The Systellommatophora (synonym Gymnomorpha) is a clade of primitive, air-breathing slugs, according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).[1]
| Systellommatophora | |
|---|---|
| |
| Land slug Laevicaulis alte (Veronicelloidea) | |
| |
| Sea slug Onchidella sp. (Onchidioidea) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Superorder: | Eupulmonata |
| Order: | Systellommatophora |
| Families | |
|
See text | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Gymnomorpha | |
They are marine and terrestrial pulmonate gastropods within the Heterobranchia. There are two superfamilies in this clade. Slugs in the superfamily Onchidioidea are primarily marine (except for five land-dwelling or freshwater species),[2] whereas slugs in the superfamily Veronicelloidea are primarily terrestrial.
Anatomy
editNo species in this clade have shells as adults.[2][3] These slugs are distinguished by the location of the anus at the rear of the body.[4]
Although neither superfamily bears shells as adults,[3] the Onchidioidea do possess a vestigial, non-mineralized shell sac[5] and possess a larval shell.[6] It is not known whether or not the veronicellids bear a larval shell.[7]
Taxonomy
editAccording to the previous taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Ponder & Lindberg, 1997) Systellommatophora was considered to be a suborder or an order.[8]
The following two superfamilies and families have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):
- superfamily Onchidioidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Onchidiidae Rafinesque, 1815
- Superfamily Veronicelloidea Gray, 1840
- Veronicellidae Gray, 1840
- Rathouisiidae Heude, 1885
References
edit- ^ MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Stylommatophora. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=447 on 2020-05-02
- ^ a b Dayrat B. (2009). "Review of the current knowledge of the systematics of Onchidiidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata) with a checklist of nominal species" (preview). Zootaxa. 2068: 1–26. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2068.1.1.
- ^ a b Schilthuizen M.; Thome J. W. (2008). "Valiguna flava (Heynemann, 1885) from Indonesia and Malaysia: Redescription and Comparison with Valiguna siamensis (Martens, 1867) (Gastropoda: Soleolifera: Veronicellidae)". Veliger. 50 (3): 163–170.
- ^ Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 377. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
- ^ TILLIER, S (1983). "A new mountain Platevindex from Philippine Islands (Pulmonata: Onchidiidae)". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 49 (supp12A). Malacological Soc London: 198.
- ^ Morton, Brian (1992). The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China III___ Fouling and pollution, morphology, behaviour and physiology, Hoi Ha Wan. Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 978-962-209-295-2.
- ^ Dayrat, B.; Tillier, S. (2002). "Evolutionary relationships of euthyneuran gastropods (Mollusca): a cladistic re-evaluation of morphological characters". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 135 (4): 403. doi:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00018.x.
- ^ "Systellommatophora". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.