Guamo (a.k.a. Wamo or Guamotey) is an extinct language of Venezuela. Kaufman (1990) finds a connection with the Chapacuran languages convincing.
| Guamo | |
|---|---|
| Guamotey | |
| Native to | southern Venezuela |
| Region | Apure, Barinas, Guárico, and Portuguesa |
| Extinct | (date missing) |
Guamo–Chapakuran?
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
qax San José dialect | |
qao Santa Rosa dialect | |
| Glottolog | guam1236 |
 | |
Varieties
editVarieties that may have been dialects or closely related languages:[1]
- Guamo of San José - on the Santo Domingo River, Zamora
- Dazaro - once spoken in Zamora on the Guanare River
- Guamontey - once spoken from the mouth of the Zárate River to the Apure River (unattested)
- Tayaga - once spoken between the Arauca River and Apure River, in Apure State (unattested)
- Atapaima - once spoken at the mouth of the Guanaparo River, Guárico State, Venezuela (unattested)
- Guárico - extinct principal language Guárico State, once spoken on the Guárico River, Portuguesa River, and Apure River (unattested)
- Guire - once spoken on the middle course of the Tiznados River, Orituco River, and Guaritico River, Guarico State (unattested)
- Payme - once spoken at the mouth of the Guárico River (unattested)
Dialect comparison
editLoukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for the Santa Rosa and San José dialects of Guamo.[1]
gloss Santa Rosa San José one tagstar tagstame two kete dikiampa three kurumktin kakute head putí puté eye tuxua tuagin tooth aufé ufé man daixu dauirko water kum kum fire kuxul sun tign matatin jaguar dion dion house danga danxa
1778 word list
editGuama is primarily attested in a word list from 1778. The list has been reproduced below, with the original Spanish orthography maintained for the Guama forms.[2]
| Spanish gloss (original) |
English gloss (translated) |
Guama (original orthography) |
|---|---|---|
| Dios | God | Aipit matá |
| padre | father | jauai |
| madre | mother | famú, jamo |
| hijo | son | clujuapi, tufé |
| hija | daughter | tuapi, tua |
| hermano | brother | dipiâ, dipe |
| hermana | sister | tipi, dipe |
| marido | husband | diquimi |
| mujer | woman | diquime, ticauca |
| doncella | young woman | ascu murestapane |
| mozo | young man | daicoraquâ, guaté |
| niño | child | chufi, choafi |
| hombre | man | daiju, dauirco |
| gente | people | aucherme, caserme |
| cabeza | head | putí, puté |
| cara | face | cutí, taquajo fin |
| nariz | nose | fin |
| narices | noses | auji fin |
| ojo | eye | tujua, tuaguin |
| cejas | eyebrows | chafuti, ascaro tuagun |
| pestañas | eyelashes | matatújua, dicho |
| oreja | ear | dupen |
| frente | forehead | tintecuti, titicunté |
| cabellos | hair | scará, ascaro |
| mejillas | cheeks | faquibtari |
| boca | mouth | matá |
| garganta | throat | pichê, dischufa |
| labios | lips | dufpâ, matá |
| dientes | teeth | aufê, ufé |
| lengua | tongue | dituâ |
| barba | beard | dischemata, dichimatá |
| cuello | neck | dischufa |
| hombro | shoulder | matachêa, ochepe |
| codo | elbow | dupeju, dicho |
| mano | hand | catâne |
| brazo | arm | chê, ochepe |
| dedos | fingers | diji, dujum |
| uñas | fingernails | casquiri, cascurum |
| pecho | chest | cupa |
| vientre | belly | dueju, cataju |
| espalda | back | matatiputi, gi |
| pie | foot | catafa |
| rodilla | knee | aquapec |
| corazón | heart | afquinantafa, tife |
| estómago | stomach | catafu |
| sangre | blood | jue, ducú |
| leche | milk | temontepaca, terau |
| piel | skin | dacaju, cauté |
| carne | meat | testu |
| hueso | bone | ditancu |
| oído | ear | quiepen, dupen |
| vista | sight | jateique, paiquac |
| ver | see | jasii, dicho |
| gusto | taste (sense of) | muquati, guacatá |
| olfato | smell (sense of) | suquagtiri, astiri |
| oler | smell (verb) | astiri, dicho |
| tacto | touch | shape |
| voz | voice | cadse, chefé |
| hablar | speak | texê |
| palabra | word | cuscaisi, mitejé |
| nombrar | to name | suquampeiste |
| gritar | shout | ducare, guacare |
| grito | scream | guacare |
| ruido | noise | esquiêjua, esquianju |
| aullido | howl | aitê, aucatacut |
| llorar | cry | ducatit, aitê |
| reír | laugh | michista, mutista |
| cantar | sing | chejê, tefé |
| estornudar | sneeze | sam, fam |
| temblar | tremble | najasta |
| suspirar | sigh | squanarcadjo |
| bostezar | yawn | chuataqua, suataco |
| silbar | whistle | tucquê, fue |
| echarse | lie (down) | asconjua |
| para (tú) | stop, stand (you) | fitinfin |
| ir | go | quantia, jera |
| ve (tú) | go (you) | jate |
| vete | go away | jeraui |
| dormir | sleep | cutum, ascutin |
| sueño | dream | cadpe, dicho |
| saltar | jump | scotara, auscharar |
| tener | have, possess | quimina, chape ascaya |
| correr | run | eirura, airura |
| bailar | to dance | charâ, chife catafá |
| mamar | suck | mon, ture nume |
| amor | love | muquali, pulgui pasca |
| tristeza | sadness | jarcadjo, quiapen sarui |
| dolor | pain | parqui, parguin |
| trabajo | work | turicha, fari |
| perezoso | lazy | sariqui, farui figuian |
| yo | I | napi, ascaté |
| tu | you (sg.) | najâ, ascai |
| aquel | that, it | dichêra, fillaji |
| nosotros | we | napüe, ascá causerme |
| vosotros | you (pl.) | napu |
| aquellos | those | dicatiarque |
| yo soy | I am | scate, napijaí |
| tú eres | you (sg.) are | jillague ystacut |
| él es | he is | nani, tiquiante |
| nosotros somos | we are | scate, napilla |
| vosotros sois | you (pl.) are | jiguian caser |
| aquellos son | those are | napáre yerque |
| fue | it was | daqua, dan |
| comer | eat | eiquia, tuan |
| yo como | I eat | eiquiari, diquia |
| tú comes | you eat | puiquiare, diguiacta |
| aquel come | it eats | sieradaturi |
| beber | drink | mirco, dicú |
| tomar | take, eat | llaju chape |
| sacudir (golpear) | shake, hit | pacta, aspantaca |
| llover | to rain | coioradauscha, dauscha |
| echar | throw | jareram, pataca |
| desgarrar | tear | escarsi, damafin miti |
| da (tú) | give (you) | da ticú |
| cortar | cut | cotia |
| ocultar | to hide | tetena, titascú |
| fuerza | strength | quiestaquiqui, cuvi |
| parir | give birth | chersta, ascheracta |
| familia | family | aucharme, aujui |
| matrimonio | marriage | spanso, dispansu |
| viuda | widow | arecu, ujiruri |
| vivir | live | jurin |
| vida | life | ascujirura |
| estatura | height | pumafi |
| alma | soul | catapiu |
| morir | die | tugri, jurirá |
| muerte | death | jurirá |
| viejo | old | vise, daurisi |
| joven | young | chusi, augua |
| dar | give | dá |
| grande | big | daijó |
| pequeño | small | guasta |
| alto | high | ascotin, pumafi |
| bajo | low | quiesascon, chijumata |
| frio | cold | tauchista |
| caliente | hot | cayua |
| sano | healthy | pulgui |
| bueno | good | purqui |
| malvado | evil | chafafiguia |
| capaz | able | murestafiguian |
| agudo | sharp | gomata |
| redondo | round | cheta |
| ligero | light (of weight) | aunquitera |
| pesado | heavy | quiestaman, maquiestaquê, cuerá |
| fuerte | strong | parguin |
| delgado | thin | quiestaquasta, gastaui |
| grueso | thick | quiestapi, aspije |
| ancho | width | piegta |
| presto | fast | squatira, ascate ará |
| blanco | white | cajirian, custára |
| negro | black | disiacú, disau |
| encarnado | red (deep) | aisio, daisui |
| verde | green | aufui, cupe |
| azul | blue | daupe |
| sol | sun | tign, matatin |
| luna | moon | pactes |
| estrella | star | tac |
| cielo | sky | tign, ducunti |
| niebla | fog | suapicia, faralla |
| nube | cloud | dauscha, sauxe dacuchanan |
| arco iris | rainbow | cascóron |
| rayo | lightning | paruaraucha |
| aire | air | tacsco |
| viento | wind | tascú, dicho |
| huracán | hurricane | tascú |
| vapor | steam, vapor | caguatansi |
| rocío | dew | taguetascanjua |
| trueno | thunder | daucha, paro adaucha |
| relámpago | lightning | aysi ura tigua |
| frio | cold | tauchista |
| helada | frost | dicho |
| hielo | ice | dicho |
| fuego | fire | cujue |
| lumbre | firelight | tia |
| sombra | shadow | chuanta |
| sombrío | shady | chontá, dicho |
| día | day | garu, jaro |
| noche | night | chona, chiuna |
| mañana | morning | sajaru, fajaro |
| tarde | afternoon | chuna |
| verano | summer | dacá |
| hibierno | winter | daucha |
| semana | week | misa |
| año | year | nujua |
| tiempo | time | nujua |
| tierra | earth | taumchê, tansie |
| agua | water | cum |
| mar | sea | duque, ricum |
| río | river | duque, duaguix |
| lago | lake | jum |
| olas | waves | dichotá, dischuta |
| islas | islands | cutiduque, matafi |
| arena | sand | agspi, ispú |
| polvo | powder | ducug, ducumtanesi |
| cieno | silt | farotansi |
| montaña | mountain | discu, piriscu |
| profundidad | depth | pefu |
| altura | height | coti |
| anchura | width | pix |
| agujero | hole | si, fitintansi |
| cueva | cave | sin |
| piedra | stone | canjiú, dacanjue |
| plata | silver | tugti, tiné |
| cobre | copper | taupé |
| hierro | iron | chaparari, chutatueno |
| estaño | tin | catarafú |
| plomo | lead | dicho |
| sal | salt | tig |
| cal | lime | teutate canjui |
| veneno | poison | discú, taxtú |
| yerba | grass | scanjua, ascanjue |
| árbol | tree | disycu, discu |
| leña | firewood | discuy, matariscu |
| palo (raíz) | stick (root) | discú, dicha cataruscu |
| tronco | trunk | pichericu |
| corteza | bark | cajuriscú |
| rama | branch | aspejan |
| hoja | leaf | estejan, tercundiscun |
| flor | flower | quamastastajan |
| fruta | fruit | jejan, chara |
| semilla | seed | simijan, chifitaum |
| cebolla | onion | dauscu, chapachin |
| campo | field | maq, pixmatá |
| sembrar | to plant, sow | tajon, taum |
| pescado | fish | dacuay, dupaque |
| cangrejo | crab | chause |
| serpiente | snake | chuen |
| rana | frog | jupi, pupi |
| gusano | worm | duestu, duxtú |
| mosca | fly (insect) | timi |
| mosquito | mosquito | dacoiomta, turive |
| hormiga | ant | tuse, dacantu |
| araña | spider | caipa, callaapa |
| abeja | bee | pane |
| miel | honey | pane, cuncatapane |
| buey | ox | guei, pacá |
| vaca | cow | paca, dicho |
| ternera | veal | tuajan, tuate paca |
| cuerno | horn | aucaju, guacao |
| caballo | horse | cama |
| asno | donkey | mura |
| cerdo | pork | puiti |
| perro | dog | gaurig, jaure |
| gato | cat | michi |
| león | lion | asturi dacamtue, dion |
| oso | bear | jarcuri |
| lobo | wolf | catapenx |
| zorra | fox | dacob, ducu |
| liebre | hare | catapeux |
| ratón | rat | sá, fá |
| gallina | hen | quacarpa, carpa |
| gallo | rooster | quacarpa, dauircucarpa |
| pato | duck | pes, aspejú |
| pichón | dove | cuipu, taguantá capú |
| águila | eagle | taquipe ausqueri |
| pájaro | bird | camquie, camuguir |
| golondrina | swallow | tacatirjue |
| pluma | feather | quiastaján |
| huevo | egg | tinue |
| nido | nest | tajú, tajuer |
| pastor | shepherd | acagta, axfanta paca |
| casa | house | danga, danxa |
| choza | hut | taquatan daxjá |
| tienda | shop | matafué |
| puerta | door | matafué, mataranja |
| ciudad | city | dino, chufae |
| medida | measurement | spetajan |
| escribir | write | chuanejo, dichuane catani |
| cuchillo | knife | choy, chu |
| mesa | table | mesa |
| banco | bank | scanajuc, chiscú |
| navío | ship | cao |
| vestido | dress (clothing) | spaqui |
| media | socks | scanaquisi, ascanoguafi |
| zapato | shoe | chicatasi, ascanomatafi |
| gorro | hat | ascanotefi |
| faja | belt | squiesco |
| seda | silk | amdari |
| algodón | cotton | tamdari, andare |
| comida | food | datuam |
| crudo | raw | daisio |
| cocer | to cook | quinejua, esquino |
| vino | wine | cumg catatesaqua |
| manteca | butter | augstari, ustari |
| pan | bread | pan |
| dinero | money | daugquin, tif |
| ladrón | thief | gitascu, titascu |
| guardia | guard | dajacasta |
| guerra | war | duematú |
| soldado | soldier | dapacaute, fundá |
| lanza | spear | taumtariscu, jujon |
| señor | sir | guei, guai |
| rey | king | rei |
| si | yes | aja, cumista |
| no | no | ugi, guasi |
| cerca | near | tista, ascocam, tistá |
| lejos | far | gitára, titate |
| aquí | here | nam |
| allá | there | tigua, ticoa |
| hoy | today | garucan |
| como | how | mi cugte |
| qué | what | micú |
| quien | who | virgquian |
| con quien | with whom | dapurasquaña |
| bajo | low | danjuana, pefu |
| número | number | quete |
| uno | one | tagstar, tagstame |
| dos | two | quete, diquiampa |
| tres | three | curumqutin, cacute |
| cuatro | four | sidasquin, fixguante |
| cinco | five | tamanane |
| mil | thousand | taugui |
| mañana | tomorrow | sagarû |
| ayer | yesterday | garusue |
References
edit- ^ a b Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
- ^ Anonymous. 1928 [1778]. Traduccion de algunas voces de la lengua Guama. In Lenguas de América, 382-393. Madrid.
Bibliography
edit
Wiktionary has a word list at Appendix:Guamo word list
- Kaufman, Terrence (1990). "Language History in South America: What we know and how to know more". In David L. Payne (ed.). Amazonian Linguistics. Austin: University of Texas Press.