The Liverpool City Region is a combined authority area in North West England. It has six council areas: the five metropolitan boroughs of Merseyside (Liverpool, Knowsley, St Helens, Sefton, Wirral) and the unitary authority of Halton in Cheshire.[4] The region had a population of 1,571,045 in 2022.[5]
Liverpool City Region | |
---|---|
Combined authority area | |
![]() Liverpool City Region shown within England | |
Coordinates: 53°24′07″N 2°58′37″W / 53.402°N 2.977°W | |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Country | England |
Region | North West |
Ceremonial counties |
|
LEP established | 2010 |
CA established | 1 April 2014 |
Named for | Liverpool |
Administrative HQ | 1 Mann Island, Liverpool |
Districts | |
Government | |
• Type | Combined authority |
• Body | Liverpool City Region Combined Authority |
• Mayor | Steve Rotheram (L) |
Area | |
• Total | 349 sq mi (903 km2) |
• Land | 282 sq mi (731 km2) |
Population (2022)[3] | |
• Total | 1,571,045 |
• Rank | 5th |
• Density | 5,560/sq mi (2,148/km2) |
Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+1 (BST) |
Postcode areas | |
Dialling codes |
|
GSS code | E47000004 |
ITL code | TLD7 |
Website | liverpoolcityregion-ca |
The region's mayor and combined authority (LCRCA) have a devolution deal responsible for economic development, regeneration, transport, employment and skills, tourism, culture, housing, spatial planning and physical infrastructure.[6][7][8]
The region's economic development was supported by the Liverpool City Region Local Enterprise Partnership (LEP), established in 2010 as the private sector-led board comprising political and business leaders from around the city region.[9] The LEP's functions were merged into the combined authority in 2023.[10]
History
editIn 2004, the Government of the United Kingdom launched an initiative to strengthen the economy and quality of life in Northern England. Yorkshire Forward, One NorthEast, and the Northwest Regional Development Agency, the three regional development agencies in the North of England, were invited to form a partnership, and in September 2004, they published the document Moving Forward: The Northern Way First Growth Strategy Report.
Within the document, eight city regions in the North were identified, including the Liverpool city region. It was argued that economic growth could be accelerated with the establishment of new city region governance that surpassed existing administrative boundaries to more accurately reflect travel to work areas, catchment areas, housing market areas, and labour market areas.[11][12][13]
On 13 March 2007, local government minister Phil Woolas announced plans to create a cabinet government including the leaders of the following six councils: Halton, Knowsley, Liverpool, Sefton, St Helens and Wirral. This decision triggered devolution for what was termed the 'Liverpool City Region'.[14][15]
In January 2009, an agreement was made that the six local authorities would form the Liverpool City Region, in a Multi-Area Agreement (MAA). The agreement led to a transfer, from central government, greater responsibilities in more than ten areas covering employment, skills, transport, regeneration, housing and planning. Hazel Blears, the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government said: "Today's 'Liverpool city-region' Multi-Area Agreement will mean Merseyside's six councils will no longer have to work alone on their economy, they will work from the same blueprint with more devolved powers to deliver jobs, training, welfare support and economic resilience."[16][17]
A new crest and flag to represent the city region is to be revealed by late 2024, following the announcement that Merseytravel, the city region's transport authority, would be renamed Transport for Liverpool City Region.[18]
Definition
editThe combined authority of Liverpool City Region includes the local government districts of Liverpool, Halton, Knowsley, Sefton, St Helens and Wirral.
Some definitions of the city region include a much wider area. The now revoked North West of England Regional Spatial Strategy defined the city region for "the purposes of articulating RSS policy" as covering the six local authorities and extending "as far as Chester, Ellesmere Port and Neston and West Lancashire".[19]
A 2011 report, Liverpool City Region –– Building on its Strengths, by an independent working group led by Lord Heseltine and Terry Leahy, stated that "what is now called Liverpool City Region has a population of around 1.5 million", but also referred to "an urban region that spreads from Wrexham and Flintshire to Chester, Warrington, West Lancashire and across to Southport", with a population of 2.3 million.[20] The European Union's ESPON calculated the Liverpool metropolitan area to be over 2.2 million people.
The neighbouring local authorities of Warrington Borough Council and West Lancashire are associate members of the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority and thus co-operate (but do not vote) in the Liverpool city region meetings.[21]
Governance
editCombined authority
editBackground
editSince the abolition of Merseyside County Council, the councils have co-operated as permitted by the Local Government Act 1972 and required by the Local Government Act 1985, for example the Merseyside Waste Disposal Authority and the Merseyside Passenger Transport Authority. Liverpool City Region's proposal to central government for a combined authority was approved by Parliamentary statutory order in late March, and it legally came into existence from 1 April 2014. Liverpool City Region Combined Authority will become the top-tier administrative body of Liverpool City Region. It will be a body corporate responsible for strategic decision making. The six local authorities in the area constituting the combined authority will pool together powers over economic development, regeneration and transport policy. The combined authority originally comprised seven members: the council leaders of Halton, Knowsley, Sefton, St Helens and Wirral, the Mayor of Liverpool, a post replaced by Council Leader in 2023, and the chairperson, as the representative, of the local enterprise partnership.[22][23][24][25][26] The proposed authority was known as the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority up until submission to the Department for Communities and Local Government[27] and the Greater Merseyside Combined Authority in the published scheme. The consultation preceding the creation of the combined authority showed strong support for a name including 'Liverpool' rather than 'Merseyside', in order to capitalise and build upon Liverpool’s global ‘brand’.[28] The name was changed to the Halton, Knowsley, Liverpool, St Helens, Sefton and Wirral Combined Authority in the draft order presented to parliament.[29] On 21 February 2014 it was decided by the constituent councils that the authority will use the public name of Liverpool City Region Combined Authority.[30]
Current Combined Authority
editThe Liverpool City Region Combined Authority (LCRCA) is the main governing body for the Liverpool City Region, providing governance of the City Region using powers devolved from Central Government, the current Composition of the Combined Authority is:
Constituent Members (Voting):
- Mayor of the Liverpool City Region (Leader and Chair)
- Council Leaders of Halton, Sefton, Liverpool, St Helens, Wirral and Knowsley (Who Serve as members of the Mayors Cabinet, with one also serving as Deputy Mayor, at the Mayors discretion)
As well as these members there are non voting non constituent members, such as the Police and Crime Commissioner for Merseyside, the police force for the city region.
Mayor of the Liverpool City Region
editin 2016 the Cities and Local Government Devolution Act 2016 provided the provisions for Combined Authorities to establish elected "Mayors" to lead their respective regions combined authorities. the LCRCA decided on the creation of a Mayor for the City Region, replacing the need of a Chairperson who previously oversaw CA meetings. in 2017 the first Mayoral election took place in which Steve Rotheram was elected as the first Mayor. at the time the office was styled "Metro Mayor of the Liverpool City Region" to avoid confusion with the "Mayor of Liverpool" the then council leader of Liverpool City Council, which was abolished in 2023 and replaced by a Council Leader inline with other councils in the City Region. Presently the Office is now styled as Mayor of the Liverpool City Region.
The Mayor wields a number of powers devolved from central government and is seen as the chief representative of the city region in National and International affairs, and also serves as the Chairperson of the Combined Authority.
Local enterprise partnership
editThe Liverpool City Region Local Enterprise Partnership, which has now been absorbed by the LCRCA, was established in 2010 and was the local enterprise partnership (LEP) for Liverpool City Region.
The LEP initiated Mersey Waters Enterprise Zone, which was set up in 2012. The enterprise zone contains two sites, Liverpool Waters and Wirral Waters.[31]
in April 2023 the LEP announced that it would be integrated as a department of the Combined Authority as the Business and Enterprise Board of the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority.
Members of Parliament
editGeography
editThis section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (May 2023) |
Demography
editPopulation
editIn 2022 the region had a population of 1,571,045.[5]
District | Land area | Population | Density (/km2) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(km2) | (%) | People | (%) | ||
Halton | 79 | 11% | 128,964 | 8% | 1,631 |
Knowsley | 87 | 12% | 157,103 | 10% | 1,816 |
Liverpool | 112 | 15% | 496,770 | 32% | 4,442 |
St Helens | 136 | 19% | 184,728 | 12% | 1,355 |
Sefton | 157 | 21% | 281,027 | 18% | 1,795 |
Wirral | 161 | 22% | 322,453 | 21% | 2,004 |
Liverpool City Region | 731 | 100% | 1,571,045 | 100% | 2,148 |
Economy
editThe Liverpool City Region is strongly established as an important driving force in the economy of Northern England and as a strategic sea and air gateway to the European Union. It connects to North America, Ireland, the Isle of Man, Europe and beyond; serving international, national and regional markets, investors and visitors. In 2008–2010, Liverpool had the UK's fastest growing economy outside London, one of the UK's top three biomedical centres, and has the UK's second largest wealth management industry.[38][39]
The region is largely monocentric with Liverpool as the dominant employment centre, however economic activity is widely spread across the six districts. Broadly speaking Liverpool is the commercial, cultural and transport hub of the region, with Sefton as the base of Seaforth Dock and tourist resort of Southport, Halton as the location for chemical, science, technology, logistics and distribution companies, and Knowsley, St Helens and Wirral providing key manufacturing and logistics for the area. The city of Liverpool itself has a compact travel to work area reflecting its position on the North West Atlantic Seaboard and compactness of the surrounding urban area.[40][41]
The city region is traditionally seen as a service sector economy, with its so called knowledge economy providing one third of the local employment base and over 40% of its total economic value. According to statistics for 2008, the Life sciences sector accounts for almost 10% of the region's economy, over 71,000 people are employed in financial and professional services, over 34,000 in manufacturing, and almost 24,000 in the creative and digital industry.[42] The area is strongly connected to global markets, through its ports, airports and by its many multinational companies. World companies such as Barclays Wealth, Jaguar Land Rover, Maersk, Novartis, Sony and Unilever, all have a major base of operation in the locality.[43]
District | GVA (£ billions) | GVA per capita (£) | GDP (£ billions) | GDP per capita (£) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Halton | £4.0 | £31,390 | £4.5 | £34,985 |
Knowsley | £4.0 | £25,927 | £4.6 | £29,407 |
Liverpool | £14.3 | £29,489 | £15.9 | £32,841 |
St Helens | £2.8 | £15,448 | £3.4 | £18,803 |
Sefton | £4.6 | £16,275 | £5.4 | £19,418 |
Wirral | £5.6 | £17,527 | £6.6 | £20,688 |
Liverpool City Region | £35.3 | £22,778 | £40.5 | £26,086 |
Major projects in Liverpool city region
editSince its creation, the Liverpool city region authorities have overseen and invested in some of the UK's largest and most ambitious development and infrastructure schemes which include the following:
Ongoing schemes
edit- Liverpool Waters
- Wirral Waters
- Knowledge Quarter, Liverpool
- Sci-Tech Daresbury
- Transformation of North Liverpool
- Liverpool Shopping Park
- Biomass Power Stations along the River Mersey and Manchester Ship Canal
- Runcorn station quarter[46]
Completed schemes
edit- Mersey Gateway Bridge
- New Royal Liverpool University Hospital and Bio Campus
- Expansion of the Mersey Multimodal Gateway (3MG)
- Liverpool 2 Container Terminal[48]
- Gladstone Dock widening[49]
Future schemes
edit- New Liverpool Cruise Terminal
- Liverpool city centre commercial district expansion
- Round 2.5 and Round 3 Irish Sea offshore wind farms
- River Mersey tidal barrage[50]
- Littlewoods film & TV studios to become 'Holywood of the North'[51]
Abandoned or schemes of unknown status
edit- International Trade Centre, Wirral
- Environmental Technology Zone, Liverpool city centre
Transport
editThe Liverpool City Region has a transport network that is connected locally, nationally, and internationally by road, rail, sea and air.
Road and cycling
editThe region is served by a network of six motorways (M58 to the north, M56 to the south, M6 & M62 to the east and M53 to the west). In addition, the M57 acts as an outer ring road and bypass for the city of Liverpool itself. The area has relatively low road congestion and its central location makes it an efficient base from which to service the whole country.[53] Various parts of the region are separated by the River Mersey, and as a result, Wirral is connected to the centre of Liverpool via the Queensway Tunnel and Kingsway Tunnel, whereas Widnes and Runcorn are connected by the Silver Jubilee Bridge. A second six-lane toll bridge under the name Mersey Gateway, to relieve congestion on the ageing Silver Jubilee Bridge, opened in 2017. The bridge is designed to improve transport links between Widnes and Runcorn and other key locations in the vicinity.[54]
Major cycling routes on the National Cycle Network (such as National Cycle Route 56 and National Cycle Route 62) pass through the region too such as New Brighton and the Wirral Way. Major bus companies are Stagecoach Merseyside and Arriva North West. Liverpool One bus station serves as a terminus for national coach travel.
Rail
editLiverpool Lime Street, the region's main terminal train station, is served by five train operating companies serving a wide variety of destinations, and is used by 11.8 million passengers per year.[55] Improved rail connectivity, including upgrades to the West Coast Main Line and investment in high speed Pendolino trains, means journey time to London Euston is within two hours via Avanti West Coast.[56] East Midlands Railway serves Norwich, Manchester, Sheffield and Nottingham.[57] TransPennine Express operates daily services to Leeds, Middlesbrough, Hull, York, and Newcastle. Northern operates to Huddersfield, Preston, Warrington, and Blackpool, whilst direct links to Birmingham are possible via West Midlands Trains.[58][59]
The sub-regional rail network is operated by Merseytravel, the combined Passenger Transport Executive and integrated transport authority and public sector body responsible for the coordination of public transport across the Liverpool city region. Merseyrail is an urban rail operating almost 800 trains per day carrying over 100,000 passengers within the city region, on its network of 68 stations. The Merseyrail network includes five underground stations in Liverpool City Centre and Birkenhead centre.[60][61]
Commuter and regional railway lines
edit- Borderlands line connects Wirral to Wales.
- City Line (Merseytravel)
- Liverpool–Wigan line (and onward to Preston via the West Coast Main Line)
- Liverpool–Manchester lines (Middle and Southern Routes, including the branch to Warrington Bank Quay)
- Crewe–Liverpool line (and onward to Birmingham New Street via the West Coast Main Line)
Merseyrail commuter lines
editHigh speed rail
editThe UK government has insisted that the region will benefit from Britain's new high-speed rail network, due for completion by 2032, even though the new line will not extend into the region.[62] Journey times to London from Liverpool would be cut by 32 minutes under the proposals. Pressure is being put on the government to extend high speed rail into Liverpool's city centre.[63]
Maritime
editLiverpool Cruise Terminal provides long-distance passenger cruises, Fred. Olsen Cruise Lines MS Black Watch and Cruise & Maritime Voyages MS Magellan using the terminal to depart to Iceland, France, Spain and Norway. Leeds and Liverpool Canal and Manchester Ship Canal are the main canal systems.
Ferries
editPrince's Landing Stage, Pier Head, Liverpool serves Isle of Man Steam Packet Company summer service to the Isle of Man (and Mersey Ferries). Twelve Quays, Birkenhead ferry port serves winter Isle of Man ferry service and Stena Line to Belfast, Northern Ireland.
The Mersey Ferry has operated since the 1200s, currently between Wirral and Liverpool City Centre at Seacombe, Woodside and Liverpool Pier Head. From 2009–2010 it had 684,000 passengers using the service .[64]
Commercial
editThe Port of Liverpool handles most commercial shipping, but several other ports on the Wirral peninsula, such as Great Float and Queen Elizabeth II Dock, operate too.
The Port of Liverpool is container ports that handles over 33 million tonnes of freight cargo per year and serves more than 100 global destinations including Africa, Australia, China, India, the Middle East and South America. Imports include grain and animal feed , timber, steel, coal, cocoa, crude oil, edible oils and liquid chemicals; and exports of scrap metal for recycling.[65][66] A second container terminal, Liverpool2 at Seaforth, was designed to handle the largest Post-Panamax vessels and doubled the port's capacity when it opened in 2016.[67]
Almost three quarters of a million people[citation needed] travel on Irish Sea ferry services from Liverpool Docks and Birkenhead's Twelve Quays to Belfast, Dublin and the Isle of Man, and there is a growing number of cruise ships making day calls at the port.[68][69] A new terminal at Prince's Dock provides check-in, baggage drop and reclaim, as well as customs and border facilities for thousands of cruise liner passengers visiting the region, whilst Peel Ports have also planned a second cruise terminal as part of the Liverpool Waters project.[70][71]
Air
editGlobal air connectivity to and from the region is provided by two international airports: Liverpool John Lennon Airport (LJLA) is one of the oldest operational airports in the United Kingdom.[72] Manchester Airport is situated 29 miles from Liverpool city centre.[73]
Liverpool John Lennon Airport, situated 6.5 miles (10.5 km) south east of Liverpool city centre is a growing airport with annual passenger numbers approaching 5 million, making it one of the UK's busiest airports.[74]
Liverpool John Lennon Airport serves more than 60 direct routes which include most major European cities. This extends to over 150 destinations across five continents via a dedicated one-stop hub connection flight to Frankfurt Airport, courtesy of Lufthansa.[75] The airport is served by easyJet, Ryanair, Lufthansa, Jet2.com, Wizz Air, Play Airlines, Aer Lingus, Loganair and Widerøe.[76]
As part of LJLA's Master Plan, the airport is planning for substantial expansion between 2030 - 2050. This includes larger terminal buildings in order to handle extra passengers, extending the runway, targeting permanent direct long haul flights and creating new hotels, restaurants and commercial space.[77] The expansion plans have sparked concerns by local environmental campaign groups who suggest that expanded airport facilities will encroach on surrounding green space and agricultural land, especially at Oglet Shore. There are also concerns that growth in passenger numbers will have a negative effect on climate change. The airport has responded by saying it 'naturally recognises its wider environmental responsibilities' and has promised measures to protect the areas around the Oglet Shore, with proposals for a revitalised 50 hectare coastal reserve. The airport argues that it brings significant economic benefits to the city region by supporting its international visitor economy and providing jobs for local people. Airport bosses also plan to reach net carbon zero by 2040 through on site renewable energy generation.[78]
Television
editThe Liverpool City Region is covered by BBC North West and ITV Granada.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Your Metro Mayor". Liverpool City Region Combined Authority. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
- ^ "Standard Area Measurements for Administrative Areas (December 2023) in the UK". Open Geography Portal. Office for National Statistics. 31 May 2024. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
- ^ "Mid-Year Population Estimates, UK, June 2022". Office for National Statistics. 26 March 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
- ^ "Liverpool City Region explained and how it's different to Merseyside". Liverpool Echo. 28 December 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
- ^ a b "Combined Authority factsheet: Liverpool City Region". www.centreforcities.org. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
- ^ "Merseyside combined authority plans outlined". 2013. Retrieved 15 August 2013.
- ^ "Consultation starts on Liverpool Combined Authority". 2013. Retrieved 15 August 2013.
- ^ HM Treasury; Liverpool City Region. Liverpool City Region Devolution Deal Agreement (PDF).
- ^ "About the LEP: What we do - Vision / Priorities". 2010. Archived from the original on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
- ^ "Wanted – business leaders to shape economic future of the Liverpool City Region" (Press release). Liverpool City Region Combined Authority. 11 May 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
- ^ "Memorandum by The Northern Way (RG 39)". www.publications.parliament.uk. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ "Moving Forward: The Northern Way. First Growth Strategy Report" (PDF). www.democracy.durham.gov.uk. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ "Liverpool City Region Statement of Cooperation on Local Planning" (PDF). www.sthelens.gov.uk. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ Halton City Region Prospectus Archived 21 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Liverpool City Region Archived 12 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Government press release: New council partnership to get Merseyisde fit for upturn Archived 27 March 2009 at the UK Government Web Archive
- ^ Clay, Oliver, Halton to become part of Liverpool city region, Runcorn & Widnes Weekly News, archived from the original on 27 July 2011, retrieved 15 January 2009
- ^ "Merseytravel to become Transport for Liverpool City Region". BBC News. 19 July 2024. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ The North West of England Plan Regional Spatial Strategy to 2021, p.140 Archived 5 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Liverpool City Region - Building on its Strengths" (PDF). Retrieved 10 August 2016.
- ^ "Liverpool City Region Combined Authority". www.modgov.sefton.gov.uk. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
- ^ "Report recommends combined Merseyside local authority". 13 August 2013. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
- ^ "Halton in talks over forming combined Liverpool authority as 'metro mayor' idea falters with leaders". 4 July 2013. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
- ^ "Combined authority for Merseyside 'in six months'". Archived from the original on 17 August 2013. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
- ^ "Merseyside combined authority plans outlined". 12 August 2013. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
- ^ "Proposal to establish a combined authority for Greater Merseyside" (PDF). Department for Communities and Local Government. November 2013. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
- ^ "Liverpool City Region Review of Strategic Governance and Scheme for the Establishment of a Combined Authority" (PDF). Halton Borough Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 February 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
- ^ "Summary of responses to consultations on proposals to establish the Combined Authorities" (PDF). Department for Communities and Local Government. February 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
- ^ "The Halton, Knowsley, Liverpool, St Helens, Sefton and Wirral Combined Authority Order 2014 (Draft)" (PDF). Retrieved 10 August 2016.
- ^ "Establishment of a Combined Authority for the Liverpool City Region" (PDF). 21 February 2014. Retrieved 22 February 2014.
- ^ "Enterprise Zones drive forward UK industry with foreign investment". Click Liverpool. 28 November 2013. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
- ^ "Mid-Year Population Estimates, UK, June 2022". Office for National Statistics. 26 March 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
- ^ "Liverpool: Get in touch". www.investec.com. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- ^ "Offices: Liverpool". www.rathbones.com. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- ^ "Contact us". www.pershing.com. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- ^ "Serving global business better". www.investliverpool.com. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- ^ "There is no other place like Liverpool in the UK". www.thebusinessdesk.com. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- ^ "City Facts". 2008–2010. Archived from the original on 27 April 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ^ "Liverpool strong in wealth management". 29 March 2010. Archived from the original on 12 January 2011. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ^ "Response of Liverpool City Region to the Consultation on Local Enterprise Partnerships/Regional Growth Fund" (PDF). 30 July 2010. Retrieved 8 May 2012. [permanent dead link]
- ^ "City Relationships: Economic Linkages in Northern city regions/Liverpool City Region" (PDF). November 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 November 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ^ "GDC Labour Market Briefing Update" (PDF). 27 October 2011. Retrieved 8 May 2012. [permanent dead link]
- ^ "it's liverpool". Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ^ Fenton, Trevor (25 April 2023). "Regional gross domestic product: city regions". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
- ^ "City region leaders view progress at Bramley-Moore Dock stadium site". The Business Desk. 25 April 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
- ^ "Runcorn Station: Runcorn Station Quarter development links rail hub with regenerated town centre". Liverpool City Region Combined Authority.
- ^ "Introducing Liverpool2". Peel Ports Group. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
- ^ "Peel Ports completes £140m port expansion". LBN Daily. 8 February 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
- ^ "Work starts on £9m Gladstone Dock widening". thebusinessdesk.com.
- ^ "It's time for tidal…". Liverpool City Region Combined Authority.
- ^ "'Liverpool can be Hollywood of the north'". Liverpool Business News. 13 August 2023.
- ^ "What are the top 10 busiest UK train stations?". www.railboard.com. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- ^ "Green Investment Bank: The Liverpool City Region Self Assessment". 2011. Archived from the original on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
- ^ "Halton Council: Runcorn & Widnes Communications". Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
- ^ "Train stations in Britain listed and mapped: find out how busy each one is". The Guardian. London. 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
- ^ "visitliverpool.com: Liverpool by train". Retrieved 9 May 2012.
- ^ "Train services to & from Liverpool Lime Street". Retrieved 9 May 2012.
- ^ "railway-technology.com: Liverpool Lime Street Station, United Kingdom". Retrieved 9 May 2012.
- ^ "redspottedhanky.com: Stations Overview: Liverpool Lime Street". Archived from the original on 9 March 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
- ^ "Transport Committee: Written evidence from Merseytravel (CTR 09)". 31 October 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
- ^ "transportweb.com: Merseyrail Electrics". Archived from the original on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
- ^ "Liverpool will benefit from high-speed rail link, says Government". Retrieved 11 May 2013.
- ^ "News".
- ^ "Merseytravel: Annual Statistical Monitor 2009/10" (PDF). 2009–2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
- ^ "Peel Ports: Port of Liverpool". 2010. Archived from the original on 13 April 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
- ^ "Port of Liverpool Introduction". 2010. Archived from the original on 4 May 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
- ^ "Liverpool Port Terminal Work to Begin Next Year". 6 March 2012. Archived from the original on 26 May 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
- ^ "Direct Ferries Ltd: How To Get To Liverpool Ferry Port". Retrieved 9 May 2012.
- ^ "parliament.uk: Written evidence from Blundellsands Sailing Club (MCA 53)". February 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
- ^ "BBC Liverpool: Liverpool cruise liner terminal opening set for May". BBC News. 2 March 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
- ^ "Liverpool Confidential: Second Mersey cruise terminal planned". 30 January 2012. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
- ^ "LJLA celebrates its 85th Anniversary". www.liverpoolairport.com. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
- ^ "Trains from Manchester Airport to Liverpool Lime Street". www.thetrainline.com. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
- ^ "Liverpool John Lennon Airport looking for more airlines and new routes in 2023". www.liverpoolecho.co.uk. January 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
- ^ "Liverpool to the World". www.liverpoolairport.com. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
- ^ "Airlines". www.liverpoolairport.com. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
- ^ "Liverpool John Lennon Airport Strategic Vision to 2030 and Master Plan to 2050". www.liverpoolairport.com. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
- ^ "What comes next for Liverpool John Lennon Airport as expansion concerns mount". www.liverpoolecho.co.uk. 15 January 2022. Retrieved 22 August 2023.