Vela X-1 is a pulsing, eclipsing high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) system, associated with the Uhuru source 4U 0900-40 and the supergiant star HD 77581. The X-ray emission of the neutron star is caused by the capture and accretion of matter from the stellar wind of the supergiant companion. Vela X-1 is the prototypical detached HMXB.[4]
| Observation data Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS) | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Vela |
| Right ascension | 09h 02m 06.861s[2] |
| Declination | −40° 33′ 16.90″[2] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 6.87 |
| Characteristics | |
| Spectral type | B0.5Ia |
| Apparent magnitude (B) | 7.301 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 6.926 |
| Apparent magnitude (J) | 5.833±0.020 |
| Apparent magnitude (H) | 5.705±0.034 |
| Apparent magnitude (K) | 5.596±0.024 |
| U−B color index | −0.51[3] |
| B−V color index | 0.50[3] |
| Variable type | Complex[citation needed] |
| Astrometry | |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: −4.822[2] mas/yr Dec.: 9.282[2] mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 0.4962 ± 0.0152 mas[2] |
| Distance | 6,600 ± 200 ly (2,020 ± 60 pc) |
| Other designations | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
The orbital period of the system is 8.964 days, with the neutron star being eclipsed for about two days of each orbit by HD 77581. It has been given the variable star designation GP Velorum, and it varies from visual magnitude 6.76 to 6.99.[5] The spin period of the neutron star is about 283 seconds, and gives rise to strong X-ray pulsations. The mass of the pulsar is estimated to be at least 1.88±0.13 solar masses.[6]
Characteristics
editLong term monitoring of the spin period shows small random increases and decreases over time similar to a random walk.[7] The accreting matter causes the random spin period changes. However, a recent study has detected nearly periodic spin period reversals in Vela X-1 on long time-scales of about 5.9 years.[8]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Tjemkes, S. A.; Zuiderwijk, E. J.; van Paradijs, J. (January 1986). "Optical light curves of massive X-ray binaries". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 154: 77–91. Bibcode:1986A&A...154...77T. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
- ^ a b c d e Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
- ^ a b Klare, G.; Neckel, T. (1977). "UBV, Hβ and polarization measurements of 1660 southern OB stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 27: 215. Bibcode:1977A&AS...27..215K.
- ^ Mauche, C. W.; Liedahl, D. A.; Akiyama, S.; Plewa, T. (2007). "Hydrodynamic and Spectral Simulations of HMXB Winds". Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement. 169: 196–199. arXiv:0704.0237. Bibcode:2007PThPS.169..196M. doi:10.1143/PTPS.169.196. S2CID 17149878.
- ^ "GP Vel". International Variable Star Index. AAVSO. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
- ^ Quaintrell, H.; et al. (2003). "The mass of the neutron star in Vela X-1 and tidally induced non-radial oscillations in GP Vel". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 401: 313–324. arXiv:astro-ph/0301243. Bibcode:2003A&A...401..313Q. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030120. S2CID 5602110.
- ^ Bildsten, L.; et al. (1997). "Observations of Accreting Pulsars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 113 (2): 367–408. arXiv:astro-ph/9707125. Bibcode:1997ApJS..113..367B. doi:10.1086/313060. S2CID 706199.
- ^ Chandra, A. D.; et al. (2021). "Detection of nearly periodic spin period reversals in Vela X-1 on long time-scales: inkling of solar-like cycle in the donor star?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 508 (3): 4429–4442. arXiv:2108.07097. Bibcode:2021MNRAS.508.4429C. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2382.
External links
edit- Spin frequency history of Vela X-1
- Long-term spin period evolution of Vela X-1 for about five decades