Kleinhovia is a monotypic genus of plants in the cotton, hibiscus and cacao family Malvaceae. The sole species in the genus is Kleinhovia hospita, commonly known as guest tree, an evergreen tree native to Indonesia, Malaysia and other parts of tropical Asia and the Pacific.
| Kleinhovia | |
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| Foliage and fruit in Kolkata, West Bengal, India | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Malvaceae |
| Subfamily: | Byttnerioideae |
| Tribe: | Byttnerieae |
| Genus: | Kleinhovia L.[3] |
| Species: | K. hospita
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| Binomial name | |
| Kleinhovia hospita | |
| Synonyms | |
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See text | |
Description
editThis section may be too technical for most readers to understand. (April 2024) |
This section needs additional citations for verification. (April 2024) |
Kleinhovia hospita is an evergreen, bushy tree growing up to 20 m (66 ft) high, with a dense rounded crown and upright pink sprays of flowers and fruits. Leaves are simple and alternate; stipules are ensiform to linear, about 8 mm (0.31 in) long; petioles are up to 30 cm (12 in) long; the leaf-blade is ovate to heart-shaped, glabrous on both sides, with the apex pointed. Secondary veins occur in 6–8 pairs, palmately nerved.
The flowers of K. hospita are terminal, in loose panicles protruding from the crown; flowers are about 5 mm (0.20 in) wide, coloured pale pink; pedicels are up to 10 mm (0.39 in) long; bracteoles are lanceolate, to 4 mm (0.16 in) long, pubescent; gynandrophores are about 6 mm (0.24 in) long and pubescent; there are 5 sepals, linear lanceolate, about 7 mm (0.28 in) long, pink, tomentose; 5 petals, inconspicuous, the upper one being yellow; 15 stamens, monadelphous, up to 15 mm (0.59 in) long, staminal tube broadly campanulate, adanate to gynandrophore, 5-lobed, each lobe having 3 anthers and alternating with staminodes; the anthers are sessile and extrorse; pistil occur with a 5-celled, pilose ovary, one style and a capitate, with a 5-lobed stigma. K. hospita flowers throughout the year.
Fruit production starts early, often in the third year after planting. The fruit of K. hospita are rounded, 5-lobed, thin-walled, membranous capsules, 2.5 cm (0.98 in) in diameter, loculicidally dehiscent, each locule having 1–2 seeds. The seeds are globose, whitish, warty and exalbuminous.[4] The fruits are more conspicuous than the flowers because of their abundance and size.
Range
editKleinhovia's range includes Bangladesh, Christmas Island, Peninsular Malaysia, Vietnam, Hainan, Taiwan, the Ryukyu Islands, Caroline Islands, Lesser Sunda Islands, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga, Samoan Islands, and Society Islands.[2]
It has been introduced to the Comoro Islands, Pakistan, Puerto Rico, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Windward Islands.[2]
Uses
editKleinhovia hospita is used as a traditional medicine in parts of Peninsular Malaysia, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea to treat scabies.[citation needed] The bark and leaves used as hairwash for lice, while the juice of the leaves are used as an eyewash.[citation needed] Young leaves are eaten as a vegetable. Bast fibres are used for making ropes used for tying or for tethering livestock.[5]
The wood of K. hospita shows a pinkish buff and is moderately fine in texture, soft, light, easy to season, work and finish. Its energy value is about 19000 kJ/kg. The leaves and bark contain cyanogenic compounds that are assumed to help to kill ectoparasites such as lice. Extracts of the leaves have shown anti-tumour activity against sarcoma in mice. A number of fatty acids with a cyclopropenylic ring (scopoletin, kaempferol, and quercetin) have been isolated from the leaves.[6]
Kleinhovia hospita is used for ornamental purposes: the attractiveness of the pink panicles accounts for its spread as an ornamental.
The tree bark of Kleinhovia hospita has a good potential as a reinforcement for Fiber Reinforced Composite because of its high mechanical strength.[7]
Gallery
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Mature tree -
Foliage -
Colour plate by Francisco Manuel Blanco -
Budding inflorescence -
Close up of flowers -
Pollen grains -
Flowers and fruit
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References
edit- ^ Liu, B., Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. (2019). "Kleinhovia hospita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T147651836A147651838. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T147651836A147651838.en. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c "Kleinhovia hospita L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
- ^ "Kleinhovia L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
- ^ Lattiff, pp 166–167
- ^ Stuart, Godofredo. "Tan-ag, Kleinhovia hospita Linn., GUEST TREE". Stuart Exchange. G. Stuart. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ Latiff, A. (1997). Faridah Hanum, I.; van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.). Plant Resources of South-East Asia. Vol. 11. Bogor, Indonesia: PROSEA Foundation. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
- ^ Gapsari, Femiana; Purnowidodo, Anindito; Hidayatullah, Syarif; Suteja, Suteja (10 June 2021). "Characterization of Timoho Fiber as a reinforcement in green composite". Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 13: 1305–1315. doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.05.049. S2CID 236312528.
External links
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- View images of this species on Flickriver.com
- View observations of this species on iNaturalist