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HTMS Sukhothai

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HTMS Sukhothai (FS-442) (Thai: เรือหลวงสุโขทัย, RTGS: Ruea Luang Sukhothai) was a corvette of the Ratanakosin class operated by the Royal Thai Navy that was launched in 1986.

HTMS Sukhothai in 1987
History
Thailand
NameHTMS Sukhothai
NamesakeSukhothai Kingdom
BuilderTacoma Boatbuilding Company, Tacoma, Washington, United States
Laid down26 March 1984
Launched20 July 1986
Commissioned10 June 1987
Identification
FateSank on 18 December 2022
Badge
General characteristics
TypeRatanakosin-class corvette
Displacement960 tons
Length76.8 m (252 ft 0 in)
Beam9.6 m (31 ft 6 in)
Draught4.5 m (14 ft 9 in)
Speed26 knots (48 km/h; 30 mph) maximum[1]
Range3,000 nmi (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) at 16 kn (30 km/h; 18 mph)[1]
Complement87
Sensors and
processing systems
  • 1 × Decca 1226 surface-search radar
  • 1 × HSA ZW-06 surface-search radar
  • 1 × HSA DA-05 air/surface-search radar
  • 1 × HSA WM-25 fire-control radar
  • 1 × HSA LIROD-8 optical fire-control system
  • STN Atlas DSQS-21C hull-mounted sonar
Armament

On 18 December 2022 in the Gulf of Thailand, high winds and strong waves caused seawater to flow into the warship; this flooding caused the engines to fail, and the pumps also became unusable. Sukhothai continued to take on water until eventually sinking overnight. As of 2 March 2023, the Royal Thai Navy had rescued 76 sailors and found 24 dead. An additional five sailors are presumed dead but their bodies were not found.

Characteristics

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Sukhothai in the Gulf of Thailand during a CARAT 2013 training exercise

Sukhothai was a Ratanakosin-class corvette. The intended role of the Ratanakosin-class vessels was to provide surface-to-surface and surface-to-air missile capability on a highly maneuverable platform.[2]

The Ratanakosin-class corvettes, of which there were two, were 76.8 m (252 ft 0 in) long and 9.6 m (31 ft 6 in) wide, and had a displacement of 960 tons at full load. The class shares characteristics with the Royal Saudi Navy Badr-class corvette. The ship was powered by two diesel engines running two propeller shafts, providing a maximum speed of 26 knots (48 km/h; 30 mph) and a range of 3,000 nautical miles (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) at 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph). The crew complement was 87, of which 15 were officers, plus an expected contingent of flag officer's staff.[3]

Sukhothai was armed with two quadruple McDonnell Douglas Harpoon anti-ship missile launchers. She also had an octuple Selenia's Aspide surface-to-air missile launcher. The ship's gunnery was provided by one OTO Melara 76 mm gun supported by a twin Breda 40 mm cannon and a Rheinmetall 20 mm autocannon. Her torpedo armament was two triple-Mark 32 Surface Vessel Torpedo Tubes armed with Sting Ray torpedoes.[3]

Service history

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Ship's Serviceman give a tour aboard USS Kidd (DDG-100) to Sailors from HTMS Sukhothai (442) during the International Maritime Defense Exhibition (IMDEX) Asia 2009

Ordered for the Royal Thai Navy on 9 May 1983, the ship was laid down by Tacoma Boatbuilding Company in Tacoma, Washington, United States, on 26 March 1984.[3][4] Sukhothai was launched on 20 July 1986.[3] The ship was the last major vessel to be completed at Tacoma Boatbuilding's Yard 1 on the Hylebos Waterway.[5] Sukhothai was commissioned into the Royal Thai Navy on 10 June 1987. She was originally given hull number 2, but this was later changed to 442.[1][3]

In 1994 Sukhothai was part of the Royal Thai Navy contingent in the annual Thai-Australian military exercise AUSTHAI 94.[6] Sukhothai launched several Aspide surface-to-air missiles against drone targets during the Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training Cruise 1995 (CARAT 95), a maritime exercise cooperation with vessels from the United States, Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Brunei. This was the first time that the Royal Thai Navy had fired the missiles since purchasing them in 1985.[7]

2022 sinking

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In December 2022, Sukhothai was on its way to attend a commemorative event of Prince Abhakara Kiartivongse[8] 32 kilometres (20 mi; 17 nmi) east of Bang Saphan in the province of Prachuap Khiri Khan. A weather advisory for the area had been issued by the Thailand Meteorological Department, warning of 4-metre-high (13 ft) waves and advising ships to "proceed with caution".[9] She was caught in a storm on 18 December.[10] Seawater was reported to have entered an exhaust port, which led to flooding and a heavy list, followed by a short circuit in the ship's electrical system and failure of the pumps.[11] This flooding caused the engines to fail, and the pumps became unusable.[8][12] The ship sank on 18 December at around 23:30 local time (UTC+07:00)[4][13] at coordinates 11°00′N 99°53′E / 11.000°N 99.883°E / 11.000; 99.883 (HTMS Sukhothai (FS-442)).[14]

Other naval ships and helicopters were sent to assist, but only HTMS Kraburi reached the vessel before she sank.[4] As of 2 March 2023, the Royal Thai Navy had rescued 76 sailors and found 24 dead, with an additional five missing but presumed dead.[15][16]

Commander-in-chief of the Royal Thai Navy admiral Choengchai Chomchoengpaet said that there were not enough life jackets on board the ship for the regular crew plus thirty extra people who were to take part in a ceremony, but that the chances of survival were the same with or without life jackets.[12]

As of 13 January 2023, the Royal Thai Navy said it planned to raise and salvage the sunken ship due to environmental and safety concerns, and also expressed an aspirational concept to potentially refit the warship. The navy said it would use a budget of ฿100M and allow companies to bid on the retrieval. The navy specified that the warship should be recovered whole and mostly intact. While bidders were confident at the time in the viability of the project,[15] it was later abandoned due to cost concerns and poor chances of success.[17]

In February 2023, the Thai Ministry of Defense announced that the five missing sailors were presumed killed in the line of duty.[16]

2024 light salvage operation

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On 22 February 2024 a light salvage operation was launched from Royal Thai Navy in cooperation with US Navy under Cobra Gold military exercises 2024.[18][19] The purpose of the operation was to search for the five missing crew members and remove hazardous materials from the wreck of Sukhothai.[20] The operation ended on 12 March and a memorial monument is planned.[21][22]

Investigation results

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In April 2024, the Royal Thai Navy released the findings of divers, which led to the conclusion that the ship had been lost due to flooding primarily from three holes, one in the side from the hull which was presumed to be from floating debris, one on the forecastle deck where the waves ripped up the forward breakwater, and a hole in the fiberglass Otomalera 76mm turret. These holes let water into the gun bay of the forward turret before flowing into the electrical room behind it. The above waterline flooding led to a loss of stability which created a list that would develop in the coming hours before letting in water through deck penetrations such as air vents, resulting in the loss of the ship. Valliant damage control efforts were made by the crew but it was not enough to save the ship. Submersible pumps did not work while submerge, or electrocuted the crew while working, a point which the media inexplicably failed to question, and the navy failed to address.[23]

The only person to face any consequences for the sinking was the ship's captain who faced minor disciplinary measures.

Admiral Adung Phan-iam, the previous navy chief promised to publish the final report on Sukhotai's sinking. The report has been completed but has not been published. The current navy chief has not said anything on this matter.

Memorial monument of HTMS Sukhothai

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Admiral Adung Phan-iam, Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Thai Navy, unveiled a memorial monument dedicated to the sunken warship HTMS Sukhothai on September 24, 2024. The ceremony was held to honor the 29 crew members who perished or went missing during the ship's sinking in December 2022.The even was quietly done with minimal media presence.[24][25]

References

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  1. ^ a b c "Royal Thai Navy's Ratanakosin-class corvette HTMS Sukhothai has sunk". Navy Recognition. 19 December 2022. Archived from the original on 22 December 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  2. ^ Daily Report: East Asia. The Service. 1991. p. 134.
  3. ^ a b c d e Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2002). Jane's Fighting Ships, 2002–2003. Coulsdon, Surrey, UK: Jane's Information Group. p. 709. ISBN 0-7106-2432-8.
  4. ^ a b c Mao, Frances (19 December 2022). "Thailand warship capsizes leaving 31 sailors missing". BBC News. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  5. ^ "A New Gunboat for Thailand". The News Tribune. 21 July 1986. p. 12.
  6. ^ "AUSTHAI". Asia-Pacific Defence Reporter. 21 (2–15). Peter Isaacson Publications: 22. 1994.
  7. ^ Asia Pacific Defense Forum. Commander of the U.S. Pacific Command. 1995. p. 47.
  8. ^ a b "Navy Ship Sinks Off Prachuap Khiri Khan Coast". Khaosod English. 18 December 2022. Retrieved 24 December 2022.
  9. ^ Vejpongsa, Tassanee; Ekvitthayavechnukul, Chalida (19 December 2022). "Thai navy searching for 31 missing sailors after ship sank". AP News. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  10. ^ "Dozens of sailors missing after Thai navy ship sinks". Al Jazeera. 19 December 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  11. ^ Voytenko, Mikhail (18 December 2022). "Thai Royal Navy Corvette sank in Gulf of Siam". Fleetmon. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  12. ^ a b Olarn, Kocha (25 December 2022). "Death toll from sinking of Thai navy ship rises to 18". CNN. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
  13. ^ "Thai Royal Navy Vessel HTMS Sukhothai Sinks". Atlas News. 18 December 2022. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  14. ^ "นาทีต่อนาที "เรือหลวงสุโขทัย" อับปางลงท้องทะเลอ่าวไทย". Thai PBS (in Thai). Retrieved 30 December 2022.
  15. ^ a b Nanuam, Wassana (13 January 2023). "'B100m' is needed to salvage warship". Bangkok Post.
  16. ^ a b "Missing crew members of HTMS Sukhothai declared perished while on duty". Pattaya Mail. 2 March 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  17. ^ "Vessel Condition, Human Error Blamed for Loss of Thai Navy Frigate". The Maritime Executive. 11 April 2024. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  18. ^ Update on RTN-USN Joint Light Salvage of HTMS Sukhothai
  19. ^ AMBASSADOR PRAISES THAI-US JOINT OPERATION OF HTMS SUKHOTHAI AS COMPLETED
  20. ^ THAI-US NAVIES FOCUS ON HTMS SUKHOTHAI MISSING PERSONS
  21. ^ ภารกิจกู้เรือหลวงสุโขทัยสิ้นสุดแล้ว แต่ไม่พบผู้สูญหายทั้ง 5 คน
  22. ^ จบภารกิจกู้เรือหลวงสุโขทัย เตรียมสร้างอนุสรณ์สถาน
  23. ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wS2qrYtCmDU&ab_channel=ThaiPBS
  24. ^ ผบ.ทร.เปิดอนุสรณ์สถานเรือหลวงสุโขทัย รำลึกเชิดชูเกียรติ 29 วีรชนผู้กล้าหาญ
  25. ^ กองทัพเรือเปิด “อนุสรณ์สถานเรือหลวงสุโขทัย”
 
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