Hyaluronan synthase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HAS1 gene.[5][6]

HAS1
Identifiers
AliasesHAS1, HAS, hyaluronan synthase 1
External IDsOMIM: 601463; MGI: 106590; HomoloGene: 1165; GeneCards: HAS1; OMA:HAS1 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001297436
NM_001523

NM_008215

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001284365
NP_001514

NP_032241

Location (UCSC)Chr 19: 51.71 – 51.72 MbChr 17: 18.06 – 18.08 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Structure

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Hyaluronan or hyaluronic acid (HA) is a high molecular weight unbranched polysaccharide synthesized by a wide variety of organisms from bacteria to mammals, and is a constituent of the extracellular matrix. It consists of alternating glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine residues that are linked by beta-1-3 and beta-1-4 glycosidic bonds. HA is synthesized by membrane-bound synthase at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, and the chains are extruded via ABC-transporter into the extracellular space.[7]

Function

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It serves a variety of functions, including space filling, lubrication of joints, and provision of a matrix through which cells can migrate. HA is actively produced during wound healing and tissue repair to provide a framework for ingrowth of blood vessels and fibroblasts. Changes in the serum concentration of HA are associated with inflammatory and degenerative arthropathies such as rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, the interaction of HA with the leukocyte receptor CD44 is important in tissue-specific homing by leukocytes, and overexpression of HA receptors has been correlated with tumor metastasis. HAS1 is a member of the newly identified vertebrate gene family encoding putative hyaluronan synthases, and its amino acid sequence shows significant homology to the hasA gene product of Streptococcus pyogenes, a glycosaminoglycan synthetase (DG42) from Xenopus laevis, and a recently described murine hyaluronan synthase.[6]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000105509Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000003665Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Spicer AP, Seldin MF, Olsen AS, Brown N, Wells DE, Doggett NA, Itano N, Kimata K, Inazawa J, McDonald JA (Jul 1997). "Chromosomal localization of the human and mouse hyaluronan synthase genes". Genomics. 41 (3): 493–7. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4696. PMID 9169154.
  6. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: HAS1 hyaluronan synthase 1".
  7. ^ Schulz T, Schumacher U, Prehm P (July 2007). "Hyaluronan export by the ABC transporter MRP5 and its modulation by intracellular cGMP". J. Biol. Chem. 282 (29): 20999–1004. doi:10.1074/jbc.M700915200. PMID 17540771.

Further reading

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