Whole Azerbaijan

Whole Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Bütöv Azərbaycan) is an irredentist concept of uniting presumed historically Azerbaijani-inhabited territories into the Republic of Azerbaijan.

History

The idea of "Whole Azerbaijan" was formulated by Piruz Dilanchi in 1991^[2] and defined in 1992 by Azerbaijani president Abulfaz Elchibey (s. 1992-93). In 1991, Dilanchi founded the SANLM nationalist organization and in 1997 Elchibey founded the "Whole Azerbaijan Union" (Bütöv Azərbaycan Birliyi) organization.^[3]^[4] Elchibey published his book on the idea, Bütöv Azərbaycan yolunda, in Turkey in 1998. It claimed that the borders of Azerbaijan should extend from Derbent to the Persian Gulf.^[5]^{[dubious – discuss]} Elchibey claimed that this was a territory of Azerbaijani historical ethnic presence.^[6]^{[verification needed]} He proposed that Azerbaijan had right to rule it, under a proposed system of governance called "United Azerbaijani Lands" (Birləşmiş Azərbaycan Yurdları).^[5] After his death in 2002, it was published postmortem. He opposed the idea of a separate and independent South Azerbaijan.^[7]^{[dubious – discuss]}^{[verification needed]} Azerbaijani historiography portrays the early to mid 1800s as the "ideal" and "normative" situation with Azeri sovereignty over Karabakh and Southern Azerbaijan (Iran), despite that a "united Azerbaijan" was never, in fact, independent but always part of the Persian empires.^[8]

The concept of Whole Azerbaijan has been Azerbaijani state policy since the September 2022 Armenia–Azerbaijan clashes.^[9]

Political initiatives

The term Whole Azerbaijan continued in political initiatives including the SANLM (CAMAH)^[10] and Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front Party.^{[citation needed]}

Boundaries

Although the boundaries of Whole Azerbaijan are not strictly defined, some proponents portray them as encompassing the following areas:^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]

Iranian Azerbaijan / South Azerbaijan (Cənubi Azərbaycan) - provinces of East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Ardabil and Zanjan

Western Azerbaijan (Qərbi Azərbaycan) - all^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19] of the territory of Armenia

Derbent (Dərbənd) - Derbentsky district, Republic of Dagestan

Borchali (Borçalı) - part of the Kvemo Kartli province of Georgia

References

^ Broers, Laurence (2019). "Questionable Borders". Armenia and Azerbaijan: (Anatomy of a Rivalry). Edinburgh University Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-4744-5052-2.
^ "Sayfa Bulunamadı - Ankara Haber Son dakika - Ankara Haberleri Sondakika".
^ Keskin, Arif (February 6, 2003). "Güney Azerbaycan Milli Demokratik Hareketi Yol Ayrımında". TÜRKSAM (in Azerbaijani). Archived from the original on February 28, 2012.
^ "Program of South Azerbaijan National Liberation Movement". SANLM. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016.
^ ^a ^b Rehmoğlu, Arif. "Satranç Tahtasında Azerbaycan ve Farsistan". Avrasya Dosyası, Avrasya Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi. Ankara.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ "Böyük Azərbaycan tarixən şimalda Dərbənddən başlayıb, Həmədan mərkəz olmaqla Bəsrə körfəzinədək uzanırdı" Bütöv Azərbaycan yolunda, Əbülfəz Elchibey, Ecdad Yayınları, Ankara, 1998
^ Bütöv Azərbaycan Haqqında, Yeni Müsavat newspaper, Baku, 2002
^ Brown, Cameron S. (2004). "Wanting to Have Their Cake and Their Neighbor's Too: Azerbaijani Attitudes towards Karabakh and Iranian Azerbaijan". Middle East Journal. 58 (4): 576–596. ISSN 0026-3141.
^ Astourian 2023, p. 236.
^ "Məramnanmə – CAMAH".
^ Yoksa, Erhan (October 2020). "Ebulfez Elçibey'inAzerbaycan Özelinde Türk Dünyası Meselelerine Bakışı". Journal of Universal History Studies (in Turkish) (3): 216–237.
^ "Bütöv Azerbaycan!". www.cumhuriyet.com.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 2021-05-12.
^ Elchibey, Abulfaz (2004). Bütöv Azärbaycan yolunda. ISBN 9789952403435.
^ "Elçibey'in "Birleşmiş Azerbaycan" ideolojisi – KAFKASSAM – Kafkasya Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi". 5 May 2020. Retrieved 2021-05-12.
^ "Present-day Armenia located in ancient Azerbaijani lands - Ilham Aliyev". News.Az. October 16, 2010. Archived from the original on July 21, 2015. Retrieved November 1, 2010.
^ "Aliyev: "The great return begins"". commonspace.eu. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
^ "Azerbaijan seeks "Great Return" of refugees to Armenia | Eurasianet". eurasianet.org. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
^ "Azerbaijan seeks "Great Return" of refugees to Armenia | Eurasianet". eurasianet.org. Retrieved 2023-01-27.
^ "Ilham Aliyev viewed conditions created at administrative building of Western Azerbaijan Community » Official web-site of President of Azerbaijan Republic". president.az. Retrieved 2023-01-27.

Sources

Astourian, Stephan H. (2023). "Origins, Main Themes and Underlying Psychological Disposition of Azerbaijani Nationalism". In Dorfmann-Lazarev, Igor; Khatchadourian, Haroutioun (eds.). Monuments and Identities in the Caucasus Karabagh, Nakhichevan and Azerbaijan in Contemporary Geopolitical Conflict. Brill. pp. 206–236. ISBN 978-90-04-67738-8.

External links

"Diaspora agrees to reintegrate Iranian Azerbaijan in Republic of Azerbaijan". abc.az. August 30, 2012. Archived from the original on February 5, 2016.

[1] Broers, Laurence (2019). "Questionable Borders". Armenia and Azerbaijan: (Anatomy of a Rivalry). Edinburgh University Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-4744-5052-2.

[2] "Sayfa Bulunamadı - Ankara Haber Son dakika - Ankara Haberleri Sondakika".

[3] Keskin, Arif (February 6, 2003). "Güney Azerbaycan Milli Demokratik Hareketi Yol Ayrımında". TÜRKSAM (in Azerbaijani). Archived from the original on February 28, 2012.

[4] "Program of South Azerbaijan National Liberation Movement". SANLM. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016.

[asam.org.tr-5] Rehmoğlu, Arif. "Satranç Tahtasında Azerbaycan ve Farsistan". Avrasya Dosyası, Avrasya Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi. Ankara.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[6] "Böyük Azərbaycan tarixən şimalda Dərbənddən başlayıb, Həmədan mərkəz olmaqla Bəsrə körfəzinədək uzanırdı" Bütöv Azərbaycan yolunda, Əbülfəz Elchibey, Ecdad Yayınları, Ankara, 1998

[7] Bütöv Azərbaycan Haqqında, Yeni Müsavat newspaper, Baku, 2002

[8] Brown, Cameron S. (2004). "Wanting to Have Their Cake and Their Neighbor's Too: Azerbaijani Attitudes towards Karabakh and Iranian Azerbaijan". Middle East Journal. 58 (4): 576–596. ISSN 0026-3141.

[FOOTNOTEAstourian2023236-9] Astourian 2023, p. 236.

[10] "Məramnanmə – CAMAH".

[11] Yoksa, Erhan (October 2020). "Ebulfez Elçibey'inAzerbaycan Özelinde Türk Dünyası Meselelerine Bakışı". Journal of Universal History Studies (in Turkish) (3): 216–237.

[12] "Bütöv Azerbaycan!". www.cumhuriyet.com.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 2021-05-12.

[13] Elchibey, Abulfaz (2004). Bütöv Azärbaycan yolunda. ISBN 9789952403435.

[14] "Elçibey'in "Birleşmiş Azerbaycan" ideolojisi – KAFKASSAM – Kafkasya Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi". 5 May 2020. Retrieved 2021-05-12.

[15] "Present-day Armenia located in ancient Azerbaijani lands - Ilham Aliyev". News.Az. October 16, 2010. Archived from the original on July 21, 2015. Retrieved November 1, 2010.

[16] "Aliyev: "The great return begins"". commonspace.eu. Retrieved 2023-01-25.

[17] "Azerbaijan seeks "Great Return" of refugees to Armenia | Eurasianet". eurasianet.org. Retrieved 2023-01-25.

[18] "Azerbaijan seeks "Great Return" of refugees to Armenia | Eurasianet". eurasianet.org. Retrieved 2023-01-27.

[19] "Ilham Aliyev viewed conditions created at administrative building of Western Azerbaijan Community » Official web-site of President of Azerbaijan Republic". president.az. Retrieved 2023-01-27.

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