Wikipedia

HD 271182

HD 271182, occasionally referred to as G266 and R92, is a rare yellow hypergiant (YHG) and an Alpha Cygni variable. It is one of the brightest stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC),[10] positioned in the deep southern constellation of Dorado. Gaia DR2 parallax measurements indicate that it is located around 200,000 light-years (61,000 parsecs) away, though this value is extremely uncertain. Despite this vast distance from Earth, the star is observable through a small telescope due to its immense luminosity, at an apparent magnitude of 9.6. It is receding away from the Sun at a heliocentric radial velocity of +311.9185 km/s,[7] confirming its membership in the LMC.[11]

HD 271182
Location of HD 271182 (circled)
Observation data
Epoch J2000[1]      Equinox J2000[1]
Constellation Dorado
Right ascension 05h 21m 01.71073s
Declination −65° 48′ 02.4207″
Apparent magnitude (V) 9.620[2]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage Yellow hypergiant[3]
Spectral type F8 0[4]
B−V color index 0.74[2]
J−H color index 0.159[5]
J−K color index 0.259[5]
Variable type Alpha Cygni variable[6]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)311.9185[7] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: 1.582[1] mas/yr
Dec.: 0.382[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)0.0157 ± 0.0265 mas[8]
Absolute magnitude (MV)−9.4[a]
Details[3]
Mass20–30 M☉
Radius622[b] R☉
Luminosity450,000 L☉
Temperature6,000 K
Other designations
CD−65°320, CPD−65°457, Gaia DR3 4660601611448785152, HD 271182, HIP 24988, PPM 354712, TIC 149102791, TYC 8890-934-1, GSC 08890-00934, 2MASS J05210170-6548026[9]
Database references
SIMBADdata

Physical properties

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The star is extremely luminous, radiating 450,000 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere. It shines at an effective temperature of approximately 6,000 K (10,340 °F), slightly hotter than the Sun, giving it a yellowish-white hue.[3] Given the temperature and luminosity, its radius can be calculated at around 622 R☉. An evolutionary mass of ~30 M☉ from the measured nitrogen-carbon ratio.[6] Glatzel & Kraus (2024) present an initial mass of 32–40 M☉ and a current mass of 20–30 M☉.[3]

Spectra and abundances

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As early as 1960, the star's spectral type was classified as F8Ia, corresponding to a yellow-white "super-supergiant" (a hypergiant in modern terms). The star has weaker hydrogen spectral lines than a normal F8Ia star, which implies a later type, but all the other lines point towards an earlier type between F5Ia and F8Ia. Compared to Delta Canis Majoris, another F8Ia star, it shows a weaker line of neutral iron (Fe I) at 4118.5 Å.[10] The Ca II H and K emission profile closely resembles that of the galactic YHGs Rho Cassiopeiae and V382 Carinae. This indicates similar behavior in their outer atmospheres, such as non-radiative chromospheric heating, mass loss and stellar winds in the order of 1×10−6 M☉/yr.[12]

HD 271182 shows no signs of excess infrared emission caused by circumstellar dust. Emission seen in the hydrogen-alpha absorption lines of its Echelle spectra are thought to be caused by atmospheric activity.[13]

The star has a low metallicity of [Fe/H]=−0.50 dex,[14] meaning it only has 10−0.50≈32% the Sun's iron content, which is lower than the LMC average for young stars at around 50%.[15] It is also depleted in carbon and oxygen, but very enhanced in nitrogen ([N/Fe]=1.53 dex).[14]

Variability

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A light curve for HD 271182, plotted from ASAS data.[16]

In 1983, Olin J. Eggen reported that HD 271182 was a pseudo-Cepheid variable,[17] a supergiant in the Hertzsprung gap with less periodic light variations than true Cepheids.[18] This star in particular showed an amplitude of 0.25 mag in the V band. Similarities were noted between it and two other pseudo-Cepheids, namely R Puppis and HD 269879.[17] Grieve et al. confirmed this in 1985, and a period of roughly 250 days was determined. They referred to this type of star, which they classified as a high-luminosity long-period Cepheid, as a Leavitt variable in homage to Henrietta Swan Leavitt, who first discovered the period-luminosity relations in Cepheids and pseudo-Cepheids back in 1907.[11]

In 1989, van Genderen & Hadiyanto claimed that the variations were not of a Cepheid nature due to the highly unstable light curves, and that the star was an Alpha Cygni variable instead.[4] This classification has been upheld by later studies. One of which, van Leeuwen et al. (1998), provided a period of 260 days (0.71 years) and stated that there may be another oscillation with a significantly longer period.[19] Light curves provided by Kourniotis et al. (2022)[20] show a pulsation period of 833 days (2.28 years).[3]

Between December 2016 and August 2017, the effective temperature was observed to have risen from 6100±50 K to 6500±100 K, mirroring the strong pulsations.[20]

The star is not known to exhibit fast yellow pulsating supergiant (FYPS) characteristics.[13]

2008 outburst

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Kourniotis et al. discovered that the star underwent an outburst in late 2008. This was less energetic than the ones seen in Rho Cassiopeiae in 2000 and 2013, but nevertheless caused a 0.4-magnitude dip in brightness followed by a period of substantial brightening, and possibly resulted in mass ejection. Much like Rho Cassiopeiae's 2000 outburst, it may have been caused by the collapse of the deep photosphere. They conclude that the star is a post-red supergiant and a "modest" Rho Cassiopeiae analog.[20]

Notes

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  1. ^ Calculated from luminosity of 450,000 L☉.[3]
  2. ^ Calculated from effective temperature and luminosity, provided by Glatzel & Kraus (2024).[3]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  2. ^ a b Høg, E.; et al. (February 2000). "The Tycho-2 Catalogue of the 2.5 Million Brightest Stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 355 (1): L27–L30. Bibcode:2000A&A...355L..27H.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Glatzel, Wolfgang; Kraus, Michaela (23 March 2024). "Instabilities in the yellow hypergiant domain". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 529 (4): 4947–4957. arXiv:2403.14315. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae861. ISSN 0035-8711.
  4. ^ a b van Genderen, A. M.; Hadiyanto Nitihardjo, G. (September 1989). "Light variations of massive stars (alpha Cygni variables). X. The F type supergiants G 266 = HDE 271182 = R 92 and G 322 = HDE 269612 in the LMC". Astronomy & Astrophysics Supplement Series. 79: 401-406. Bibcode:1989A&AS...79..401V.
  5. ^ a b Cutri, Roc M.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; et al. (2003). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2246: II/246. Bibcode:2003yCat.2246....0C.
  6. ^ a b Georgy, Cyril; Saio, Hideyuki; Meynet, Georges (2021). "Blue supergiants as tests for stellar physics". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 650: A128. arXiv:2104.06278. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202040105. ISSN 0004-6361.
  7. ^ a b Abdurro’uf; Accetta, Katherine; Aerts, Conny; et al. (1 April 2022). "The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar, and APOGEE-2 Data". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 259 (2): 35. arXiv:2112.02026. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac4414. ISSN 0067-0049.
  8. ^ Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
  9. ^ "HD 271182". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  10. ^ a b Feast, M. W.; Thackeray, A. D.; Wesselink, A. J. (1 October 1960). "The Brightest Stars in the Magellanic Clouds". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 121 (4): 337–385. doi:10.1093/mnras/121.4.337. ISSN 0035-8711.
  11. ^ a b Grieve, G. R.; Madore, B. F.; Welch, D. L. (1985). "Leavitt variables - Bright variable supergiants and their implications for the distance scale". The Astrophysical Journal. 294: 513. doi:10.1086/163318. ISSN 0004-637X.
  12. ^ Hagen, W.; Humphreys, R. M.; Stencel, R. E. (1981). "High-dispersion spectroscopy of the most luminous F- and G-type supergiants in the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Milky Way". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 93: 567. doi:10.1086/130889. ISSN 0004-6280.
  13. ^ a b Humphreys, Roberta M.; Jones, Terry J.; Martin, John C. (1 August 2023). "Yellow Supergiants and Post-red Supergiant Evolution in the Large Magellanic Cloud". The Astronomical Journal. 166 (2): 50. arXiv:2306.07336. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acdd6c. ISSN 0004-6256.
  14. ^ a b Hill, V.; Barbuy, B.; Spite, M. (July 1997). "Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and lithium abundances of six cool supergiants in the SMC". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 323: 461–468. Bibcode:1997A&A...323..461H.
  15. ^ Wood, P. R.; Habing, H. J.; McGregor, P. J. (August 1998). "Infrared monitoring of OH/IR stars near the Galactic Center". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 336: 925–941. Bibcode:1998A&A...336..925W.
  16. ^ "ASAS All Star Catalogue". The All Sky Automated Survey. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  17. ^ a b Eggen, O. J. (1983). "Pseudocepheids. II - Two variables in the Large Magellanic Cloud". The Astronomical Journal. 88: 1458. doi:10.1086/113434.
  18. ^ Eggen, O. J. (1983). "Pseudocepheids. I - R Puppis, HR 4441, HR 4511, and AI CMI". The Astronomical Journal. 88: 386. doi:10.1086/113323.
  19. ^ van Leeuwen, F.; van Genderen, A. M.; Zegelaar, I. (1998). "Hipparcos photometry of 24 variable massive stars ( α Cygni variables)". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 128 (1): 117–129. doi:10.1051/aas:1998129. ISSN 0365-0138.
  20. ^ a b c Kourniotis, M; Kraus, M; Maryeva, O; Borges Fernandes, M; Maravelias, G (24 February 2022). "Revisiting the evolved hypergiants in the Magellanic Clouds". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 511 (3): 4360–4376. arXiv:2202.04667. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac386. ISSN 0035-8711.
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