Wikipedia

Jeong Seon

(Redirected from Gyeomjae)
In this Korean name, the family name is Jeong.

Jeong Seon (Korean: 정선; 1676 – 20 April 1759)[1] was a Korean landscape painter, also known by the art names Gyeomjae and Nangok. His ja was Wonbaek. His works include ink and oriental water paintings, such as Inwangjesaekdo (1751), Geumgang jeondo (1734), and Ingokjeongsa (1742), as well as numerous "true-view" landscape paintings on the subject of Korea and the history of its culture. He is counted among the most famous Korean painters.[2] The landscape paintings that he produced reflect most of the geographical features of Korea.[3] His style is realistic rather than abstract.[4]

Jeong Seon
정선
Detail from Taking a rest after reading books by Jeong Seon, believed to be a self-portrait of the painter.
Born(1676-02-16)16 February 1676
(modern-day) Cheongun-dong, Jongno District, Seoul, Korea
Died20 April 1759(1759-04-20) (aged 83)
(modern-day) Cheongun-dong, Jongno District, Seoul, Korea
Known forPainting, drawing
Notable workInwangjesaekdo
Geumgang jeondo
Movementtrue-view painting
Jeong Seon
Hangul
정선
Hanja
鄭敾
Revised RomanizationJeong Seon
McCune–ReischauerChŏng Sŏn
Art name
Hangul
겸재 or 난곡
Hanja
謙齋 or 蘭谷
Revised RomanizationGyeomjae or Nangok
McCune–ReischauerKyŏmjae or Nan'gok
Courtesy name
Hangul
원백
Hanja
元伯
Revised RomanizationWonbaek
McCune–ReischauerWŏnbaek

Biography

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Jeong was born on 16 February 1676, in the Jongno District of Seoul, in the Cheongun-dong neighborhood.[5][6] He was the eldest son of Jeong Si-ik (1638–1689), the descendant of an illustrious and gentry family[7] that originally came from Gwangju. Soon in infancy, he was noted for his artistic talents and is said to have painted daily, with a prolific output until old age. But his family was so poor that he couldn't become a scholar-painter[8] (a yangban painting for leisure). Nevertheless, he was introduced in a circle of powerful neighbors and was, on their recommendation, allowed to work for the Dohwaseo (Joseon Bureau of Paintings) and also created landscapes for patrons and clients.[8]

In his 36th year (1711), he toured Mt. Geumgang with Pak Tae-yu (1648–1746), the local governor, and produced the 13-paintings Album Pungak Mountain, Sin-myo Year. The next year, another trip to Mt. Geumgang produced the 30 paintings Album Realistic Representations of Sea and Mountains. Both albums were augmented by various poems written by Jeong Seon's protectors.[9] His self-chosen pen name Gyeomjae (i.e. "humble study") was reflecting this asymmetrical relationship.[1]

In 1716, in his 41st year, he was granted a tenure of Geomgyosu (兼敎授; professor extraordinary) at Gwansanggam (觀象監; the Office for Observance of Natural Phenomena).[10] This was taking into account the fact that Jeong Seon was from beginning proficient at Book of Changes(周易) and Astronomy.[10] But this gave him further impetus... and an official position. He served as district magistrate of Hayang (1721–1726), of Cheongha (c. 1733), and of Yangcheon (1740–1745).[11] Later in life, he was honored by King Yeongjo, who bestowed on him the official title of the fourth rank in 1754 and the second rank in 1756.

Significance

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Jeong is one of the most famous Korean painters.[2] He inspired other Korean artists to follow suit, leaving a lasting impact on Korean art. He was the most eminent painter in the late Joseon period. Jeong explored the scenic beauty of the capital city of Hanyang (Seoul), the Han River, the Sea of Japan, and the Diamond Mountain. He is the first painter of true-view Korean landscapes. Differing from earlier techniques and traditional Chinese styles, he created a new style of painting depicting the virtues of Korea.[12]

By the end of the decade, Jeong had developed his own, more realistic style, likely under the influence of the [Silhak] movement. This set him apart from the then-prevailing Chinese literati tradition of idealised and abstract landscape art.[13] His grandson, Jeong Hwang (鄭榥, 1737–?), displayed the true-view landscape style in addition to genre painting.[14]

Style

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Jeong was one of the few known Korean painters to depart from traditional Chinese styles. It is reported that he frequently left his studio and painted the world around him, as he could see it. His paintings are classified as part of the Southern School, but he developed his own style by realistically portraying natural scenes such as mountains and streams with bold strokes of his brush.[4]

A major characteristic of his work is intermixed dark and light areas, created by layers of ink wash and lines. His mountains are punctuated by forests, which in turn are lightened by mists and waterfalls. Vegetation is made from dots, a technique that bears the influence of Chinese painter Mi Fei (1052–1107). Jeong's style would influence generations of Korean artists, and become one of the iconic images of Korean nationalism.[13]

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# Title Hangul Year Technique & size HxL Location Illustration
1. Inwangjesaekdo 인왕제색도 1751 ink-and-oil painting
79.2 cm × 138.2 cm		 Leeum, Samsung Museum of Art  
2. Geumgang jeondo
Spring View of Mt. Diamond		 금강전도 1734 Ink and oriental water color on paper
130.7 cm × 94.1 cm		 Ho-Am Art Museum
 
3. Geumgang jeondo
Complete View		 금강전도 1750s color on silk
33.3 x 54.6 cm		 Order of St. Benedict
Waegwan Abbey
 
4. Pungaknaesan chongramdo
Autumn View of Mt. Diamond		 풍악내산총람도
楓岳內山摠覽圖		 1740s color on silk
100.8×73.8 cm		 Gansong Art Museum
 
5. Ingok Yugeo
Jeon Seon's secluded house below Mt. Inwang		 인곡유거도
仁谷幽居圖 		1742 ink and slight color on paper
27.5 x 27.3 cm		 Gansong Art Museum
 
6. Soyojeong 소요정
逍遙亭		 18th century Ink and oriental water color on silk
130.7 cm × 94.1 cm		 Private collection
 
7. Cheongpunggye 청풍계
淸風溪		 18th century Ink and oriental water color on silk
96.5 x 36.1 cm		 Museum of Korea University
 
8. Bakyeon Fall 박연폭포
朴淵瀑布		 18th century Ink and oriental water color on paper
119.4×51.9 cm		 Private collection
 
9. Gwangjin 광진
廣津		 18th century Ink and oriental water color on silk
20 x 31.5 cm		 Gansong Art Museum
 
10. Jaha-dong
a village in Jongno District		 자하동
紫霞洞		 18th century Ink and oriental water color on paper
33.7 x 29.5 cm		 Gansong Art Museum
 
11. Gaehwasa Temple 개화사
 18th century Ink and oriental water color on paper
31 x 24.8 cm		 Gansong Art Museum
 
12. Dongjakjin 동작진
銅雀津		 18th century Ink and oriental water color on paper
18.5 x L=27.5  cm		 Private collection
 
13. Gwiraejeong 귀래정
歸來亭		 18th century Ink and oriental water color on paper
23 x 25 cm		 Private collection
 
14. Isujeong 이수정
二水亭		 18th century Ink and oriental water color on silk
23 x 25 cm		 Private collection
 
15. Dosan Seowon 도산서원도
 18th century Private collection  
16. Jukseoru 죽서루
 1738 Ink and oriental water color on paper
32.3 x 57.8 cm		 Gansong Art Museum
 
17. Changuimun 창의문
彰義門		 18th century Ink and oriental water color on paper
29.5 x 33.2 cm		 National Museum of Korea
 
18. Ingokjeongsa 인곡정사
仁谷精舍		 1742 Ink and oriental water color on paper
22.5 x 32.5 cm		 Private collection
 
19. Mangyangjeong 망양정
 18th century Ink and oriental water color on paper
32.3 x 57.8 cm		 Gansong Art Museum
 
20. Chuil hanmyo
가을날 한가로운 고양이
Leisurely cat on a fall day		 추일한묘
秋日閑猫		 18th century
 
21. Yuksangmyodo 육상묘도
 1739 Ink and oriental water color on silk
146.5 x 63 cm		 Private collection
 
22. Seonyubong 선유봉
仙遊峰		 1740s
cm		 collection
 
23. Soakru
a pavilion below Mt. Seongsan		 소악루
小岳樓		 tint on paper
cm		 Gansong Art Museum
 
24. Pungak Mountain, Sin-myo Year
Album on tour with Pak Tae-yu (1648–1746)
辛卯年楓岳圖帖		 1711
25. Realistic Representations of Sea and Mountains (no longer extant)[9]
1712
26. Nosong Yeongji 노송영지
老松靈芝		 1755

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Kim Kumja-paik 1992.
  2. ^ a b the MET 2004.
  3. ^ ASEF/Gyeomjae Museum.
  4. ^ a b Chung Ah-young 2009.
  5. ^ Ahn Hwi-Joon 2005.
  6. ^ Jeong Seon's Museum.
  7. ^ Gang Gwansik 2006, p. 193.
  8. ^ a b Ahn Hwi-Joon 2012.
  9. ^ a b Yi Song-mi 1999, p. 346.
  10. ^ a b Gang Gwansik 2006.
  11. ^ Yi Song-mi 1999, p. 464, n52.
  12. ^ Kim Jin-gyeong 2013.
  13. ^ a b Pratt 2013, p. 58.
  14. ^ KAA 2009, p. 36.

Sources

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English sources

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  1. Museum 겸재정선 소개 [Introduction of Gyeomjae Jeong Seon]. Jeong Seon's Museum. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  2. the MET Lee Soyoung. Based on original work by Ahn Hwi-Joon (October 2004). "Mountain and Water: Korean Landscape Painting, 1400–1800". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. the MET.
  3. MET. Yi Song-mi (1998). "Artistic Tradition and the Depiction of Reality: True-View Landscape Painting of the Joseon Dynasty". In Judith G. Smith (ed.). Arts_of_Korea. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. pp. 330–365 and 464–466. ISBN 9780300085785.
    catalog of the June 5, 1998—Jan. 24, 1999 exhibition. (fully available online as PDF).
  4. KAA "Korean Genre Painting" (PDF). The International Journal of Korean Art and Archaeology. 3. National Museum of Korea. 2009. ISSN 2005-1115. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-12-13. Archived 2014-12-13 at the Wayback Machine original seems dead
  5. Chung Ah-young (15 September 2009). "Jeong Seon's Paintings Brought to Life". The Korea Times. Archived from the original on 22 December 2014. Retrieved 2021-03-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) Original is largely quicker.
  6. Pratt, Keith; Rutt, Richard (16 December 2013). Korea: A Historical and Cultural Dictionary. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-79393-6.
  7. Kim Kumja-paik (1992). "Chŏng Sŏn (1676–1759): His Life and Career". Artibus Asiae. 52 (3/4): 329–343. doi:10.2307/3249894. JSTOR 3249894.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) Jstor subscription
  8. "Gyeomjae Jeong Seon Memorial Museum, Korea". Asia–Europe Foundation. Retrieved 22 December 2014.

linked to dbpia

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  1. 안휘준 (Ahn Hwi-Joon) (June 2005). "謙齋 鄭敾(1676 -1759)의 瀟湘八景圖" [Jeong Seon's Paintings of "The Eight Views of the Xiao and Xiang Rivers"]. Art History Forum. 20: 7–48. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
  2. 안휘준 (Ahn Hwi-Joon) (June 2012). "겸재 정선(1676~1759)과 그의 진경산수화, 어떻게 볼 것인가" [A New Understanding of Jeong Seon (1676~1759) and his True-View Landscape Painting]. The Korean Historical Review. 214: 1–30. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
  3. 강관식 (Gang Gwansik) (December 2006). "謙齋 鄭敾의 天文學 兼敎授 出仕와 <金剛全圖>의 天文易學的 解釋" [A Study on the duties of Gyeomje Jeong Seon (謙齋 鄭敾, 1676–1759) as extraordinary Professor in Astronomy and the Interpretation of the <General View of Geumgang Mountain 金剛全圖> from the Viewpoint of the Science of Astronomy-Divination(天文易學)]. 미술사학, Misulsahakbo, Reviews on Art History. 27: 137–194. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
  4. 김진경 (Kim Jin-gyeong) (April 2013). 겸재 진경산수화에 나타난 남·북종 화법융합의 독창성 연구 [North-South Convergency and originality on interpretation of the GyeomJae True-View Landscape Painting]. Yang-Ming Studies (34): 257–290. doi:10.17088/tksyms.2013..34.010. Retrieved 17 November 2014.


Further reading

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  • Joon-young Yu (1976). Chong Son (1676–1759), ein koreanischer Landschaftsmaler aus der Yi-Dynastie (in German). Routledge. ISBN 9781136793936. OCLC 604629349.
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