (b. 1897), got tired of standing and left the group to sit on the stoop next door..." (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  16. ^ ""A Great Day in Harlem: The Story Behind the Iconic Jazz Photo". Witness History. June 13, 2023. BBC. BBC World Service. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  17. ^ "the latecomers". A Great Day in Harlem.
  18. ^ @RollinsBridge (August 12, 2018). "Three more musicians - Ronny Free, Mose Allison, and Charlie Rouse - arrived too late to get in the photo; Dizzy Gillespie later took a photo of the latecomers with Lester Young, Mary Lou Williams, and Oscar Pettiford..." (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Jean Bach, Susan Peehl, and Matthew Seig (2005) [1994]. "The Copycat Photos". A Great Day in Harlem (DVD). Image Entertainment.
  20. ^ Canter, Andrea, "Attention All Twin Cities Jazz Artists! “Great Day in St Paul” Photo Shoot May 22!", Jazz Police, May 9, 2016.
  21. ^ Bream, Joe (April 22, 2019). "At 90, jazz great Benny Golson returns to Minnesota: 'I feel maybe 45 or 50'". Star Tribune. Minneapolis. Retrieved December 30, 2022.
  22. ^ Lorne Graham, "A Great Day in Harlem/The Terminal", NEMC article.
  23. ^ "The Terminal - Jazz Scenes - Benny Golson and A Great Day in Harlem", YouTube
  24. ^ Michael A. Gonzales, "XXL's A Great Day in Hip Hop: 16 Years Later", Red Bull Music Academy Daily, September 29, 2014.
  25. ^ Sarah Goodyear, "Stoop Summit — How a Harlem brownstone was immortalized when the living legends of jazz assembled there for an iconic photograph" Archived August 12, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, New York Daily News, August 12, 2016.
  26. ^ Levy, Andrea (September 18, 2004). "Made in Britain: To celebrate the impact of their different perspectives, 50 writers of Caribbean, Asian and African descent gathered to be photographed. Andrea Levy reports on a great day for literature". The Guardian. London.
  27. ^ Le Gendre, Kevin (October 17, 2004). "A great day for a family get together". The Independent on Sunday. London. Archived from the original on June 17, 2018.
  28. ^ Reid, Shaheem (November 21, 2005). "A Great Day In Atlanta: T.I., Jeezy, Ludacris, Others Gather For Historic Shoot". MTV News. Archived from the original on June 20, 2024. Retrieved July 19, 2024.
  29. ^ "A Great Day in Atlanta" (2005) (Video). September 25, 2015. Retrieved July 19, 2024.
  30. ^ "Great Day on Eldridge Street" The Forward, 17 October 2007
  31. ^ "A Great Day in Paris - Trailer" on YouTube
  32. ^ Perez, Mathieu, "Ricky Ford: Five or Six Shades of Jazz" (interview), Jazz Hot #668, Summer 2014.
  33. ^ Rayner, Alex (March 14, 2018). "Gentrification's ground zero: the rise and fall of Hoxton Square". The Guardian. Retrieved May 17, 2023.
  34. ^ "NEWS: "Great Day in Hackney" Photo taken to celebrate 30 Years of Premises Studios" Archived July 17, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, London Jazz News, October 18, 2016.
  35. ^ Littleton, Cynthia (June 25, 2018). "Netflix Unveils 'Great Day in Hollywood' Image Spot Highlighting Black Creators". Variety.
  36. ^ "A Great Day in Hollywood | Netflix". YouTube. June 24, 2018.
  37. ^ "Nickelodeon Recreates Iconic ‘Great Day in Harlem’ Photograph With 54 Black Animation Professionals (EXCLUSIVE)"
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