HMS Cholmondely was a 4-gun single-masted cutter of the Royal Navy, purchased in the last days of the Seven Years' War with France. She was stationed off the Port of Liverpool for eight years from 1763, and was briefly under the command of Lieutenant (and future Admiral) Skeffington Lutwidge.
| History | |
|---|---|
.svg){kind=small} Great Britain | |
| Name | HMS Cholmondely |
| Launched | 1748 |
| Commissioned | April 1763 |
| Decommissioned | May 1771 |
| Out of service | 20 August 1771 |
| Fate | Sold out of service |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | 4-gun cutter |
| Tons burthen | 79 82⁄94 (bm) |
| Length |
|
| Beam | 18 ft 5 in (5.6 m) |
| Sail plan | fore-and-aft rig |
| Complement | 24 |
| Armament |
|
Cholmondely was sold back into private hands in 1771.
Construction
edit
Cholmondely was one of thirty cutters purchased by the Royal Navy in a three-month period from December 1762 to February 1763, for coastal patrol duties off English ports.[1] The function of these purchased cutters included convoy and patrol, the carrying of messages between Naval vessels in port, and assisting the press gang in the interception of coastal craft.[2][a]
Admiralty Orders for her purchase were issued on 29 December 1762, and the transaction was completed on 8 February 1763 at a cost of £650.[1][b] She was a small craft, single-masted and with an overall length of 57 ft 4 in (17.5 m) including bowsprit, a 44 ft 1 in (13.4 m) keel, and measuring 79 82⁄94 tons burthen. Her beam was 18 ft 5 in (5.6 m). At the time she was purchased by the Navy, she had been at sea as a merchant vessel for at least fifteen years.[1]
In mid-February 1763 the newly purchased cutter was sailed to Deptford Dockyard for refitting. Works ran for two months until the end of April, at a cost of £817.[1][c] Prior to purchase she had been fitted for merchant voyaging including eight three-pounder guns. In recognition of her future operations within the safer confines of a major seaport, the Navy reduced the number of cannons to four and supported them with ten 1⁄2-pounder swivel guns for anti-personnel use.[1]
As rebuilt for Navy service, Cholmondely had a crewing complement of 24 men.[1]
Naval service
editWar with France ended on 10 February 1763, after Cholmondely's purchase but before completion of her fitout or assembling of her crew. Despite this, commissioning went ahead in April 1763 and the vessel entered the Navy as a coastal cutter for the Port of Liverpool. Her first commander was 26-year-old Lieutenant Skeffington Lutwidge who would later go on to reach the Navy's most senior rank, Admiral of the Red.[1][6]
In 1766 Lutwidge was replaced as Cholmondely's commander by Lieutenant Robert Edgcombe, who served aboard for two years. In 1769 he was superseded by Lieutenant Hally Borwick, who served for a single year before passing command to Thomas Cunningham. Lieutenant Cunningham remained with Cholmondely until May 1771 when the cutter was retired from sea service and her crew paid off. Surplus to requirements, she was sold to a Plymouth merchant for £225 and removed from Navy service on 20 August 1771.[1][d]
Notes
edit- ^ Merchant seamen were eligible for Navy impressment if they were aboard merchant vessels returning to English ports after trading overseas. To avoid being pressed, seamen would routinely board small coastal craft sent out to their ships before they made port. These small craft would then land the seamen on beaches outside the port proper. During the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War, Navy cutters like Cholmondely were stationed in major seaports in order to intercept these craft and deliver those on board to the press gang in the port.[3]
- ^ This equates to a relative value of £85,100 in 2014 terms.[4]
- ^ This equates to a relative value of £107,000 in 2014 terms.[5]
- ^ This equates to a relative value of £26,300 in 2014 terms, less than one-third of her purchase price in 1763.[7]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h Winfield 2007, pp. 322–323
- ^ Greene, Carol D. (November 1996). "The Lurcher Cutter in the Seven Years' War 1761–1763". The Mariner's Mirror. 87 (4). United Kingdom: Society for Nautical Research: 417. doi:10.1080/00253359.1996.10656615.
- ^ Baugh 1965, pp. 157–158
- ^ "Purchasing Power of British Pounds from 1264 to Present". MeasuringWorth. 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
- ^ "Purchasing Power of British Pounds from 1264 to Present". MeasuringWorth. 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
- ^ "No. 16391". The London Gazette. 28 July 1810. p. 1117.
- ^ "Purchasing Power of British Pounds from 1264 to Present". MeasuringWorth. 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
Bibliography
edit- Baugh, Daniel A. (1965). British Naval Administration in the Age of Walpole. Princeton University Press. OCLC 729683642.
- Winfield, Rif (2007). British Warships of the Age of Sail 1714–1792: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 9781844157006.